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Saltcake Dissolution Studies In Single Shell Tank Retrieval
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Book Synopsis Saltcake Dissolution Studies in Single-Shell Tank Retrieval by : R. Hunt
Download or read book Saltcake Dissolution Studies in Single-Shell Tank Retrieval written by R. Hunt and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Results of column dissolution experiments designed to evaluate the physical and chemical processes inherent to saltcake dissolution are presented along with model chemical equilibrium calculations. Two different compositions representing saltcakes in Hanford tanks were characterized, and porosities and permeabilities for a third composition based upon the saltcake waste in Tank 41H at the Savannah River Site (SRS) were also evaluated. Whereas the surrogates are all chemically similar, the presence of high phosphate loadings for the Hanford (HNF) simulants was noted as significantly affecting draining. The permeability was higher for the SRS saltcake, and the sodium nitrate loading in this saltcake was roughly 80% by weight compared to less than 60% by weight for the HNF compositions. Average values of the permeability and porosity were reduced for the surrogates based on Hanford Tanks S-112 and S-101. Here a secondary layer formed above the saltcake bed and was found to contain a large amount of gibbsite, Al(OH)3. Experiments with 3 molal (m) NaOH as a diluent, compared to water, did not result in additional layer formation that has been attributed to a change in local pH thereby altering the solid liquid equilibrium. Chemical analysis of the two HNF saltcakes indicated solids re-precipitation as a function of diluent added. The events were signified by large decreases in the nitrate and carbonate anion concentrations and were confined to low % dilution by weight values. Solids re-precipitation is noted as arising from the mixing of the dissolved saltcake stream with pockets of saturated interstitial liquor.
Book Synopsis Gas Releases During Saltcake Dissolution for Retrieval of Single-Shell Tank Waste, Rev. 1 by :
Download or read book Gas Releases During Saltcake Dissolution for Retrieval of Single-Shell Tank Waste, Rev. 1 written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is possible to retrieve a large fraction of soluble waste from the Hanford single-shell waste tanks (SSTs) by dissolving it with water. This retrieval method will be demonstrated in Tanks U-107 and S-112 in the next few years. If saltcake dissolution proves practical and effective, many of the saltcake SSTs may be retrieved by this method. Many of the SSTs retain flammable gas that will be released into the tank headspace as the waste dissolves. This report describes the physical processes that control dissolution and gas release. Calculation results are shown and describe how the headspace hydrogen concentration evolves during dissolution. The observed spontaneous and induced gas releases from SSTs are summarized, and the dissolution of the crust layer in SY-101 is discussed as a recent example of full-scale dissolution of saltcake containing a large volume of retained gas. The report concludes that the dissolution rate is self-limiting and that gas release rates are relatively low.
Book Synopsis Gas Releases During Saltcake Dissolution for Retrieval of Single-Shell Tank Waste by :
Download or read book Gas Releases During Saltcake Dissolution for Retrieval of Single-Shell Tank Waste written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is possible to retrieve a large fraction of soluble waste from the Hanford single-shell waste tanks (SST) by dissolving it with water. This retrieval method will be demonstrated in U-107 and S-112 in the next few years. If saltcake dissolution proves practical and effective, many of the saltcake SSTs may be retrieved by this method. Many of the SSTs retain a large volume of flammable gas that will be released into the tank headspace as the waste dissolves. This report describes the physical processes that control dissolution and gas release. Calculation results are shown describing the headspace hydrogen concentration transient during dissolution. The observed spontaneous and induced gas releases from SSTs is summarized and the dissolution of the crust layer in SY-101 is discussed as a recent example of full-scale dissolution of saltcake containing a very large volume of retained gas. The report concludes that the dissolution rate is self limiting and gas release rates are relatively low.
