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Sampling Procedures To Detect Mycotoxins In Agricultural Commodities
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Book Synopsis Sampling Procedures to Detect Mycotoxins in Agricultural Commodities by : Thomas B. Whitaker
Download or read book Sampling Procedures to Detect Mycotoxins in Agricultural Commodities written by Thomas B. Whitaker and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-09-22 with total page 59 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Adherence to regulatory limits for mycotoxins in agricultural commodities is important to safeguard consumers and to permit trade in affected commodities across international borders. Reliable estimates of mycotoxin concentrations are required to implement regulatory decisions on the suitability of lots of produce for consumption or trade. Effective schemes to test for mycotoxins depend not only upon sound analytical methods, but also on well designed and implemented sampling plans. This manual provides information to food analysts and regulatory officials on effective sampling plans to detect mycotoxins in food. The concepts of uncertainty and variability in mycotoxin test procedures are discussed as well as the importance of ensuring that samples are representative of the lot being sampled, and the consequences of a poorly designed sampling plan on the reliability of the measured levels of mycotoxins, possibly resulting in legal disputes and barriers to trade.
Download or read book Mycotoxins written by John F. Leslie and published by CABI. This book was released on 2008 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is an outcome of the MycoGlobe conference in Accra. Most of the chapters are based on invited oral presentations made at the conference. The chapters in this book touch on issues including health, trade, ecology, epidemiology, occurrence, detection, management, awareness and policy. This book serves as a source of information on the occurrence and impact of mycotoxins on everything from trade and health to agricultural production in addition to suggesting opportunities for their management in Africa and elsewhere by researchers, policy makers and development investors.
Download or read book Mycotoxins written by John F. Leslie and published by CABI. This book was released on 2008 with total page 498 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mycotoxins are produced worldwide by several fungi on a wide range of agricultural commodities and are closely related to human and animal food chains. Examining mycotoxins and their impact from a public health viewpoint, this book provides an overview and introduction to the subject and examines the health, trade and legislation issues involved. Management of mycotoxins is discussed in detail as well as the global problems caused by mycotoxins.
Book Synopsis Mycotoxins in Agriculture and Food Safety by : Kaushal K. Shinha
Download or read book Mycotoxins in Agriculture and Food Safety written by Kaushal K. Shinha and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1998-07-16 with total page 538 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Describes a range of mycotoxins occurring as contaminants in agricultural crops and animal products, and details the implementation of food safety regulations via governmental and international agencies. The book charts the progress made in mycotoxicology since the early 1990s. It also profiles recent advances in mycotoxin analysis methods.
Download or read book Mycotoxins in Food written by N Magan and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2004-07-16 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mycotoxins, toxic compounds produced by fungi, pose a significant contamination risk in both animal feed and foods for human consumption. With its distinguished editors and international team of contributors, Mycotoxins in food summarises the wealth of recent research on how to assess the risks from mycotoxins, detect particular mycotoxins and control them at differing stages in the supply chain. Part one addresses risk assessment techniques, sampling methods, modelling and detection techniques used to measure the risk of mycotoxin contamination and the current regulations governing mycotoxin limits in food. Part two looks at how the risk of contamination may be controlled, with chapters on the use of HACCP systems and mycotoxin control at different stages in the supply chain. Two case studies demonstrate how these controls work for particular products. The final section details particular mycotoxins, from ochratoxin A and patulin to zearalenone and fumonisins. Mycotoxins in food is a standard reference for all those concerned with ensuring the safety of food. Discusses the wealth of recent research in this important area Covers risk assessment, detection of particular mycotoxins and how to control them throughout the supply chain Describes how the risk of contamination can be controlled, including the use of HACCP systems
Book Synopsis Improved Sample Preparation Ensures Accurate Quantification of Multiple Mycotoxins in Maize by Liquid Chromatography-stable Isotope Dilution Assay-tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-SIDA-MS/MS) by : Wonder Praise-God Nxumalo
