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Run Sprint Interval Training Perceived As Highly Enjoyable Despite High Session Rpe In Sedentary Overweight Obese Women
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Book Synopsis Run Sprint Interval Training Perceived as Highly Enjoyable Despite High Session RPE in Sedentary, Overweight/obese Women by :
Download or read book Run Sprint Interval Training Perceived as Highly Enjoyable Despite High Session RPE in Sedentary, Overweight/obese Women written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Purpose: The present study compared the effect of a 12-week run-sprint interval training (R-SIT) and moderate intensity training (MIT) on perceived enjoyment and exercise adherence in sedentary, overweight/obese women (n=15; age 25-45). Methods: Over 12-weeks, subjects in the R-SIT group progressed from 4 to 10 thirty second sprints each session, and the MIT group progressed from 30 to 60 minutes of continuous moderate intensity cardiovascular exercise. PACES, session RPE, intentions to modify activity behavior, attendance, VO2max, and body fat percentage were recorded in both groups. Results: There was a significant difference in session RPE between groups, and within the R-SIT group from baseline to 12-weeks. Body composition and VO2max both improved significantly. Discussion: Primary findings were that there were no significant differences in perceived enjoyment or session attendance. High session RPE was not associated with lower enjoyment or lower adherence. Secondary findings showed significant improvements in VO2max for both groups, as well as significant improvements in body composition in the R-SIT group.
Book Synopsis Effects of Running Sprint Interval Training Versus Traditional Endurance Exercise on Metabolic Indices in Sedentary, Overweight and Obese Women by :
Download or read book Effects of Running Sprint Interval Training Versus Traditional Endurance Exercise on Metabolic Indices in Sedentary, Overweight and Obese Women written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Effect of Run Sprint Interval Training on Prediabetic Adults by :
Download or read book The Effect of Run Sprint Interval Training on Prediabetic Adults written by and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine if Health Related Quality of Life (HRQOL) and perceived exercise enjoyment are greater in a run sprint interval training (RSIT) group compared to a moderate intensity training (MIT) group in sedentary, prediabetic adults after an 8-week intervention. Methods: Over 8-weeks, subjects in the RSIT group progressed from 4 to 6 30-second sprints per session, and the MIT group progressed from 30 to 60 minutes of continuous moderate intensity exercise. Participants in both groups completed 8-weeks of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Diabetes Prevention Program educational classes. HRQOL (assessed by the CDC 4-item Healthy Days Core Module), perceived exercise enjoyment (assessed by the physical activity enjoyment scale, PACES), exercise adherence, VO2max, and body composition were assessed in both groups. Results: There was no significant difference from baseline to 8-weeks in Healthy Days in the RSIT group (p = 0.833) or the MIT group (p = 0.080). There were also no significant differences between or within groups at baseline or 8-weeks for self-reported days of negative physical health, mental health, or affected usual days scores. There was no significant difference in exercise adherence between the MIT (20.75±2.71 sessions) and RSIT (20.57±1.40 sessions) groups. There was no significant difference between groups in perceived enjoyment, however there was a significant increase from baseline to 8-weeks in the MIT group (11.88±12.38; p = 0.030). 8-weeks of MIT significantly improved body composition measures including body weight (-9.35±6.21; p = 0.004), % body fat (-2.015±1.88; p = 0.019), body mass index (-1.21±1.07; p = 0.015), and % lean mass (2.05±1.84; p = 0.016). RSIT significantly improved VO2max (mL/kg/min) (1.84±1.70; p = 0.028) over 8-weeks. Discussion: The practicalimplications of there being no significant difference between RSIT and MIT in perceived exercise enjoyment, exercise adherence, or HRQOL shows participants can choose their exercise preference. A significant improvement in PACES scores for the MIT may be a result of stronger social relationships formed. 8-weeks may have proven to not be long enough to see significant between or within group differences in HRQOL scores.
Book Synopsis Science and Application of High-Intensity Interval Training by : Laursen, Paul
Download or read book Science and Application of High-Intensity Interval Training written by Laursen, Paul and published by Human Kinetics. This book was released on 2019 with total page 672 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The popularity of high-intensity interval training (HIIT), which consists primarily of repeated bursts of high-intensity exercise, continues to soar because its effectiveness and efficiency have been proven in use by both elite athletes and general fitness enthusiasts. Surprisingly, few resources have attempted to explain both the science behind the HIIT movement and its sport-specific application to athlete training. That’s why Science and Application of High-Intensity Interval Training is a must-have resource for sport coaches, strength and conditioning professionals, personal trainers, and exercise physiologists, as well as for researchers and sport scientists who study high-intensity interval training.
