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Saliva Secretion And Epithelial Transport
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Book Synopsis Saliva Secretion and Epithelial Transport by : Oliver J. MacLaren
Download or read book Saliva Secretion and Epithelial Transport written by Oliver J. MacLaren and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 191 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Saliva secretion, produced by the epithelial cells of the salivary glands, is required for the basic functions of eating and speaking, as well as the maintenance of oral health and comfort. Epithelia in general provide crucial barrier, homeostatic, absorptive and secretory functions in the body. This thesis presents original contributions to the understanding of fluid and solute transport by the salivary glands and other epithelia. Despite many years of investigation, debates over mechanisms and pathways of transport remain. Focus was given here to mathematical and computational investigation of water transport via the osmotic mechanism and its coupling to underlying mechanisms of ion transport. The effect of aquaporin knockout studies, acinus structure and different patterns of calcium signalling on this coupling was investigated. Quasi-steady-state, perturbation and scaling methods were used to analyse dynamic, cellular and multicellular mathematical models of osmotically-driven primary saliva secretion. Comparisons between different epithelia were carried out through the use of a simple, general model of fluid transport applicable to both secretory and absorptive epithelia. These analyses were used to provide new interpretations and understanding of aquaporin knockout experiments in the salivary glands and epithelia in general. The effect of asynchronous calcium signals on cellular saliva secretion was analysed by deriving a new approximate mathematical model. This captured the key features of a more complex computational model developed by other researchers at the University of Auckland. A novel application of rearrangement inequalities was used to analyse global model properties. The dynamic coupling of saliva secretion was found to be positively affected by small lumenal volumes and large water permeabilities. Secretion was shown to be maximised when calcium signal delays between membranes are short. These results are significant because both observations are consistent with the relatively long, thin intercellular canaliculi of salivary acini having important functional roles, such as globalisation of calcium signals and enhancement of osmotic coupling. Transcellular osmosis was found to sufficiently predict the results of aquaporin and combined aquaporin/claudin knockout studies, despite recent opinions to the contrary. We found that significant tight-junctional water fluxes likely do not exist, or at least give no better explanation of non-aquaporin-mediated water transport than remaining cellular permeability. These results are significant because they provide clear quantitative interpretations for knockout studies. This is crucial for predicting and optimising future medical treatments that utilise genetic knockins/ knockouts.
Book Synopsis Epithelial Secretion of Water and Electrolytes by : John A. Young
Download or read book Epithelial Secretion of Water and Electrolytes written by John A. Young and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 375 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume aims to give a comprehensive overview of the cellular mechanisms underlying the process of secretion in vertebrate, particularly mammalian, exocrine glands. The subject matter is divided into two sections. The first section deals with general aspects of secretion, including chapters on the roles of ion channels in secretion. Signal transduction is also covered, and several chapters deal with recently developed investigative techniques that offer promise as tools for the further investigation of exocrine secretory processes. The second section deals with secretion in a selection of exocrine organs: salivary glands, lacrimal glands, the pancreas, gastric mucosa, liver, epididymis, and vertebrate salt glands. A final chapter deals with cystic fibrosis, the common, fatal, inherited disease, which affects exocrine glands particularly severely.
Book Synopsis Computational Modelling of Fluid and Ion Transport in the Epithelial Cell by : Shelley Fong
Download or read book Computational Modelling of Fluid and Ion Transport in the Epithelial Cell written by Shelley Fong and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 149 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Secretory epithelia line organs in the human body, and exquisitely control fluid and solute transport between interior and external cavities. Dysregulation results in abnormal fluid secretion rates, leading to disease. We developed a mathematical model of a generic epithelial cell to simulate these transport processes. This system can be adapted to model transport across different epithelia - here, it was used to obtain insight into normal and pathological conditions in salivary and alveolar epithelia. Regarding saliva secretion, clinical trials have shown that irradiated parotid glands with low salivary output saw a partial restoration following transfection of aquaporin, contradicting the traditional view which predicted that fluid be absorbed out of saliva instead. To help explain this, several units of the single cell were combined into a model of the parotid duct. Model results were most aligned to experimental data when a subgroup of water permeable cells were introduced to the proximal duct, and received the majority of the transfected aquaporin. Coupled with alterations in channel expression, these changes led to increased secretion, and predicted higher bicarbonate content in the final saliva. We also fitted the generic model with characteristics of an alveolar epithelial cell, and compared against experimental observations. At baseline, it was found that the cell was absorptive, where transcellular sodium flux dominated; chloride flux was 200 times smaller. It was found that blocking the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator had limited impact at baseline, but was the key to the transport of fluid in both normal and edematous states. Nucleotide signalling was also incorporated into the alveolar cell model, where mechanical forces increased the rate of nucleotide secretion. We found that periodic stretch increased apical liquid volume, which led to flooding at prolonged straining beyond the range of tidal breathing. Desensitisation of purinoceptors helped prevent flooding if there were high adenosine triphosphate levels. Functional apical chloride transport was necessary for fluid secretion into the lumen. Our generic model shows that regulation of fluid transport is complex. By reproducing trends that were observed experimentally, the model could be used to highlight pathways to be exploited in the treatment of diseases induced by defective transport.