Download or read book Improved Sample Preparation Ensures Accurate Quantification of Multiple Mycotoxins in Maize by Liquid Chromatography-stable Isotope Dilution Assay-tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-SIDA-MS/MS) written by Wonder Praise-God Nxumalo and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this study was to develop and validate an improved sample preparation technique for accurate quantification of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), AFB2, AFG1, AFG2, deoxynivalenol (DON), fumonisin B1 (FB1), FB2, Ochratoxin A (OTA), zearalenone (ZEN), HT-2 toxin and T-2 toxin in maize using liquid chromatography-isotope dilution mass spectrometry. Mycotoxin contamination in agricultural commodities poses a threat to human health. Contamination of food is recognised as a source of food borne illness by the World Health Organisation (WHO). The toxicity of mycotoxins has been evaluated by the Joint Food and Agricultural Organisation (FAO)/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) and the maximum levels (MLs) for the agricultural important mycotoxins have been established. Agricultural commodities need to be tested to ensure food safety prior to human consumption; this requires accurate analytical methods for identification and quantification of these mycotoxins at the regulatory levels. Analytical methods based on liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry have been developed for identification and quantification of mycotoxins. However, MS based analysis is affected by matrix effects that results from ionisation inefficiency of the target analyte due to co-eluting matrix components. Therefore, there is a need for improved sample preparation methods which can minimise, or possibly eliminate, matrix components prior to mass spectrometric analysis. Dilute-and-shoot , Quick, Easy, Cheap, Efficient, Rugged and Safe (QuEChERS) and solid phase extraction (SPE) techniques were evaluated for matrix removal efficiency in multi mycotoxin determination in maize. Isotopically labelled mycotoxin standards were used to compensate for variations during the analysis. Spiked blank maize samples and matrix reference materials were used to evaluate the performance of each sample preparation technique. Dilute-and-shoot technique was used as a first approach to estimate expected matrix effects and to verify whether isotopically labelled internal standards can compensate for matrix effects during the analysis. All the analytes were affected by the presence of matrix effects, signal suppression/enhancement (SSE) ranged between 88% - 194%. When %REC > 130% it was deemed enhanced. The QuEChERS method was ineffective in isolating mycotoxins from the matrix. Results from dilute-and-shoot and QuEChERS highlighted the need of a selective clean-up step to reduce matrix effects. Different SPE columns with different sorbents were evaluated for matrix removal efficiency and analyte retention performances. Columns with analyte(s) selective sorbents were effective in improving recoveries for those specific analytes. Also, minimum matrix effects were observed from these columns. However, for multi mycotoxin determination, an ideal clean-up step should yield good recoveries for all the mycotoxins with varying physicochemical properties. Hydrophilic-lipophilic balanced (HLB) SPE column gave good recoveries for most analytes despite relatively high matrix effects with respect to selective sorbents. A clean-up method based on HLB clean-up was optimised to improve matrix removal efficiency. An accurate, precise and robust method for the determination of multiple mycotoxins in maize was developed and validated. This method is based on ultrasonic extraction, economical HLB SPE clean-up and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-stable isotope dilution assay-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-SIDA-MS/MS). Sample extraction based on two extraction steps using acidified methanol/water mixture and HLB SPE clean-up resulted in good analyte recoveries 57% ? %REC ? 142% for most analytes. Fast polarity switching mode was used to determine all the analytes in one chromatographic run without compromising chromatographic resolution. Method performance results indicate that the method can be used to detect and quantify mycotoxins at the regulated levels. Keywords: Mycotoxins, maize, stable isotope dilution assay, ultra-high performance liquid chromatography, tandem mass spectrometry
Book Synopsis Mycotoxigenic Fungi by : Antonio Moretti
Download or read book Mycotoxigenic Fungi written by Antonio Moretti and published by Humana. This book was released on 2016-12-06 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thorough volume explores the possibility of detecting and identifying toxigenic fungi, able to produce secondary metabolites known as mycotoxins, which cause severe health problems in humans and animals after exposure to contaminated food and feed, having a broad range of toxic effects, including carcinogenicity, neurotoxicity, and reproductive and developmental toxicity. Beginning with a section on fungal genera and species of major significance along with their associated mycotoxins, the book continues with sections on Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)-based methods for the detection and identification of mycotoxigenic fungi, PCR-based methods for multiplex detection of mycotoxigenic fungi, as well as sections on combined approaches and new methodologies. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Mycotoxigenic Fungi: Methods and Protocols will aid researchers working in this vital field to provide insight into possible actions to reduce mycotoxin contamination of crop plants and the food/feed byproducts.
