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Risk Sharing Through Capital Gains
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Book Synopsis Risk Sharing Through Capital Gains by : Faruk Balli
Download or read book Risk Sharing Through Capital Gains written by Faruk Balli and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We estimate channels of international risk sharing between European Monetary Union (EMU), European Union, and other OECD countries 1992-2007. We focus on risk sharing through savings, factor income flows, and capital gains. Risk sharing through factor income and capital gains was close to zero before 1999 but has increased since then. Risk sharing from capital gains, at about 6 percent, is higher than risk sharing from factor income flows for European Union countries and OECD countries. Risk sharing from factor income flows is higher for Euro zone countries, at 14 percent, reflecting increased international asset and liability holdings in the Euro area.
Book Synopsis Risk Sharing Through Capital Gains by :
Download or read book Risk Sharing Through Capital Gains written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Channels of International Risk-sharing by : Thierry Bracke
Download or read book Channels of International Risk-sharing written by Thierry Bracke and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis International Risk Sharing and Gains from Financial Globalization by : Julian Fischer
Download or read book International Risk Sharing and Gains from Financial Globalization written by Julian Fischer and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2017-09-04 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2017 in the subject Economics - International Economic Relations, grade: 2,0, University of Göttingen (Professur für Empirische Außenwirtschaft), course: International Financial Markets, language: English, abstract: In this paper, potential of international risk sharing for emerging markets will be investigated, particularly in terms of financial integration and liberalization. The incentives of financial integration will be surveyed in terms of international risk sharing, indicate benefits for emerging market economies. In addition, it will be investigated if huge foreign capital inflows show positive effects of risk sharing for them. Several government leaders all over the world recognize the potential of financial globalization for their country. A strong incentive for deeper financial linking can be observed. Three of the development countries in Africa already grew up to the so called emerging markets: Egypt, Morocco and South Africa. To keep up with the fast growing population and facilitating the economic growth, they want to stimulate employments for agriculture and infrastructure by investment partnerships with the G20, whereas Donald Trump, the President of the USA, would like to cut funding World Bank programs like credit guarantees or small business access to finance for these countries. Indeed, these development countries, also including emerging markets, need to implement more structural changes like liberalizing financial markets and financial transparency for these intentions. Is international risk sharing able to smooth uncertainties in the emerging markets? Will they catch up the distance to industrial countries? In light of ongoing financial integration and economic development, the influence of international risk sharing in terms of financial globalization for emerging markets will be investigated. Just little evidence of risk sharing can be seen throughout the last decades, but still some persuasive inquiries are to be considered. Improvements in international risk sharing potentially lead to stabilizing effects, scarcer sudden stops and smaller risk premiums. Structural policy changes and better financial integration could surmount the threshold effect.
Book Synopsis Wealth Inequality, Asset Redistribution and Risk-Sharing Islamic Finance by : Tarik Akin
Download or read book Wealth Inequality, Asset Redistribution and Risk-Sharing Islamic Finance written by Tarik Akin and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2019-03-04 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wealth inequality has been not only rising at unsustainable pace but also dissociated from income inequality because of the fact that wealth is increasing without concomitant increase in savings and productive capital. Compelling evidence indicates that capital gains and other economic rents are mainly responsible for wealth inequality and its divergence from income inequality. The main argument of the book is that interest-based debt contracts are one of the drivers of wealth inequality through creating disproportional economic rents for the asset-rich. The book also introduces the idea of risk-sharing asset-based redistribution, which is a novel and viable policy proposal, as an effective redistribution tool to address the wealth inequality problem. Furthermore, a large-scale stock-flow consistent macroeconomic model, which is step by step constructed in the book, sheds light on the formation of wealth inequality in a debt-based economy and on the prospective benefits of implementing risk-sharing asset-based redistribution policy tools compared to traditional redistribution policy options. The research presented in this book is novel in many respects and first of its kind in the Islamic economics and finance literature.
