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Author : Athanasios Moulakis
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9788890189104
Total Pages : 262 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (891 download)
Download or read book Root Causes of Instability and Violence in the Balkans written by Athanasios Moulakis and published by . This book was released on 2005-01-01 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Department of Defense (DoD)
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781520771212
Total Pages : 61 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (712 download)
Download or read book Failed Intervention written by Department of Defense (DoD) and published by . This book was released on 2017-03-06 with total page 61 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The violence of Yugoslavia is soaked in historical injustice and nationalist tradition. Its historical mold is not unique; but the world's reaction is. The ongoing failure of Yugoslavia and its fractious cascade of regime changes are a product of flawed intervention. United States intervention failed because it opted for termination determined by strategic ways rather than resolution to meet strategic ends. The failure of Yugoslavia presents a model for flawed intervention and the instability achieved through the intrusion of sovereignty. This analysis follows a framework of examining the failure of U.S. intervention in Yugoslavia in three parts: (1) the developmental history that create the conditions for the latest Balkan War; (2) reasons and results of U.S. intervention; (3) strategic implications for similar interventions. The West intervened in the Yugoslavian conflict in the early 1990's to satisfy the interests of stability and alliances. This conflict remains unresolved in a hellish state of not-at-war and not-at-peace. No party considers the multiple peace agreements as just, an aspect that denies the enduring aspects of resolution. Truce without peace, or peace at any price defined the political logic of resolution. The West failed, its intervention first too slow and then later too brash. This occurred because the West developed a termination solution that failed to address the root causes of the war. The break-up of Yugoslavia was not caused by ancient hatreds or virulent nationalism. Nor did one historical villain perpetuate a war. It took several villains to exploit Yugoslavia's fatal flaws. The purpose of this analysis is to assess the efficacy of US Balkan intervention against the causes of the latest Balkan war. Resolution did not occur because the incentive of war was not exhausted. Its flaws were formalized in settlements that formalized ethnic divisions. These anachronistic solutions of ethnic distinction have been proven ineffective throughout Balkan history. This end had no prospect of success. The legacy of Yugoslavia is a requiem of injustice sustained by violent intervention. Contrary to many contemporary interpretations, the Balkan model of violent instability is neither rooted in ancient hatreds nor ethnocentrism. Instead, Balkan violence is the product of a contrived exploitation of the fears of internal and external marginalization. The potential of moderating elements has been arrested by ethno-centrist political maneuver. The unsolved questions of sovereignty, self-determination and nation further aggravate a maligned history. The region has attempted all forms of government, and none has survived. There is one commonality, until now its structures have always been the product of external intervention. Governments have been imposed but have never grown. Its history is a wound that has allowed no stage for democracy and has forfeited the promise of self-determination and sovereignty.
Author : R. Craig Nation
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781312339750
Total Pages : 406 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (397 download)
Download or read book War in the Balkans, 1991-2002 written by R. Craig Nation and published by . This book was released on 2014-07-08 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Armed conflict on the territory of the former Yugoslavia between 1991 and 2001 claimed over 200,000 lives, gave rise to atrocities unseen in Europe since the Second World War, and left behind a terrible legacy of physical ruin and psychological devastation. Unfolding against the background of the end of cold war bipolarity, the new Balkan wars sounded a discordant counterpoint to efforts to construct a more harmonious European order, were a major embarrassment for the international institutions deemed responsible for conflict management, and became a preoccupation for the powers concerned with restoring regional stability. After more than a decade of intermittent hostilities the conflict has been contained, but only as a result of significant external interventions and the establishment of a series of de facto international protectorates, patrolled by UN, NATO, and EU sponsored peacekeepers with open-ended mandates.
Author : Siniša Malešević
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 110842516X
Total Pages : 323 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (84 download)
Download or read book Grounded Nationalisms written by Siniša Malešević and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-02-21 with total page 323 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Malešević shows how the recent escalation of populist nationalism is not an anomaly, but the result of globalisation and nationalism developing together through modern history.
Author : Vesna Pešić
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 52 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 ( download)
Download or read book Serbian Nationalism and the Origins of the Yugoslav Crisis written by Vesna Pešić and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : United Nations;World Bank
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 1464811865
Total Pages : 415 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (648 download)
Download or read book Pathways for Peace written by United Nations;World Bank and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2018-04-13 with total page 415 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Violent conflicts today are complex and increasingly protracted, involving more nonstate groups and regional and international actors. It is estimated that by 2030—the horizon set by the international community for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals—more than half of the world’s poor will be living in countries affected by high levels of violence. Information and communication technology, population movements, and climate change are also creating shared risks that must be managed at both national and international levels. Pathways for Peace is a joint United Nations†“World Bank Group study that originates from the conviction that the international community’s attention must urgently be refocused on prevention. A scaled-up system for preventive action would save between US$5 billion and US$70 billion per year, which could be reinvested in reducing poverty and improving the well-being of populations. The study aims to improve the way in which domestic development processes interact with security, diplomacy, mediation, and other efforts to prevent conflicts from becoming violent. It stresses the importance of grievances related to exclusion—from access to power, natural resources, security and justice, for example—that are at the root of many violent conflicts today. Based on a review of cases in which prevention has been successful, the study makes recommendations for countries facing emerging risks of violent conflict as well as for the international community. Development policies and programs must be a core part of preventive efforts; when risks are high or building up, inclusive solutions through dialogue, adapted macroeconomic policies, institutional reform, and redistributive policies are required. Inclusion is key, and preventive action needs to adopt a more people-centered approach that includes mainstreaming citizen engagement. Enhancing the participation of women and youth in decision making is fundamental to sustaining peace, as well as long-term policies to address the aspirations of women and young people.