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Book Synopsis Process Control Plan for Single Shell Tank (SST) Saltcake Dissolution Proof of Concept by :
Download or read book Process Control Plan for Single Shell Tank (SST) Saltcake Dissolution Proof of Concept written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This document describes the process controls for the tank 241-U-107 (U-107) saltcake dissolution proof-of-concept operations. Saltcake dissolution is defined as a method by which water-soluble salts will be retrieved from the Hanford Site radioactive waste tanks utilizing dissolution as the mobilizing mechanism. The proof-of-concept operations will monitor the retrieval process and transfer at least 100 kgal of fluid from tank U-107 to the double-shell tank (DST) system during the performance period. Tank U-107 has been identified as posing the highest long-term risk to the Columbia River of all single shell tanks (SSTs). This is because of the high content of mobile, long-lived radionuclides mostly in the saltcake waste in the tank. To meet current contractual and consent decree commitments, tank U-107 is being prepared for interim stabilization in August 2001. It is currently scheduled for saltcake retrieval in 2023, near the end of the SST retrieval campaign because of a lack of infrastructure in U-Farm. The proof-of-concept test will install a system to dissolve and retrieve a portion of the saltcake as part of, and operating in parallel with, the standard interim stabilization system to be installed on tank U-107. This proof-of-concept should provide key information on spray nozzle selection and effective spray patterns, leak detection, monitoring, and mitigation (LDMM) and in-tank saltcake solubility data that will help in the design of a full-tank retrieval demonstration system.
Book Synopsis Tank Waste Retrieval, Processing, and On-site Disposal at Three Department of Energy Sites by : National Research Council
Download or read book Tank Waste Retrieval, Processing, and On-site Disposal at Three Department of Energy Sites written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2006-09-12 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: DOE Tank Waste: How clean is clean enough? The U.S. Congress asked the National Academies to evaluate the Department of Energy's (DOE's) plans for cleaning up defense-related radioactive wastes stored in underground tanks at three sites: the Hanford Site in Washington State, the Savannah River Site in South Carolina, and the Idaho National Laboratory. DOE plans to remove the waste from the tanks, separate out high-level radioactive waste to be shipped to an off-site geological repository, and dispose of the remaining lower-activity waste onsite. The report concludes that DOE's overall plan is workable, but some important challenges must be overcomeâ€"including the removal of residual waste from some tanks, especially at Hanford and Savannah River. The report recommends that DOE pursue a more risk-informed, consistent, participatory, and transparent for making decisions about how much waste to retrieve from tanks and how much to dispose of onsite. The report offers several other detailed recommendations to improve the technical soundness of DOE's tank cleanup plans.
Book Synopsis Process Control Plan for Single-shell Tank Saltcake Dissolution Proof-of-concept by : Scott D. Estey
Download or read book Process Control Plan for Single-shell Tank Saltcake Dissolution Proof-of-concept written by Scott D. Estey and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Saltcake Dissolution FY 2000 Status Report by :
Download or read book Saltcake Dissolution FY 2000 Status Report written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 61 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Laboratory tests were completed on the dissolution characteristics of Hanford saltcake waste from single-shell waste tanks 241-TX- 113, 241-BY-102, 241-BY-106, 241-A-101, and 241-S-102 (henceforth referred to as TX-113, BY-102, BY-106, A-101, and S-102, respectively). This work was funded by the Tanks Focus Area (EM-50) under Technical Task Plan Number RL0-8-WT-41, ''PHMC Pretreatment--Saltcake Dissolution''. The tests performed on saltcake from tank TX-113 were similar in scope to those completed in previous years on waste from tanks BY-102, BY-106, B-106, A-101, and S-102 (Herting 1998, 1999). In addition to the ''standard'' dissolution tests, new types of tests were performed this year related to feed stability and radionuclide distribution. The River Protection Project (RPP) is tasked with retrieving waste from double-shell and single-shell tanks to provide feed for vitrification. The RPP organization needs chemical and physical data to evaluate technologies for retrieving the waste. Little significant laboratory testing has been done to evaluate in-tank dissolution parameters for the various types of saltcake wastes that exist in single-shell tanks. A computer modeling program known as the Environmental Simulation Program (ESP), produced by OLI Systems, Inc of Morris Plains, New Jersey, is being used by the RPP organization to predict solubilities during dilution and retrieval of all tank waste types. Data from this task are provided to ESP users to support evaluation, refinement, and validation of the ESP model.