Book Synopsis A 16-week Run Sprint Interval Training Does Not Have an Effect on Cardiovascular Risk Measured by Framingham Risk Score on Prediabetic Women by :
Download or read book A 16-week Run Sprint Interval Training Does Not Have an Effect on Cardiovascular Risk Measured by Framingham Risk Score on Prediabetic Women written by and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 75 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Framingham risk score (FRS) was developed to determine the likelihood of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the next 10 years using an individual's age, gender, total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), smoking habits, and systolic blood pressure (SBP). Run-sprint interval training (R-SIT) has shown improvements in various health and blood markers while reducing total exercise time. To date there has not been a study that examines the effects of R-SIT and moderate intensity training (MIT) on framingham risk. The purpose of this study was to determine if a reduction of the 10-year risk of CVD (determined by Framingham CVD risk calculator), is greater in an R-SIT experimental group compared to a moderate intensity group (MIT) of sedentary prediabetic women, after a 16-week intervention. Participants were randomized into R-SIT (n=6) or MIT (n=9) groups and required to attend 3 weekly training sessions and 1 weekly Diabetes Prevention Program session for 16-weeks. During the first 4 weeks, R-SIT performed 4x30s maximal sprints on a treadmill at a self-selected speed and incline, followed by a 4-min active recovery between intervals. Intervals increased by 2 every 4 weeks. MIT walked continuously at 45-55% Heart Rate Reserve for 30-mins during the first 4 weeks, and increased by 10-mins every 4 weeks. FRS markers were measured at baseline, mid, and post intervention. After 16-weeks of exercise training, there was a significant time by group interaction in weight, Body Mass Index (BMI), and Body Fat Percent (BF%). T-tests indicate MIT significantly decreased in weight (-2.60+1.32 kg), BF% (-1.58+1.54), and BMI (-2.42+1.32 kg). R-SIT significantly changed in BF% from baseline to mid (-2.33+0.72) and mid to post (+1.53+0.46), but not from baseline to post (-2.16+2.53). Additionally, there was a trend toward significant improvements in BMI (p=0.078) and lean body mass (p=0.059) (-0.85+0.06 kg/m2, +1.05+0.46 kg, respectively). Lastly, R-SIT participants also significantly decreased changes in TGs from midline to post (-23.33+17.92 mg/dL). Though FRS and Vascular Age (VA) were significantly different between groups at all three time points, there were no significant within-group changes observed The major findings of this study were that after 16-weeks of exercise training, MIT had significant within-group decreases for weight, BMI, and BF%, while R-SIT significantly decreased BF% and increased VO2max (mLkg-1min-1). In conclusion, though previous R-SIT and HIIT studies have suggested improved body composition and cardiovascular risk factors when compared to MIT, the present study only observed significant changes in body composition and minimal changes to CVD risk factors. Additional research is needed to further understand the effects of R-SIT on blood lipid profiles and its relationship with CVD, especially in the clinical population.
Book Synopsis High-Intensity Interval Training for Women by : Sean Bartram
Download or read book High-Intensity Interval Training for Women written by Sean Bartram and published by Penguin. This book was released on 2015-08-17 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Burn fat, lose weight, and reach your fitness goals faster with high-intensity interval training! High-intensity interval training, or HIIT, is a fantastic way to lose weight and get strong by performing very short bursts of targeted exercise. The beauty of HIIT is that it works fast and the workouts are very short — which means you don't have to dedicate a lot of time to working out, but you’ll still get great results. High-Intensity Interval Training for Women is a step-by-step, highly visual guide packed with exercises, workouts, and multi-day programs all tailored to help you reach your fitness goals, and help you do it in the time you have. Here’s what you’ll get with this complete guide: • 60 exercises that can be done anywhere and cover all the major muscle groups, with special emphasis on the core and lower body, where women often look for results first • Clear, step-by-step instructions and beautiful photography to illustrate every exercise • Over 45 routines designed for readers of all fitness levels, plus four multi-day challenges that range from three days all the way up to 28 days • Expert guidance how HIIT works, pre- and post-workout stretching, goal setting, and nutrition to help get you started and keep you on the right track to achieving your fitness goals If you're looking for an incredibly efficient and effective way to get strong and also get the body you want, then HIIT is your answer, and High-Intensity Interval Training for Women is the only guide you’ll need!