Author : David W. Montgomery
Publisher : Indiana University Press
ISBN 13 : 0253038200
Total Pages : 419 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (53 download)
Download or read book Everyday Life in the Balkans written by David W. Montgomery and published by Indiana University Press. This book was released on 2018-11-26 with total page 419 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Everyday Life in the Balkans gathers the work of leading scholars across disciplines to provide a broad overview of the countries of Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece, Kosovo, Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, and Turkey. This region has long been characterized as a place of instability and political turmoil, from World War I, through the Yugoslav Wars, and even today as debate continues over issues such as the influx of refugees or the expansion of the European Union. However, the work gathered here moves beyond the images of war and post-socialist stagnation which dominate Western media coverage of the region to instead focus on the lived experiences of the people in these countries. Contributors consider a wide range of issues including family dynamics, gay rights, war memory, religion, cinema, fashion, and politics. Using clear language and engaging examples, Everyday Life in the Balkans provides the background context necessary for an enlightened conversation about the policies, economics, and culture of the region.
Author : United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime
Publisher : United Nations
ISBN 13 : 9211554012
Total Pages : 282 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (115 download)
Download or read book World Drug Report 2007 written by United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime and published by United Nations. This book was released on 2007-06-27 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report offers one of the most comprehensive insights into global trends in international culture, production, seizure and price of illicit drugs. It examines trends in the world's four major markets: opium and heroin, coca and cocaine, cannabis, and amphetamine-type stimulants. This edition provides an in-depth examination of the link between transnational organized crime and drug trafficking. A detailed statistical appendix on production, prices and consumption completes this book, which gives the reader a comprehensive picture of the world's drug problem.
Author : Daniel Serwer
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3030021734
Total Pages : 155 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (3 download)
Download or read book From War to Peace in the Balkans, the Middle East and Ukraine written by Daniel Serwer and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-11-28 with total page 155 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book focuses on the origins, consequences and aftermath of the 1995 and 1999 Western military interventions that led to the end of the most recent Balkan wars. Though challenging problems remain in Bosnia, Macedonia, Kosovo, and Serbia, the conflict prevention and state-building efforts thereafter were partly successful as countries of the region are on separate tracks towards European Union membership. This study highlights lessons that can be applied to the Middle East and Ukraine, where similar conflicts are likewise challenging sovereignty and territorial integrity. It is an accessible treatment of what makes war and how to make peace ideal for all readers interested in how violent international conflicts can be managed, informed by the experience of a practitioner.
Author : Glenn Burgess
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521800174
Total Pages : 414 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (1 download)
Download or read book English Radicalism, 1550-1850 written by Glenn Burgess and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2007-02 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A study of three centuries of radical ideas and activity in English political and social history.
Author : Kate Ferguson
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0197651062
Total Pages : 304 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (976 download)
Download or read book Architectures of Violence written by Kate Ferguson and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2022-05-01 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Paramilitary or irregular units have been involved in practically every case of identity-based mass violence in the modern world, but detailed analysis of these dynamics is rare. Exploring the case of former Yugoslavia, the genocides in Rwanda and Darfur, and the ongoing violence in Syria, Kate Ferguson exposes the relationships between paramilitaries, state commands, local communities, and organized crime. She presents these 'architectures of violence' as a way of comprehending how the various structures of command and control fit together into domestic and international webs of support enabling and encouraging irregular and paramilitary violence. Visible paramilitary participation in modern mass atrocities has succeeded in masking the continued dominance of the state in a number of violent crises. Irregular combatants have participated so significantly in committing atrocity crimes because political elites benefit from using unconventional forces to fulfil ambitions that violate international law--and international policy responses are hindered when responsibility for violence is ambiguous. Ferguson's inquiry into these overlooked dynamics of mass violence unveils substantial loopholes in current atrocity prevention architecture. Until these are addressed, state authorities will likely continue to use irregular combatants as perpetrators of atrocity.
Author : Independent International Commission on Kosovo
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199243093
Total Pages : 380 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (992 download)
Download or read book The Kosovo Report written by Independent International Commission on Kosovo and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2000-10-19 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The war in Kosovo was a turning point: NATO deployed its armed forces in war for the first time, and placed the controversial doctrine of 'humanitarian intervention' squarely in the world's eye. It was an armed intervention for the purpose of implementing Security Council resolutions-but without Security Council authorization.This report tries to answer a number of burning questions, such as why the international community was unable to act earlier and prevent the escalation of the conflict, as well as focusing on the capacity of the United Nations to act as global peacekeeper.The Commission recommends a new status for Kosovo, 'conditional independence', with the goal of lasting peace and security for Kosovo-and for the Balkan region in general. But many of the conslusions may be beneficially applied to conflicts the world-over.