Book Synopsis Cross-Country Evidence on the Relation Between Capital Gains Taxes, Risk, and Expected Returns by : Luzi Hail
Download or read book Cross-Country Evidence on the Relation Between Capital Gains Taxes, Risk, and Expected Returns written by Luzi Hail and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 57 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study empirically examines the role of risk sharing between taxable investors and the government on the relation between capital gains taxes and expected returns. Specifically, using an international panel from 26 countries over the period 1990 to 2004, we find evidence that the general positive relation between capital gains taxes and expected returns becomes weaker or even reverses when (i) a firm's systematic risk is high, (ii) the market risk premium is high, or (iii) the risk-free rate is low. The results are particularly pronounced in countries with substantive changes in tax rates, more trust in government institutions, less integrated and less liquid capital markets, and lower foreign institutional ownership as well as around substantive increases and decreases in the risk parameters. We corroborate our findings in a single country setting, using the 1978, 1997, and 2003 capital gains tax rate changes in the United States as events. Our results underscore the importance of macroeconomic and firm-specific factors in determining the effect of tax capitalization, and suggest that tax rate changes can sometimes have opposite valuation implications than what policymakers have in mind.
Download or read book Protecting All written by Truman Packard and published by Human Development Perspectives. This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This white paper focusses on the policy interventions made to help people manage risk, uncertainty and the losses from events whose impacts are channeled primarily through the labor market. The objectives of the white paper are: to scrutinize the relevance and effects of prevailing risk-sharing policies in low- and middle-income countries; take account of how global drivers of disruption shape and diversify how people work; in light of this diversity, propose alternative risk-sharing policies, or ways to augment and improve current policies to be more relevant and responsive to peoples' needs; and map a reasonable transition path from the current to an alternative policy approach that substantially extends protection to a greater portion of working people and their families. This white paper is a contribution to the broader, global discussion of the changing nature of work and how policy can shape its implications for the wellbeing of people. We use the term risk-sharing policies broadly in reference to the set of institutions, regulations and interventions that societies put in place to help households manage shocks to their livelihoods. These policies include formal rules and structures that regulate market interactions (worker protections and other labor market institutions) that help people pool risks (social assistance and social insurance), to save and insure affordably and effectively (mandatory and incentivized individual savings and other financial instruments) and to recover from losses in the wake of livelihood shocks ('active' reemployment measures). Effective risk-sharing policies are foundational to building equity, resilience and opportunity, the strategic objectives of the World Bank's Social Protection and Jobs Global Practice. Given failures of factor markets and the market for risk in particular the rationale for policy intervention to augment the options that people have to manage shocks to their livelihoods is well-understood and accepted. By helping to prevent vulnerable people from falling into poverty --and people in the poorest households from falling deeper into poverty-- effective risk-sharing interventions dramatically reduce poverty. Households and communities with access to effective risk-sharing instruments can better maintain and continue to invest in these vital assets, first and foremost, their human capital, and in doing so can reduce the likelihood that poverty and vulnerability will be transmitted from one generation to the next. Risk-sharing policies foster enterprise and development by ensuring that people can take appropriate risks required to grasp opportunities and secure their stake in a growing economy."--
Book Synopsis The Charles Schwab Guide to Finances After Fifty by : Carrie Schwab-Pomerantz
Download or read book The Charles Schwab Guide to Finances After Fifty written by Carrie Schwab-Pomerantz and published by Crown Currency. This book was released on 2014-04-01 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Here at last are the hard-to-find answers to the dizzying array of financial questions plaguing those who are age fifty and older. The financial world is more complex than ever, and people are struggling to make sense of it all. If you’re like most people moving into the phase of life where protecting—as well as growing-- assets is paramount, you’re faced with a number of financial puzzles. Maybe you’re struggling to get your kids through college without drawing down your life’s savings. Perhaps you sense your nest egg is at risk and want to move into safer investments. Maybe you’re contemplating downsizing to a smaller home, but aren’t sure of the financial implications. Possibly, medical expenses have become a bigger drain than you expected and you need help assessing options. Perhaps you’ll shortly be eligible for social security but want to optimize when and how to take it. Whatever your specific financial issue, one thing is certain—your range of choices is vast. As the financial world becomes increasingly complex, what you need is deeply researched advice from professionals whose credentials are impeccable and who prize clarity and straightforwardness over financial mumbo-jumbo. Carrie Schwab-Pomerantz and the Schwab team have been helping clients tackle their toughest money issues for decades. Through Carrie’s popular “Ask Carrie” columns, her leadership of the Charles Schwab Foundation, and her work across party lines through two White House administrations and with the President’s Advisory Council on Financial Capability, she has become one of America’s most trusted sources for financial advice. Here, Carrie will not only answer all the questions that keep you up at night, she’ll provide answers to many questions you haven’t considered but should.