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Book Synopsis Saltcake Dissolution FY 2002 Status Report by :
Download or read book Saltcake Dissolution FY 2002 Status Report written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Laboratory tests were completed on the dissolution characteristics of Hanford saltcake waste from single-shell waste tanks 241-B-109 and 241-SX-101 (henceforth referred to as B-109 and SX-101). The River Protection Project (RPP) is tasked with retrieving waste from double-shell and single-shell tanks to provide feed for vitrification. The RPP organization needs chemical and physical data to evaluate technologies for retrieving the waste. Little relevant laboratory testing has been done to evaluate in-tank dissolution parameters for the various types of saltcake wastes that exist in single-shell tanks. A computer modeling program known as the Environmental Simulation Program (ESP), produced by OLI Systems, Inc. of Morris Plains, New Jersey, is being used by the RPP organization to predict solubilities during dilution and retrieval of all tank waste types. Data from this task are provided to ESP users to support evaluation, refinement, and validation of the ESP model. Cascade (or ''stepwise'') dissolution tests were performed on composite saltcake samples from both tanks. The purpose of these tests is to evaluate the solid/liquid phase distribution of chemicals and radionuclides during tank waste retrieval operations. Solid phase identification tests were also performed on saltcake from both tanks. Weight percent (wt%) dilution is defined in this report as 100 times the weight of diluent (water or 2 M NaOH solution) divided by the weight of undiluted saltcake composite sample. A 50% dilution, for example, would be 50 g of H2O (or 50 g of 2 M NaOH) added to 100 g of undiluted composite sample. Volume percent (Vol%) dilution is defined as 100 times the volume of diluent divided by the calculated volume of undiluted sample. Weight percent dilutions are measured directly by weighing the undiluted sample and diluent. Volume percent dilutions are estimated from the known volume of diluent and calculated volume of undiluted sample.
Book Synopsis Bench Scale Saltcake Dissolution Test Report by :
Download or read book Bench Scale Saltcake Dissolution Test Report written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A potential scenario for retrieving saltcake from single shell tanks is the ''Rainbird[reg-sign] sprinkler'' method. Water is distributed evenly across the surface of the saltcake and allowed to percolate by gravity through the waste. The salt dissolves in the water, forming a saturated solution. The saturated liquid is removed by a saltwell pump situated near the bottom of the tank. By this method, there is never a large inventory of liquid in the tank that could pose a threat of leakage. There are many variables or factors that can influence the hydrodynamics of this retrieval process. They include saltcake porosity; saltwell pumping rate; salt dissolution chemistry; factors that could promote flow channeling (e.g. tank walls, dry wells, inclusions or discontinuities in the saltcake); method of water distribution; plug formation due to crystal formations or accumulation of insoluble solids. A brief literature search indicates that very little experimental data exist on these aspects of saltcake dissolution (Wiersma 1996, 1997). The tests reported here were planned (Herting, 2000) to provide preliminary data and information for planning future, scaled-up tests of the sprinkler method.
Book Synopsis TANK 241-U-107 SALTCAKE DISSOLUTION PROOF OF CONCEPT RETRIEVAL DEMONSTRATION OPERATIONAL RESULTS. by :
Download or read book TANK 241-U-107 SALTCAKE DISSOLUTION PROOF OF CONCEPT RETRIEVAL DEMONSTRATION OPERATIONAL RESULTS. written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 105 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This document presents the results of the salt cake dissolution proof-of-concept retrieval demonstration conducted in tank 241-U-107. A water distribution system was operated in conjunction with the interim stabilization saltwell pumping equipment to retrieve and remove additional waste from the tank.