Book Synopsis The Effects of Low Volume High Intensity Interval Training Vs. Periodized High Intensity Interval Training on Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Sedentary Women with Obesity by : Amy Clark
Download or read book The Effects of Low Volume High Intensity Interval Training Vs. Periodized High Intensity Interval Training on Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Sedentary Women with Obesity written by Amy Clark and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To investigate effects of two high intensity interval training (HIIT) regimes on changes in maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), O2 pulse and ventilatory threshold (VT) in obese, sedentary women. Methods: 17 obese sedentary women (age and BMI=37.5±10.5 years and 39.0±4.7 kg/m2) participated in a six-week exercise intervention with three training sessions per week. Participants were randomized to low volume HIIT (LOW) (n=9, VO2max=21.5±3.2 mL/kg/min) or periodized HIIT (PER) (n=8, VO2max=17.3±2.4mL/kg/min). VO2max and peak power output (PPO) were measured on a cycle ergometer at baseline and at 3 and at 6 weeks using a ramp exercise test. Women in LOW completed repeated 60 second bouts of HIIT at 70-85% PPO; whereas, women in PER performed a different number of bouts and intensities each week. Results: There was a significant difference in relative (p=0.002; LOW: 21.5±3.2 vs. 22.5±3.2 mL/kg/min; PER: 17.3±2.41 vs. 18.0±2.2 mL/kg/min) and absolute (p=0.001; LOW: 2.1±0.3 vs. 2.2±0.3 L/min; PER: 1.9±0.4 vs. 2.0±0.3 L/min) VO2max across time, but no interaction (p=0.79 and p=0.53). There was no change in VT expressed as VT % VO2max (p=0.24) yet there was a group X time interaction (p=0.043). VT expressed in Watts was significantly different over time (p=0.001) but there was no group X time interaction (p=0.09). O2 pulse significantly increased from pre- to post-training (p=.003) but there was no time X group interaction (p=0.95). Conclusion: Although there were no significant differences between regimes, HIIT elicits significant changes in VO2max, O2 pulse and VT in sedentary women with obesity, which are improve health status.
Book Synopsis Perceptual Responses to High-Intensity Interval Training in Overweight and Sedentary Individuals by : Nicholas Martinez
Download or read book Perceptual Responses to High-Intensity Interval Training in Overweight and Sedentary Individuals written by Nicholas Martinez and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The four experimental conditions were all matched for total work: 1) continuous at 10% DT (Continuous-Heavy - CH), 2) 24 ? 30-second intervals at 60% DT (Interval-Severe 30 Second - IS30), 3) 12 ? 60-second intervals at 60% DT (Interval-Severe 60 Second - IS60), 4) 6 ? 120-second intervals at 60% DT (Interval-Severe 120 Second - IS120). The continuous exercise condition was 20 minutes in duration, whereas all interval exercise conditions were 24 minutes in duration. Results indicated that in-task perceptual responses defined, as affective valence and perceived enjoyment were overall more favorable during IS30 and IS60 in comparison to CH and IS120. IS30 was the only experimental condition in which affective valence did not decline significantly (p > 0.05). Ratings of perceived enjoyment were greater at all measured time points during IS60 (p
Book Synopsis The Effect of Run Sprint Interval Training on Diabetic Metabolic Markers in Prediabetic Adults by :
Download or read book The Effect of Run Sprint Interval Training on Diabetic Metabolic Markers in Prediabetic Adults written by and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The primary purpose of this study was to compare the effects of an 8-week run-sprint interval training (R-SIT) and continuous moderate-intensity training (MIT) on fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, insulin sensitivity, and -cell function in sedentary, prediabetic adults. Secondary outcomes of the study included anthropometric, body composition variables, and aerobic capacity. Methods: Sedentary, physician diagnosed prediabetic individuals were randomized into R-SIT (n=7, BMI 36.76 ± 9.79) or MIT (n=8, BMI 40.59 ± 12.49) interventions. Subjects participated in supervised exercise three times a week and attended a Diabetes Prevention Program course, once weekly. R-SIT participants performed 4-6 x 30-second "all-out" treadmill sprints, interspersed with a 4-minute active recovery at 2-2.5 mph. MIT participants performed 30-40 minutes of continuous moderate-intensity exercise at 45-55% HRR. Analysis of fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, and fasting insulin were obtained at baseline and 8-weeks. Insulin sensitivity (%) and [beta]-cell function (%) were assessed via HOMA2-IR. Body composition, assessed via dual x-ray absorptiometry, and aerobic capacity assessed during a treadmill ramp protocol, were also obtained before and after 8-weeks of training. Results: Across groups, HbA1c improved across time (p = 0. 