Book Synopsis Understanding Saliva Secretion Through Mathematical Modelling by : Elías Vera Sigüenza
Download or read book Understanding Saliva Secretion Through Mathematical Modelling written by Elías Vera Sigüenza and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 97 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hyposalivation is a burden for many individuals. Medications and therapies to treat cancer and other diseases increase the risk of poor salivary flow. This thesis aims to contribute to the vast research devoted to saliva production. It focuses on the secretory machinery of the salivary gland acinar cell. Although the molecular mechanisms involved are well known, their transport properties remain controversial. In these epithelia the driving force for fluid secretion is generated by the transcellular passage of Cl- ions. A basolateral Na+-K+-2Cl- cotransporter, energised by a Na+/K+ ATPase pump, promotes the accumulation of Cl- above its equilibrium potential. Studies have demonstrated that disruption of the cotransporter’s activity partially impairs salivation, indicating the presence of a parallel mechanism that supports Cl- uptake. Recent experiments revealed that under sustained salivation, mice glands devoid of Na+-dependent Cl-/HCO- 3 anion exchanger 4 (Ae4) expression exhibit a decreased secretion rate. In contrast, mice lacking the Cl-/HCO- 3 anion exchanger 2 (Ae2) display a normal salivary flow. The result is contradictory to previous hypotheses that suggest the Ae2 is an important Cl- uptake pathway involved in fluid transport. We developed a realistic computational representation of the acinar cell that extends previous models to account for a paired pH regulating and HCO- 3 -dependent Cl- uptake system. We investigate the extent of its involvement in fluid secretion through Ae2 and Ae4 knockout simulations. Under salivation conditions the Ae4 knockout model exhibits a 26% reduction in salivary flow rate. Removal of the Ae2, on the other hand, did not affect secretion. Based on a careful analysis of the model results and predictions, we claim that this may be a direct consequence of the Ae4 cotransport properties. To verify our results we also performed Cl- uptake simulations. These consisted in removing nearly all intracellular Cl- and allowing the cell to retake the ion exclusively through the Ae2 and Ae4 mechanisms. The Ae4 null model displayed a lower Cl- uptake rate compared to the Ae2 knockout, whose uptake rate was nearly identical to the control cell. The results of this study indicate that expression of the Ae4 exchanger is crucial for fluid transport during secretion of salivary gland acinar cells.
Book Synopsis Advances in Salivary Diagnostics by : Charles F. Streckfus
Download or read book Advances in Salivary Diagnostics written by Charles F. Streckfus and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-02-03 with total page 213 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reviews the progress made in salivary diagnostics during the past two decades and identifies the likely direction of future endeavors. After an introductory section describing the histological and anatomical features of the salivary glands and salivary function, salivary collection devices and diagnostic platforms are reviewed. The field of “salivaomics” is then considered in detail, covering, for example, proteomics, the peptidome, DNA and RNA analysis, biomarkers, and methods for biomarker discovery. Salivary diagnostics for oral and systemic diseases are thoroughly discussed, and the role of salivary gland tissue engineering for future diagnostics is explored. The book closes by considering legal issues and barriers to salivary diagnostic development. Advances in Salivary Diagnostics will be an informative and stimulating reference for both practitioners and students.