Book Synopsis Mycotoxins in Fruits and Vegetables by : R. Barkai-Golan
Download or read book Mycotoxins in Fruits and Vegetables written by R. Barkai-Golan and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-09-02 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mycotoxins are toxins produced by aerobic, microscopic fungus under special conditions of moisture and temperature. They colonize in a variety of foods from harvest to the grocer. Mycotoxins have gained world wide interest in recent years with the revelation of the effect of these toxins on health. A current example is the presence of ochratoxin A, a human carcinogen and nephrotoxin, in wines. The increased concern about fruit safety has led to increased studies throughout the world and enhanced awareness for stringent regulations governing mycotoxin limits in food. Presented in three defined sections, this is the first book to provide comprehensive analysis of the main mycotoxins contaminating fruits and vegetables and their derived products. The first section provides a safety evaluation of mycotoxins in fruits and vegetables, details regarding factors affecting mycotoxin production and diffusion in the fruit tissue, and recent methods for detection of mycotoxigenic fungi and mycotoxins produced by the fungi. The second part takes a critical look at the main individual mycotoxins and the third section focuses on approaches for prevention and control. * The first book dedicated to mycotoxins in fruits and vegetables * Presents mycological, mycotoxicological and phytopathological aspects of fruits and vegetables * Includes an analysis of detection, prevention and control methods for mycotoxigenic fungi and the mycotoxins they produce * Provides a complete risk assessment and safety evaluation of mycotoxins in perishable produce
Book Synopsis Determining Mycotoxins and Mycotoxigenic Fungi in Food and Feed by : Sarah De Saeger
Download or read book Determining Mycotoxins and Mycotoxigenic Fungi in Food and Feed written by Sarah De Saeger and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-02-07 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mycotoxins - toxic secondary metabolites produced by mycotoxigenic fungi – pose a significant risk to the food chain. Indeed, they may be the most hazardous of all food contaminants in terms of chronic toxicity and legislative limits on their levels in food and feed continue to be developed worldwide. Rapid and reliable methods for the determination of both mycotoxigenic fungi and mycotoxins in food and feed are therefore essential. This book reviews current and emerging methods in this area. Part one focuses on the essentials of mycotoxin determination, covering sampling, sample preparation and clean-up and key determination techniques, such as chromatographic separation, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and immunochemical methods. Part two then goes on to describe quality assurance, official methods and performance criteria for determining mycotoxins in food and feed. Topics covered include laboratory accreditation, method validation and measurement uncertainty. The development and analysis of biomarkers for mycotoxins are discussed in part three. Individual chapters focus on detecting exposure in humans and animals. Part four is concerned with the processes involved in determining mycotoxigenic fungi in food and feed. It also describes the identification of genes and gene clusters involved in mycotoxin synthesis, as well as DNA barcoding of toxigenic fungi. Finally, part five explores some of the emerging methods for mycotoxin analysis, ranging from bio-sensing to spectroscopic techniques. With its distinguished editor and international team of contributors, Determining mycotoxins and mycotoxigenic fungi in food and feed is a standard reference for all those concerned with reducing mycotoxin contamination in the food chain. Focuses on the essentials of mycotoxin determination, covering sampling, sample preparation, clean-up and key determination techniques Documents quality assurance and official methods and performance criteria for determining mycotoxins in food and feed Explores the processes of determining mycotoxigenic fungi in food and feed including the identification of genes and gene clusters
Book Synopsis The Mycotoxin Blue Book by : Duarte Diaz