Book Synopsis Shared Capitalism at Work by : Douglas L. Kruse
Download or read book Shared Capitalism at Work written by Douglas L. Kruse and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2010-06-15 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The historical relationship between capital and labor has evolved in the past few decades. One particularly noteworthy development is the rise of shared capitalism, a system in which workers have become partial owners of their firms and thus, in effect, both employees and stockholders. Profit sharing arrangements and gain-sharing bonuses, which tie compensation directly to a firm’s performance, also reflect this new attitude toward labor. Shared Capitalism at Work analyzes the effects of this trend on workers and firms. The contributors focus on four main areas: the fraction of firms that participate in shared capitalism programs in the United States and abroad, the factors that enable these firms to overcome classic free rider and risk problems, the effect of shared capitalism on firm performance, and the impact of shared capitalism on worker well-being. This volume provides essential studies for understanding the increasingly important role of shared capitalism in the modern workplace.
Book Synopsis Progressivity of Capital Gains Taxation with Optimal Portfolio Selection by : Andrew B. Lyon
Download or read book Progressivity of Capital Gains Taxation with Optimal Portfolio Selection written by Andrew B. Lyon and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We provide new data on capital gains realizations using a five-year stratified panel of taxpayers covering 1985-1989. We find, as earlier studies have, that capital gains realizations are very concentrated among the highest income groups. We use these data and data from the Federal Reserve Board Survey of Consumer Finances to draw inferences from a simulation model of the effects on progressivity and efficiency of alternative tax treatment of capital gains. Tax payments alone are not an accurate indication of the burden of a tax. Taxes generally create costs beyond the dollar value collected by causing persons to change their behavior to avoid the tax. Risk is also affected by the tax system. Beneficial risk-sharing characteristics of the tax system are frequently overlooked when examining the treatment of capital gains, We find that reforms comprising reductions in the capital gains tax rate offset by increases in the tax rate on other investment income are efficiency reducing. Surprisingly, we find that for taxpayers for whom loss limits are not binding a switch to accrual taxation is also efficiency reducing. For those taxpayers for whom loss limits are potentially binding, we find that large efficiency gains can be achieved by increasing the amount of capital losses that may be deducted against ordinary income. These results are partly attributable to changes in risk-sharing encompassed in these reforms.
Book Synopsis Taxes and International Risk Sharing by : Brendan Epstein
Download or read book Taxes and International Risk Sharing written by Brendan Epstein and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Indexing Capital Gains written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Risk Sharing from International Factor Income by : Vadym Volosovych
Download or read book Risk Sharing from International Factor Income written by Vadym Volosovych and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Access to world capital markets and net investment income flows between countries help protect national income from country-specific output shocks. I empirically study what factors explain cross-country differences in the extent of risk sharing from international factor income. An index of investor protection is the leading causal variable for the estimated amount of risk sharing over the 1985-2004 period. Improving investor protection in Russia to Denmark's level implies five times larger risk sharing compared to the sample average. These results indicate one possible way to reap large potential benefits from international risk sharing.