Book Synopsis Saliva and Salivation by : Tivadar Zelles
Download or read book Saliva and Salivation written by Tivadar Zelles and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Models of Calcium Signalling by : Geneviève Dupont
Download or read book Models of Calcium Signalling written by Geneviève Dupont and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-06-07 with total page 453 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses the ways in which mathematical, computational, and modelling methods can be used to help understand the dynamics of intracellular calcium. The concentration of free intracellular calcium is vital for controlling a wide range of cellular processes, and is thus of great physiological importance. However, because of the complex ways in which the calcium concentration varies, it is also of great mathematical interest.This book presents the general modelling theory as well as a large number of specific case examples, to show how mathematical modelling can interact with experimental approaches, in an interdisciplinary and multifaceted approach to the study of an important physiological control mechanism. Geneviève Dupont is FNRS Research Director at the Unit of Theoretical Chronobiology of the Université Libre de Bruxelles; Martin Falcke is head of the Mathematical Cell Physiology group at the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin; Vivien Kirk is an Associate Professor in the Department of Mathematics at the University of Auckland, New Zealand; James Sneyd is a Professor in the Department of Mathematics at The University of Auckland, New Zealand.
Book Synopsis Basic Epithelial Ion Transport Principles and Function by : Kirk L. Hamilton
Download or read book Basic Epithelial Ion Transport Principles and Function written by Kirk L. Hamilton and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-11-26 with total page 563 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses unique ion channels and transporters that are located within epithelial tissues of various organs including the kidney, intestine, pancreas and respiratory tract. As the authors show, these channels and transporters play crucial roles in transepithelial ion and fluid transport across epithelia and their contribution to maintaining homeostasis. Readers will be introduced to the fundamentals of ion transport in terms of function, modelling, regulation, structure and pharmacology. This is the first of three volumes highlighting the importance of epithelial ion channels and transporters in basic physiology and pathophysiology of human diseases. This volume focuses on basic fundamentals of epithelial transport physiology. There is a range of chapters dedicated to specific aspects of epithelial ion transport and cell function. Accordingly, the authors discuss techniques used to determine epithelial function, principles of epithelia transport, polarization of epithelial cells, mathematical modelling of epithelial ion transport, protein folding of ion channels, degradation epithelial ion channels, fundamentals of epithelial sodium, potassium and chloride transport, fundamentals of bicarbonate secretion, volume regulation, and microRNA regulation of epithelial channels and transporters. Given its scope, Volume 1 offers a valuable resource for physiology students, scientists and clinicians alike.
Author :Abigail S. Tucker Publisher :Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers ISBN 13 :3805594062 Total Pages :157 pages Book Rating :4.8/5 (55 download)
Book Synopsis Salivary Glands by : Abigail S. Tucker
Download or read book Salivary Glands written by Abigail S. Tucker and published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 2010-01-01 with total page 157 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Salivary glands are of utmost importance for several physiological functions ranging from the protection of teeth and surrounding soft tissues to the lubrication of the oral cavity, which is crucial for speech and perception of food taste. This publication highlights specific aspects of salivary gland development, investigating the mechanisms involved in embryonic development, the current research in stem cells, the ability of adult glands to regenerate and the signalling pathways involved in this process. Key stages of salivary gland development, moving from initiation to differentiation of the glands, are discussed, as well as unusual adaptations, ranging from making silk to making venom. The book finally provides new data on surgical techniques and diagnostic tools for clinicians involved in salivary gland disorders. Researchers and students with an interest in craniofacial sciences as well as clinicians dealing with salivary gland disorders will find this publication an excellent source of up-to-date information.
Book Synopsis Natural Ventilation for Infection Control in Health-care Settings by : Y. Chartier
Download or read book Natural Ventilation for Infection Control in Health-care Settings written by Y. Chartier and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2009 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This guideline defines ventilation and then natural ventilation. It explores the design requirements for natural ventilation in the context of infection control, describing the basic principles of design, construction, operation and maintenance for an effective natural ventilation system to control infection in health-care settings.
Book Synopsis Anatomy and Physiology by : J. Gordon Betts
Download or read book Anatomy and Physiology written by J. Gordon Betts and published by . This book was released on 2013-04-25 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Polyphenols: Prevention and Treatment of Human Disease by : Ronald Ross Watson
Download or read book Polyphenols: Prevention and Treatment of Human Disease written by Ronald Ross Watson and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-08-06 with total page 486 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polyphenols in Prevention and Treatment of Human Disease, Second Edition authoritatively covers evidence of the powerful health benefits of polyphenols, touching on cardiovascular disease, cancer, obesity, diabetes and osteoporosis. This collection represents the contributions of an international group of experts in polyphenol research who share their expertise in endocrinology, public health, cardiology, pharmacology, agriculture and veterinary science. Researchers from diverse backgrounds will gain insight into how clinical observations and practices can feed back into the research cycle, thus allowing them to develop more targeted insights into the mechanisms of disease. This reference fills a void in research where nutritionists and alternative therapies may be applicable. Describes polyphenol modulation of blood flow and oxygenation as a potential mechanism of protection against vascular atherosclerosis Describes how polyphenols and antioxidants frequently change immune defenses and actions Focuses on the most important areas of research and provides insights into their relationships and translational opportunities
Book Synopsis Oral Biology by : Gregory J. Seymour
Download or read book Oral Biology written by Gregory J. Seymour and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-11-23 with total page 523 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This fully revised new edition explores advances in the prevention and treatment of oral diseases. Beyond the updated chapters, the book delves into regenerative biology, gene editing and the use of CRISPR in oral biology, as well as histone acetylation and deacetylation methods, further reflecting advances in the application of molecular techniques to oral biology. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step and readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and up-to-date, Oral Biology: Molecular Techniques and Applications, Third Edition serves as an ideal basic resource not only for new researchers but also for experienced scientists wishing to expand their research platform into new areas of this vital field.