Author : Riccardo Alcaro
Publisher : Edizioni Nuova Cultura
ISBN 13 : 8868122731
Total Pages : 140 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (681 download)
Download or read book Transatlantic Security from the Sahel to the Horn of Africa written by Riccardo Alcaro and published by Edizioni Nuova Cultura. This book was released on 2014-05-21 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the so-called Arab Spring has slid into political uncertainty, lingering insecurity and civil conflict, European and American initial enthusiasm for anti-authoritarian protests has given way to growing concerns that revolutionary turmoil in North Africa may in fact have exposed the West to new risks. Critical in cementing this conviction has been the realisation that developments originated from Arab Mediterranean countries and spread to the Sahel have now such a potential to affect Western security and interests as to warrant even military intervention, as France’s operation in Mali attests. EU and US involvement in fighting piracy off the Horn of Africa had already laid bare the nexus between their security interests and protracted crises in sub-Saharan Africa. But the new centrality acquired by the Sahel after the Arab uprisings – particularly after Libya’s civil war – has elevated this nexus to a new, larger dimension. The centre of gravity of Europe’s security may be swinging to Africa, encompassing a wide portion of the continental landmass extending south of Mediterranean coastal states. The recrudescence of the terrorist threat from Mali to Algeria might pave the way to an American pivot to Africa, thus requiring fresh thinking on how the European Union and the United States can better collaborate with each other and with relevant regional actors.
Author : Felicia Pratto
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319620215
Total Pages : 214 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (196 download)
Download or read book Shaping Social Identities After Violent Conflict written by Felicia Pratto and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-12-13 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the identities of young adults in Bosnia-Herzegovina, Serbia, Kosovo, and Macedonia. With research drawn from a large multidisciplinary project exploring a potential for reconciliation in post-conflict societies, the authors discuss the interplay between ethnic, religious and national identities that have been the source of recent violent conflicts. They focus on people aged 18-30, representing generations that are socialized after the wars, but live in ethnically divided societies burdened with a difficult history. Another aim of the project was to compare majority and minority perspectives within each country, and to provide a unique view on how to reinterpret and build more inclusive social identities. Scholars and organizations interested in areas of social psychology, political science and sociology will find this research of great value.
Author : Amy Chua
Publisher : Anchor
ISBN 13 : 1400076374
Total Pages : 370 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 ( download)
Download or read book World on Fire written by Amy Chua and published by Anchor. This book was released on 2004-01-06 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The reigning consensus holds that the combination of free markets and democracy would transform the third world and sweep away the ethnic hatred and religious zealotry associated with underdevelopment. In this revelatory investigation of the true impact of globalization, Yale Law School professor Amy Chua explains why many developing countries are in fact consumed by ethnic violence after adopting free market democracy. Chua shows how in non-Western countries around the globe, free markets have concentrated starkly disproportionate wealth in the hands of a resented ethnic minority. These “market-dominant minorities” – Chinese in Southeast Asia, Croatians in the former Yugoslavia, whites in Latin America and South Africa, Indians in East Africa, Lebanese in West Africa, Jews in post-communist Russia – become objects of violent hatred. At the same time, democracy empowers the impoverished majority, unleashing ethnic demagoguery, confiscation, and sometimes genocidal revenge. She also argues that the United States has become the world’s most visible market-dominant minority, a fact that helps explain the rising tide of anti-Americanism around the world. Chua is a friend of globalization, but she urges us to find ways to spread its benefits and curb its most destructive aspects.
Author : Stephen Blank
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 196 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (31 download)
Download or read book Low-intensity Conflict in the Third World written by Stephen Blank and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A common thread ties together the five case studies of this book: the persistence with which the bilateral relationship between the United States and the Soviet Union continues to dominate American foreign and regional policies. These essays analyze the LIC environment in Central Asia, the Middle East, Southeast Asia, Latin America, and sub-Saharan Africa.
Author : Benjamin Miller
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317285549
Total Pages : 332 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (172 download)
Download or read book International and Regional Security written by Benjamin Miller and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-11-10 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is a collection of the best essays of Professor Benjamin Miller on the subjects of international and regional security. The book analyses the interrelationships between international politics and regional and national security, with a special focus on the sources of international conflict and collaboration and the causes of war and peace. More specifically, it explains the sources of intended and unintended great-power conflict and collaboration. The book also accounts for the sources of regional war and peace by developing the concept of the state-to-nation balance. Thus the volume is able to explain the variations in the outcomes of great power interventions and the differences in the level and type of war and peace in different eras and various parts of the world. For example, the book’s model can account for recent outcomes such as the effects of the 2003 American intervention in Iraq, the post-2011 Arab Spring and the conflicts between Russia and Ukraine. The book also provides a model for explaining the changes in American grand strategy with a special focus on accounting for the causes of the invasion of Iraq in 2003. Finally, the book addresses the debate on the future of war and peace in the 21st century. This book will be essential reading for students of international security, regional security, Middle Eastern politics, foreign policy and IR.