042). There were no significant changes in fasting blood glucose, insulin sensitivity, or [beta]-cell function in either group. Relative VO2max significantly improved in the R-SIT participants (+1.63 ± 1.75mL*kg-1*min-1), whereas no change in relative VO2max occurred in the MIT participants. Significant differences in body composition following 8-weeks of exercise occurred only in the MIT group, as measured by body weight (-9.35 ± 6.21 lb.), BMI (-1.21 ± 1.07 kg/m2), BF% (-2.02 ± 1.88%), and LM% (+2.05 ± 1.84%). Conclusion: Eight weeks of exercise improved HbA1c in prediabetic participants. Although no other improvements in glycemic control were demonstrated in either group, R-SIT participants demonstrated improvements in aerobic capacity, despite exercising at maximal intensities for only two to three minutes per session. In contrast, body composition significantly improved in the MIT group only. These findings suggest that 8-weeks of R-SIT training may be an effective strategy for improving cardiorespiratory fitness levels in overweight and obese prediabetic individuals, but is not effective in improving body composition.
Book Synopsis Exercise and Diabetes by : Sheri R. Colberg
Download or read book Exercise and Diabetes written by Sheri R. Colberg and published by American Diabetes Association. This book was released on 2013-05-30 with total page 554 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Physical movement has a positive effect on physical fitness, morbidity, and mortality in individuals with diabetes. Although exercise has long been considered a cornerstone of diabetes management, many health care providers fail to prescribe it. In addition, many fitness professionals may be unaware of the complexities of including physical activity in the management of diabetes. Giving patients or clients a full exercise prescription that take other chronic conditions commonly accompanying diabetes into account may be too time-consuming for or beyond the expertise of many health care and fitness professionals. The purpose of this book is to cover the recommended types and quantities of physical activities that can and should be undertaken by all individuals with any type of diabetes, along with precautions related to medication use and diabetes-related health complications. Medications used to control diabetes should augment lifestyle improvements like increased daily physical activity rather than replace them. Up until now, professional books with exercise information and prescriptions were not timely or interactive enough to easily provide busy professionals with access to the latest recommendations for each unique patient. However, simply instructing patients to “exercise more” is frequently not motivating or informative enough to get them regularly or safely active. This book is changing all that with its up-to-date and easy-to-prescribe exercise and physical activity recommendations and relevant case studies. Read and learn to quickly prescribe effective and appropriate exercise to everyone.
Book Synopsis High Intensity Functional Training by : Emil Hodzovic
Download or read book High Intensity Functional Training written by Emil Hodzovic and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2016-03-04 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lots of training methods promise to help you build muscle and lose fat, at the same time. Unfortunately, very few deliver. High Intensity Functional Training is a new and exciting type of training method that does deliver. With this approach, you can gain muscle, lose fat, boost your fitness, and even improve your health, all at the same time! High Intensity Functional Training is similar to high intensity interval training, but far better. Like high intensity interval training, it uses short periods of hard work, with rests in between, for a couple of workouts each week. Unlike high intensity interval training, it makes use of resistance training equipment, especially new tools like battling ropes, kettlebells, and weighted sleds for pushing or towing. This gives it a big advantage over traditional cardio machines, enabling much greater gains in muscle size, and greater losses in body fat. Even better, High Intensity Functional Training is a very time-efficient form of exercise for fat loss. With only a few workouts a week, you will achieve remarkable results. Researchers have suggested that the large energy deficit it produces might be caused by a range of mechanisms on top of simply "burning calories" while you are exercising. These include excess post-exercise energy consumption (EPOC), increases in muscle size leading to gains in resting metabolic rate, reduced appetite, and improved exercise enjoyment, which leads to greater consistency. What is more, you can structure your High Intensity Functional Training workouts to increase enjoyment and minimise muscle soreness by performing exercises with no lowering phase (such as sled pushes). This makes your workouts even easier to perform regularly, and with less discomfort. Buy your copy now, to learn about the underlying research into High Intensity Functional Training, to see guidelines for how to use this training method, and to obtain a series of workouts that you can use straight away.