Book Synopsis Histopathology of the Salivary Glands by : Henrik Hellquist
Download or read book Histopathology of the Salivary Glands written by Henrik Hellquist and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-09-09 with total page 458 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the last 25 years it has become more and more evident that salivary gland pathology is by far the subject within head and neck pathology that causes most diagnostic challenges and problems for general pathologists. During courses the author has given, consultants and trainees alike have expressed the lack of a comprehensive, useful book on salivary gland pathology. Such a book needs to be broad and to illustrate almost every variant of all tumor entities. Another important feature to incorporate is the newly gained knowledge about genetics in salivary gland tumors, a knowledge that has emerged during the last 3-4 years only (and is growing continuously). A mapping of the immunophenotypes of salivary gland tumors is neither available today and will greatly benefit in routine diagnostic work.
Book Synopsis Oral Processing and Consumer Perception by : Bettina Wolf
Download or read book Oral Processing and Consumer Perception written by Bettina Wolf and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2022-02-02 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first book for some years that provides a comprehensive overview of food oral processing including the biomechanics of swallowing, the biophysics of mouthfeel and texture as well as the biochemistry of flavours and how food microstructures can be manipulated.
Author :A.J.M. Ligtenberg Publisher :Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers ISBN 13 :3318025968 Total Pages :168 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (18 download)
Book Synopsis Saliva: Secretion and Functions by : A.J.M. Ligtenberg
Download or read book Saliva: Secretion and Functions written by A.J.M. Ligtenberg and published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 2014-05-31 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Health professionals are more and more aware of the importance of saliva for oral health and well-being. As saliva secretion is steadily compromised with advancing age, it becomes a factor of concern in societies with an aging population, especially with a growing number of people who keep their own teeth. The numerous functions of saliva, like antimicrobial activity, lubrication, wound healing and its role in taste experience are only truly recognized when saliva secretion is hampered. In medical diagnostics, saliva shows its value as a safe and economical alternative to blood. This publication provides a comprehensive overview of the latest developments in salivary research by some of the world’s leading experts in the field. Chapters deal with various aspects: anatomy and physiology, e.g. regeneration of salivary glands, saliva functions, e.g. its protective and rheological properties, and diagnostics and disorders, e.g. xerostomia and hypersalivation. This book is not only recommended to basic scientists working in the field of oral biology, but also to dental students, dentists and health professionals who want to know more about one of the most underestimated bodily fluids.
Book Synopsis Cell to Cell Signalling by : A. Goldbeter
Download or read book Cell to Cell Signalling written by A. Goldbeter and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2014-06-28 with total page 672 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cell to Cell Signalling: From Experiments to Theoretical Models is a collection of papers from a NATO Workshop conducted in Belgium in September 1988. The book discusses nerve cells and neural networks involved in signal transfers. The works of Hodgkin and Huxley presents a prototypic combination between experimental and theoretical approaches. The book discusses the coupling process found between secretory cells that modify their behavior. The text also analyzes morphogenesis and development, and then emphasizes the pattern formation found in Drosophila and in the amphibian embryo. The text also cite examples of immunological modeling that is related to the dynamics of immune networks based on idiotypic regulation. One paper analyzes the immune dynamism of HIV infection. The text notes that hormone signaling can be attributed as responsible for intercellular communication. Another paper examines how the dominant follicle in the ovarian cycle is selected, as well as the effectiveness of hormone secretion responsible for encoding the frequency of occurrence of periodic signals. The book also discusses heart signal sources such as cardiac dynamics and the response of periodically excited cardiac cells. The text can prove valuable for practioners in the field of neurology and cardiovascular medicine, and for researchers in molecular biology and molecular chemistry.