Book Synopsis Hanford Supplemental Waste Processing Technologies - Fiscal Year 2003 Recommendations for Selective Dissolution Studies and Radioactive Waste Preparation by : Phillip A. Gauglitz
Download or read book Hanford Supplemental Waste Processing Technologies - Fiscal Year 2003 Recommendations for Selective Dissolution Studies and Radioactive Waste Preparation written by Phillip A. Gauglitz and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This document describes two tasks that support CH2M Hill Hanford Group's (CHG) Mission Acceleration Initiative (MAI) testing and demonstration/deployment of supplemental technologies, but the tasks are not to be part of the vendor's scope. The vendor's will be provided samples of radioactive waste for their testing. This document describes the preparation of the radioactive waste samples. CHG is responsible to retrieve the saltcake waste from the single-shell tanks and expects to dissolve the waste using water dissolution. When water dissolves the waste the more soluble components of the waste (including cesium) will dissolve first, leaving the lesser soluble components of the waste in the tank. This phenomenon, termed selective dissolution, is expected to provide a partial separation of cesium from the waste. This document also describes a program involving tank dissolution demonstrations, modeling, and laboratory testing to more completely understand how the composition of the retrieved salt cake waste will change during the course of retrieval.
Book Synopsis Saltcake Dissolution FY 1998 Status Report by :
Download or read book Saltcake Dissolution FY 1998 Status Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A laboratory scouting study was completed on the dissolution characteristics of Hanford waste from three single-shell waste tanks: 241-BY-102, 241-BY-106, and 241-B-106. Gross dissolution behavior (percent undissolved solids as a function of dilution) is explained in terms of characteristics of individual salts in the waste. The percentage of the sodium inventory retrievable from the tanks by dissolving saltcake at reasonable dilution levels is estimated at 86% of the total sodium for tank BY-102, 98% for BY-106, and 79% for B-106.
Book Synopsis Removal of 137Cs from Dissolved Hanford Tank Saltcake by Treatment with IE-911 by :
Download or read book Removal of 137Cs from Dissolved Hanford Tank Saltcake by Treatment with IE-911 written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The U.S. Department of Energy's Richland Operations Office plans to accelerate the cleanup of the Hanford Site. Testing new technology for the accelerated cleanup will require dissolved saltcake from single-shell tanks. However, the 137Cs will need to be removed from the saltcake to alleviate radiation hazards. A saltcake composite constructed from archived samples from Hanford Single Shell Tanks 241-S-101, 241-S-109, 241-S-110, 241-S-111, 241-U-106, and 241-U-109 was dissolved in water, adjusted to 5 M Na, and transferred from the 222-S building to the Radiochemical Processing Laboratory (RPL). At the RPL, the approximately 5.5 liters of solution was passed through a 0.2-micron polyethersulfone filter, collected, and homogenized. The filtered solution then was passed through an ion exchange column containing approximately 150 mL IONSIV IE-911, an engineered form of crystalline silicotitanate available from UOP, at approximately 200 mL/hour in a continuous operation until all of the feed solution had been run through the column. An analysis of the 137Cs concentrations in the initial feed solution and combined column effluent indicates that> 99.999 percent of the Cs in the feed solution was removed by this operation. This report describes the Cs-depletion operations together with a partial analysis of the as-received solution and a more extensive characterization of the Cs-depleted solution.
Book Synopsis Hanford Single Shell Tank Saltcake Cesium Removal Test Plan by :
Download or read book Hanford Single Shell Tank Saltcake Cesium Removal Test Plan written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This document provides the test preparation and conduct of a cesium removal test using Hanford Single Shell Tank Saltcake from tanks 241-BY-110, 241-U-108, 241 U 109, 241-A-101, and 241-S-102 in a benchscale column. The cesium sorbent to be tested is crystalline silicotitanate.
Book Synopsis Removal of 137Cs from Dissolved Hanford Tank Saltcake by Treatment with IE-911 by : Brian M. Rapko
Download or read book Removal of 137Cs from Dissolved Hanford Tank Saltcake by Treatment with IE-911 written by Brian M. Rapko and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