Book Synopsis Perceived Exertion Laboratory Manual by : Luke Haile
Download or read book Perceived Exertion Laboratory Manual written by Luke Haile and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-11-07 with total page 327 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This manual provides laboratory-based learning experiences in perceptually and psychosocially linked exercise assessment, prescription, and programming. The primary pedagogic outcome is the ability to use applied theory and practice in perceptual and psychosocial exercise assessment and program design to promote the adoption and maintenance of a physically active lifestyle, enhancing overall health fitness. Perceptual and psychosocial variables are presented in individual, stand-alone laboratory modules that can supplement existing curricula such as exercise and sport psychology, exercise physiology, exercise testing and prescription, and exercise training and conditioning. In addition, the complete modular set has a conceptual flow that allows its presentation as an entire, laboratory-based course. The laboratory modules are divided into three primary units: assessment (theoretical constructs, scales and procedures, tests), prescription (self-regulation, performance), and program evaluation. The manual uses a unique format in which case studies are embedded in the conceptual flow of each lab module facilitating translation of laboratory results to real-world application. The manual concludes with a discussion of perceptually and psychosocially linked exercise prescription and programming applications in public health, such as program monitoring and adherence.
Book Synopsis High-Performance Training for Sports by : David Joyce
Download or read book High-Performance Training for Sports written by David Joyce and published by Human Kinetics. This book was released on 2014-06-09 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: High-Performance Training for Sports changes the landscape of athletic conditioning and sports performance. This groundbreaking work presents the latest and most effective philosophies, protocols and programmes for developing today’s athletes. High-Performance Training for Sports features contributions from global leaders in athletic performance training, coaching and rehabilitation. Experts share the cutting-edge knowledge and techniques they’ve used with Olympians as well as top athletes and teams from the NBA, NFL, MLB, English Premier League, Tour de France and International Rugby. Combining the latest science and research with proven training protocols, High-Performance Training for Sports will guide you in these areas: • Optimise the effectiveness of cross-training. • Translate strength into speed. • Increase aerobic capacity and generate anaerobic power. • Maintain peak conditioning throughout the season. • Minimise the interference effect. • Design energy-specific performance programmes. Whether you are working with high-performance athletes of all ages or with those recovering from injury, High-Performance Training for Sports is the definitive guide for developing all aspects of athletic performance. It is a must-own guide for any serious strength and conditioning coach, trainer, rehabilitator or athlete.
Book Synopsis Enzymatic Analysis by : Janet V. Passonneau
Download or read book Enzymatic Analysis written by Janet V. Passonneau and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-02-07 with total page 403 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Enzymatic Analysis: A Practical Guide is a multipurpose manual of laboratory methods. It offers a systematic scheme for the analysis of biological materials from the level of the whole organ down to the single cell and beyond. It is intended as a guide to the development of new methods, to the refinement of old ones, and to the adaptation in general of methods to almost any scale of sensitivity. As some may realize, the book is a sequel to A Flexible System of Enzymatic Analysis, originally published in 1972. The major changes, other than an appropriate interchange of authors, consist of a wholly new chapter of methods and protocols for measuring enzymes, the addition of 13 new entries in the metabolite chapter, and a much superior chapter on enzymatic cycling. With considerable nostalgia, we have switched from DPN and TPN to NAD and NADP nomenclature, which no doubt will make Otto Warburg turn over in his grave. The incentives for the methodology in this book came from the rigorous demands of quantitative histochemistry and cytochemistry. These demands are specificity, simplicity, flexibility, and, of course, sensitivity—all likewise desirable attributes of methods for other purposes. The specificity is provided by the use of enzyme methods. Simplicity is achieved by leading all reactions to a final pyridine nucleotide step.
Book Synopsis Diet and Exercise in Cystic Fibrosis by : Ronald Ross Watson
Download or read book Diet and Exercise in Cystic Fibrosis written by Ronald Ross Watson and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2014-08-12 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Diet and Exercise in Cystic Fibrosis, a unique reference edited by distinguished and internationally recognized nutritionist and immunologist Ronald Ross Watson, fills the gap in the current dietary modalities aimed at controlling cystic fibrosis. Using expert evaluation on the latest studies of the role of food and exercise in lifelong management of cystic fibrosis, this valuable resource shows how to maintain intestinal, hepatic, and pulmonary high quality function for improving quality of life for those with cystic fibrosis. A helpful tool for researchers and clinicians alike, this reference helps refine research targets, and provides the beginning of a structured dietary management scheme for those with cystic fibrosis.