Download or read book The Mycotoxin Blue Book written by Duarte Diaz and published by Context Products. This book was released on 2005-01-01 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Moulds and the mycotoxins they produce, have a wide-ranging economic impact on animal agriculture on every continent of the globe. Mould growth robs feed nutritive value and reduces intake, which lowers efficiency. Mycotoxins, even when present at levels previously considered 'trace', have negative effects on performance and health, particularly in the context of today's more highly productive modern livestock genetics. Food-borne toxins also threaten human health through contaminated cereal and protein sources and transfer of toxins in food animal products. The Mycotoxin Blue Book focuses on the physiological effects and field occurrence of mycotoxins. Detailed information on types of moulds and mycotoxins and the conditions under which moulds flourish is included. Implications of mycotoxin contamination of feedstuffs for all major food animal species are presented in addition to aquaculture and companion animals. Sampling and analytical issues are covered in depth; as is the topic of mycotoxins in human foods. Finally, practical means of ameliorating mycotoxin effects are addressed. It is the hope of the editor and authors that the material herein will lead to clearer recognition of mycotoxin problems and ultimately to ways of reducing their impact on food animal production. An excellent guide for nutritionists, advisors, farmers and students involved with and using animal feed. Contents: Sampling feeds for mycotoxin analysis Mycotoxins: their effects in poultry and some practical solutions Effects of mycotoxins in horses Effects of mycotoxins on domestic pet species Effects of mycotoxins on antioxidant status and immunity Mycotoxins in aquaculture Principles and applications of mycotoxin analysis Mycotoxins in the human food chain Mould growth and mycotoxin production Current concepts in mycotoxicoses in swine Mycotoxins in forages Mycotoxin interactions Mycotoxins: metabolism, mechanisms and biochemical markers Effects of mycotoxins in ruminants Mycotoxin sequestering agents: practical tools for the neutralisation of mycotoxins Index
Book Synopsis Mycotoxins in Agriculture and Food Safety by : Kaushal K. Shinha
Download or read book Mycotoxins in Agriculture and Food Safety written by Kaushal K. Shinha and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1998-07-16 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Describes a range of mycotoxins occurring as contaminants in agricultural crops and animal products, and details the implementation of food safety regulations via governmental and international agencies. The book charts the progress made in mycotoxicology since the early 1990s. It also profiles recent advances in mycotoxin analysis methods.
Book Synopsis Meeting the mycotoxin menace by : D. Barug
Download or read book Meeting the mycotoxin menace written by D. Barug and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2023-08-28 with total page 319 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Mycotoxins are toxic secondary metabolites of moulds belonging essentially to the Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Fusarium genera. They can be produced on a wide range of agricultural commodities and under a diverse range of situations. Due to their various toxic effects and their good thermal stability, the presence of mycotoxins in foods and feeds is potentially hazardous to the health of both humans and animals. Mycotoxins may cause damage to e.g. liver, kidney or the nervous system, some are even carcinogenic. There is growing concern for ways in which these fungi and their mycotoxins can be prevented from entering the human and animal food chain. And worldwide changes in legislation ever increase the need for more precise and sensitive mycotoxin analytical methods. 'Meeting the mycotoxin menace' contains the peer-reviewed papers of the second World Mycotoxin Forum held 17-18 February 2003 in Noordwijk, the Netherlands. The book focuses on the various aspects related to the presence, prevention, control, sampling and analysis of mycotoxins in agricultural commodities, foods and feeds. In this publication special attention is given to new developments in this field. The editors firmly believe that the very nature of the themes chosen and the excellence of the papers by invited experts from various disciplines will draw an audience from both the food and feed industry, regulatory authorities and science."