Book Synopsis Capital Markets Union and Beyond by : Franklin Allen
Download or read book Capital Markets Union and Beyond written by Franklin Allen and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2024-03-12 with total page 391 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Experts from economics, finance, law, policy, and banking discuss the design and implementation of a future capital market union in Europe. The plan for further development of Europe's economic and monetary union foresees the creation of a capital market union (CMU)—a single market for capital in the entire Eurozone. The need for citizens and firms of all European countries to have access to funding, together with the pressure to improve the efficiency and risk-sharing opportunities of the financial system in general, put the CMU among the top priorities on the Eurozone's agenda. In this volume, leading academics in economics, finance, and law, along with policy makers and practitioners, discuss the design and implementation of a future CMU. Contributors describe the key design challenges of the CMU; specific opportunities and obstacles for reaching the CMU's goals of increasing the economic well-being of households and the profitability and viability of firms; the role that markets—from the latest fintech developments to traditional equity markets—can play in the future success of CMU; and the institutional framework needed for CMU in the aftermath of the global recession. Contributors Sumit Agarwal, Franklin Allen, Valentina Allotti, Gene Amromin, John Armour, Geert Bekaert, Itzhak Ben-David, Marcello Bianchi, Lorenzo Bini-Smaghi, Claudio Borio, Franziska Bremus, Marina Brogi, Claudia M. Buch, Giacomo Calzolari, Souphala Chomsisengphet, Luca Enriques, Douglas D. Evanoff, Ester Faia, Eilis Ferran, Jeffrey N. Gordon, Michael Haliassos, Campbell R. Harvey, Kathryn Judge, Suzanne Kalss, Valentina Lagasio, Katya Langenbucher, Christian T. Lundblad, Massimo Marchesi, Alexander Michaelides, Stefano Micossi, Emanuel Moench, Mario Nava, Giorgio Barba Navaretti, Giovanna Nicodano, Gianmarco Ottaviano, Marco Pagano, Monica Paiella, Lubos Pastor, Alain Pietrancosta, Richard Portes, Alberto Franco Pozzolo, Stephan Siegel, Wolfe-Georg Ringe, Diego Valiante
Book Synopsis The Economics of Screening and Risk Sharing in Higher Education by : Bernhard Eckwert
Download or read book The Economics of Screening and Risk Sharing in Higher Education written by Bernhard Eckwert and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2015-05-14 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Economics of Screening and Risk Sharing in Higher Education explores advances in information technologies and in statistical and social sciences that have significantly improved the reliability of techniques for screening large populations. These advances are important for higher education worldwide because they affect many of the mechanisms commonly used for rationing the available supply of educational services. Using a single framework to study several independent questions, the authors provide a comprehensive theory in an empirically-driven field. Their answers to questions about funding structures for investments in higher education, students’ attitudes towards risk, and the availability of arrangements for sharing individual talent risks are important for understanding the theoretical underpinnings of information and uncertainty on human capital formation. Investigates conditions under which better screening leads to desirable outcomes such as higher human capital accumulation, less income inequality, and higher economic well-being. Questions how the role of screening relates to the funding structure for investments in higher education and to the availability of risk sharing arrangements for individual talent risks. Reveals government policies that are suited for controlling or counteracting detrimental side effects along the growth path.
Book Synopsis International Convergence of Capital Measurement and Capital Standards by :
Download or read book International Convergence of Capital Measurement and Capital Standards written by and published by Lulu.com. This book was released on 2004 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Home Bias and Capital Income Flows Between Countries and Regions by : Michael J. Artis
Download or read book The Home Bias and Capital Income Flows Between Countries and Regions written by Michael J. Artis and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper documents a marked increase in international consumption risk sharing throughout the recent globalization period. Unlike earlier studies that have found it difficult to document a consistent effect of financial globalization on international consumption comovements, we make use of the information implicit in the relative levels of consumption and output to measure long-run risk sharing among OECD countries and US federal states.We derive our empirical setup from a deliberately simplistic model in which countries can trade perpetual claims to each other's output (Shiller securities). Our framework allows us to distinguish between two channels of risk sharing: ex ante diversification that leads to income smoothing through capital income flows and ex-post consumption smoothing through savings and dissavings. The model successfully replicates the patterns of income and consumption smoothing observed in both U.S. state-level and international data. The increase in international consumption risk sharing is closely associated with the decline in international portfolio home bias. While capital income flows remain relatively limited as a channel of risk sharing at business cycle frequencies, we find that better international portfolio diversification has led to a considerable increase in capital income flows at medium and long horizons.