Book Synopsis High-Intensity Exercise in Hypoxia - Beneficial Aspects and Potential Drawbacks by : Olivier Girard
Download or read book High-Intensity Exercise in Hypoxia - Beneficial Aspects and Potential Drawbacks written by Olivier Girard and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2018-01-25 with total page 169 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past, ‘traditional’ moderate-intensity continuous training (60-75% peak heart rate) was the type of physical activity most frequently recommended for both athletes and clinical populations (cf. American College of Sports Medicine guidelines). However, growing evidence indicates that high-intensity interval training (80-100% peak heart rate) could actually be associated with larger cardiorespiratory fitness and metabolic function benefits and, thereby, physical performance gains for athletes. Similarly, recent data in obese and hypertensive individuals indicate that various mechanisms – further improvement in endothelial function, reductions in sympathetic neural activity, or in arterial stiffness – might be involved in the larger cardiovascular protective effects associated with training at high exercise intensities. Concerning hypoxic training, similar trends have been observed from ‘traditional’ prolonged altitude sojourns (‘Live High Train High’ or ‘Live High Train Low’), which result in increased hemoglobin mass and blood carrying capacity. Recent innovative ‘Live Low Train High’ methods (‘Resistance Training in Hypoxia’ or ‘Repeated Sprint Training in Hypoxia’) have resulted in peripheral adaptations, such as hypertrophy or delay in muscle fatigue. Other interventions inducing peripheral hypoxia, such as vascular occlusion during endurance/resistance training or remote ischemic preconditioning (i.e. succession of ischemia/reperfusion episodes), have been proposed as methods for improving subsequent exercise performance or altitude tolerance (e.g. reduced severity of acute-mountain sickness symptoms). Postulated mechanisms behind these metabolic, neuro-humoral, hemodynamics, and systemic adaptations include stimulation of nitric oxide synthase, increase in anti-oxidant enzymes, and down-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, although the amount of evidence is not yet significant enough. Improved O2 delivery/utilization conferred by hypoxic training interventions might also be effective in preventing and treating cardiovascular diseases, as well as contributing to improve exercise tolerance and health status of patients. For example, in obese subjects, combining exercise with hypoxic exposure enhances the negative energy balance, which further reduces weight and improves cardio-metabolic health. In hypertensive patients, the larger lowering of blood pressure through the endothelial nitric oxide synthase pathway and the associated compensatory vasodilation is taken to reflect the superiority of exercising in hypoxia compared to normoxia. A hypoxic stimulus, in addition to exercise at high vs. moderate intensity, has the potential to further ameliorate various aspects of the vascular function, as observed in healthy populations. This may have clinical implications for the reduction of cardiovascular risks. Key open questions are therefore of interest for patients suffering from chronic vascular or cellular hypoxia (e.g. work-rest or ischemia/reperfusion intermittent pattern; exercise intensity; hypoxic severity and exposure duration; type of hypoxia (normobaric vs. hypobaric); health risks; magnitude and maintenance of the benefits). Outside any potential beneficial effects of exercising in O2-deprived environments, there may also be long-term adverse consequences of chronic intermittent severe hypoxia. Sleep apnea syndrome, for instance, leads to oxidative stress and the production of reactive oxygen species, and ultimately systemic inflammation. Postulated pathophysiological changes associated with intermittent hypoxic exposure include alteration in baroreflex activity, increase in pulmonary arterial pressure and hematocrit, changes in heart structure and function, and an alteration in endothelial-dependent vasodilation in cerebral and muscular arteries. There is a need to explore the combination of exercising in hypoxia and association of hypertension, developmental defects, neuro-pathological and neuro-cognitive deficits, enhanced susceptibility to oxidative injury, and possibly increased myocardial and cerebral infarction in individuals sensitive to hypoxic stress. The aim of this Research Topic is to shed more light on the transcriptional, vascular, hemodynamics, neuro-humoral, and systemic consequences of training at high intensities under various hypoxic conditions.
Book Synopsis Precision Physical Activity and Exercise Prescriptions for Disease Prevention: The Effect of Interindividual Variability Under Different Training Approaches by : Robinson Ramírez-Vélez
Download or read book Precision Physical Activity and Exercise Prescriptions for Disease Prevention: The Effect of Interindividual Variability Under Different Training Approaches written by Robinson Ramírez-Vélez and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2019-10-09 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