Author :United States. Food and Drug Administration. Division of Microbiology Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :180 pages Book Rating :4.F/5 ( download)
Book Synopsis Bacteriological Analytical Manual by : United States. Food and Drug Administration. Division of Microbiology
Download or read book Bacteriological Analytical Manual written by United States. Food and Drug Administration. Division of Microbiology and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Comprehensive Sampling and Sample Preparation by : Josep M. Bayona
Download or read book Comprehensive Sampling and Sample Preparation written by Josep M. Bayona and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012-12-31 with total page 2998 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprehensive Sampling and Sample Preparation is a complete treatment of the theory and methodology of sampling in all physical phases and the theory of sample preparation for all major extraction techniques. It is the perfect starting point for researchers and students to design and implement their experiments and support those experiments with quality-reviewed background information. In its four volumes, fundamentals of sampling and sample preparation are reinforced through broad and detailed sections dealing with Biological and Medical, Environmental and Forensic, and Food and Beverage applications. The contributions are organized to reflect the way in which analytical chemists approach a problem. It is intended for a broad audience of analytical chemists, both educators and practitioners of the art and can assist in the preparation of courses as well in the selection of sampling and sample preparation techniques to address the challenges at hand. Above all, it is designed to be helpful in learning more about these topics, as well as to encourage an interest in sampling and sample preparation by outlining the present practice of the technology and by indicating research opportunities. Sampling and Sample preparation is a large and well-defined field in Analytical Chemistry, relevant for many application areas such as medicine, environmental science, biochemistry, pharmacology, geology, and food science. This work covers all these aspects and will be extremely useful to researchers and students, who can use it as a starting point to design and implement their experiments and for quality-reviewed background information There are limited resources that Educators can use to effectively teach the fundamental aspects of modern sample preparation technology. Comprehensive Sampling and Sample Preparation addresses this need, but focuses on the common principles of new developments in extraction technologies rather than the differences between techniques thus facilitating a more thorough understanding Provides a complete overview of the field. Not only will help to save time, it will also help to make correct assessments and avoid costly mistakes in sampling in the process Sample and sample preparation are integral parts of the analytical process but are often less considered and sometimes even completely disregarded in the available literature. To fill this gap, leading scientists have contributed 130 chapters, organized in 4 volumes, covering all modern aspects of sampling and liquid, solid phase and membrane extractions, as well as the challenges associated with different types of matrices in relevant application areas
Book Synopsis Rapid Detection of Mycotoxin Contamination by : András Székács
Download or read book Rapid Detection of Mycotoxin Contamination written by András Székács and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A compilation of 12 original research articles and a review on the development of instrumental and immunoanalytical methods for mycotoxins; on the enhancement of sample preparation and selection to improve method applicability; and on practical applications of analytical methods in laboratory fungal cultures, cereal and feed samples, surface water (as a novel matrix of mycotoxins as emerging surface water contaminants), and during mycotoxin decontamination by bacteria. Target analyte mycotoxins include aflatoxins, deoxynivalenol, diacetoxyscirpenol, fumonisins, fusarenone-X, HT-2 toxins, nivalenol, ochratoxins, sterigmatocystin, T-2 toxin, and zearalenone.
Book Synopsis Mycotoxin Protocols by : Mary W. Trucksess
Download or read book Mycotoxin Protocols written by Mary W. Trucksess and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-02-05 with total page 245 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mycotoxins produced by molds are common contaminants of many important crops, including wheat, corn, rice, and peanuts. Some mycotoxins are found in fruits and vegetables. These contaminants have a broad range of toxic effects, including carcinogenicity, neurotoxicity, and reproductive and developmental toxicity. The occurrence of mycotoxins in foods is an unavoidable worldwide problem. About 80 countries have imposed regulatory limits to minimize human and animal exposure to mycotoxins. Regulatory limits, including international standards, have tremendous economic impact and must be developed using science-based risk assessments. The purpose of Mycotoxin Protocols is to provide the scientific and technological basis for analytical methods for use in obtaining the exposure data needed for risk assessments. Mycotoxin Protocols is divided into four sections, which are interc- nected. The first section: Chapters 1–5 describe the general techniques for mycotoxin analysis with emphasis on the importance of method validation based on statistical parameters; sampling procedures for collecting a sample as representative as possible of a bulk lot; the isolation of mycotoxins for use as analytical standards or for toxicological studies; the evaluation of purity and preparation of standards; and the detection and identification of impu- ties in isolated mycotoxins. Sections 2–4: Chapters 6–19 describe the most current chromatographic and immunochemical methods for studies on the major mycotoxins.
Book Synopsis LC-MS/MS Method for Mycotoxin Analysis by : Aldo Laganà
Download or read book LC-MS/MS Method for Mycotoxin Analysis written by Aldo Laganà and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2018-07-09 with total page 195 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "LC-MS/MS Method for Mycotoxin Analysis" that was published in Toxins
