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Risk Premia And The Dynamic Covariance Between Stock And Bond Returns
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Book Synopsis Risk Premia and the Dynamic Covariance between Stock and Bond Returns by : John T. Scruggs
Download or read book Risk Premia and the Dynamic Covariance between Stock and Bond Returns written by John T. Scruggs and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We investigate two topics: (1) the nature of the dynamic covariance matrix of stock and bond returns, and (2) the intertemporal relation between risk and return. We estimate a conditional two-factor variant of Merton's ICAPM in which long-term government bond returns proxy for the second risk factor. Stock and bond risk premia are linear functions of an asymmetric dynamic covariance (ADC) matrix for stock and bond returns. We find that conditional bond variance responds symmetrically to bond return shocks but is virtually unaffected by stock return shocks, while conditional stock variance responds asymmetrically to both stock and bond return shocks. Models that impose a constant correlation restriction on the covariance matrix between stock and bond returns are strongly rejected. We find that intertemporal risk-return relationships are very sensitive to the specification of conditional first and second moments.
Book Synopsis Sources of Time Varying Risk and Risk Premia in U.S. Stock and Bond Markets by : Bala Arshanapalli
Download or read book Sources of Time Varying Risk and Risk Premia in U.S. Stock and Bond Markets written by Bala Arshanapalli and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper investigates the sources of time-varying risk and risk premia for both the U.S. stock and bond markets. Although a growing literature has emerged that examines the return and volatility characteristics of the U.S. stock and bond markets separately, little work has appeared that models these markets jointly. This paper proposes a model that provides evidence concerning the sources of time varying risk and risk premia in the markets that considers both markets simultaneously. The model captures the change in the risk premium to each market's own volatility risk as well as to the covariance risk for specific events. We test for the effects of macroeconomic news on time-varying volatility as well as time-varying covariance, and whether such news induces time-varying risk premia in either of the markets. We find that stocks, as opposed to bonds exhibit a change in the risk premium on variance risk on PPI announcement dates. There is also evidence of a change in the bond risk premium on covariance risk on macroeconomic news announcement dates. Employment reports and PPI releases appear as events inducing time-varying conditional variance for stock, Treasury Notes, as well as Treasury Bond returns. Finally, the results do not support the conjecture that conditional covariance of stock and bond returns falls on announcement days.
Book Synopsis The cross-section and time-series of stock and bond returns by : Ralph S. J. Koijen
Download or read book The cross-section and time-series of stock and bond returns written by Ralph S. J. Koijen and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We propose an arbitrage-free stochastic discount factor (SDF) model that jointly prices the cross-section of returns on portfolios of stocks sorted on book-to-market dimension, the cross-section of government bonds sorted by maturity, the dynamics of bond yields, and time series variation in expected stock and bond returns. Its pricing factors are motivated by a decomposition of the pricing kernel into a permanent and a transitory component. Shocks to the transitory component govern the level of the term structure of interest rates and price the cross-section of bond returns. Shocks to the permanent component govern the dividend yield and price the average equity returns. Third, shocks to the relative contribution of the transitory component to the conditional variance of the SDF govern the Cochrane-Piazzesi (2005, CP) factor, a strong predictor of future bond returns. These shocks price the cross-section of book-to-market sorted stock portfolios. Because the CP factor is a strong predictor of economic activity one- to two-years ahead, positive shocks to CP signal improving economic conditions, leading to a positive price of risk. Value stocks are riskier and carry a return premium because they are more exposed to such shocks.
Book Synopsis Stock Returns and the Term Structure by : John Y. Campbell
Download or read book Stock Returns and the Term Structure written by John Y. Campbell and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is well known that in the postwar period stockreturns have tended to be low when the short term nominal interest rate is high. In this paper I show that more generally the state of the term structure of interest rates predicts stock returns. Risk premia on stocks appear to move closely together with those on 20-year Treasury bonds, while risk premia on Treasury bills move somewhat independently. Average returns on 20-year bonds have been very low relative to average returns on stocks. I use these observations to test some simple asset pricing models. First I consider latent variable models in which betas are constant and risk premia vary with expected returns on a small number of unobservable hedge portfolios. The data strongly reject a single-latent-variable model. The last part of the paper examines the relationship between conditional means and variances of returns on bills, bonds and stocks. Bill returns tend to be high when their conditional variance is high, but there is a perverse negative relationship between stock returns and their conditional variance. A model is estimated which assumes that asset returns are determined by their time-varying betas with a fixed-weight "benchmark" portfolio of bills, bonds and stocks, whose return is proportional to its conditional variance. This portfolio is estimated to place almost all its weight on bills, indicating that uncertainty about nominal interest rates is important in pricing both short- and long-term assets
Book Synopsis Strategic Asset Allocation by : John Y. Campbell
Download or read book Strategic Asset Allocation written by John Y. Campbell and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2002-01-03 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Academic finance has had a remarkable impact on many financial services. Yet long-term investors have received curiously little guidance from academic financial economists. Mean-variance analysis, developed almost fifty years ago, has provided a basic paradigm for portfolio choice. This approach usefully emphasizes the ability of diversification to reduce risk, but it ignores several critically important factors. Most notably, the analysis is static; it assumes that investors care only about risks to wealth one period ahead. However, many investors—-both individuals and institutions such as charitable foundations or universities—-seek to finance a stream of consumption over a long lifetime. In addition, mean-variance analysis treats financial wealth in isolation from income. Long-term investors typically receive a stream of income and use it, along with financial wealth, to support their consumption. At the theoretical level, it is well understood that the solution to a long-term portfolio choice problem can be very different from the solution to a short-term problem. Long-term investors care about intertemporal shocks to investment opportunities and labor income as well as shocks to wealth itself, and they may use financial assets to hedge their intertemporal risks. This should be important in practice because there is a great deal of empirical evidence that investment opportunities—-both interest rates and risk premia on bonds and stocks—-vary through time. Yet this insight has had little influence on investment practice because it is hard to solve for optimal portfolios in intertemporal models. This book seeks to develop the intertemporal approach into an empirical paradigm that can compete with the standard mean-variance analysis. The book shows that long-term inflation-indexed bonds are the riskless asset for long-term investors, it explains the conditions under which stocks are safer assets for long-term than for short-term investors, and it shows how labor income influences portfolio choice. These results shed new light on the rules of thumb used by financial planners. The book explains recent advances in both analytical and numerical methods, and shows how they can be used to understand the portfolio choice problems of long-term investors.
Book Synopsis Macro Factors in Bond Risk Premia by : Sydney C. Ludvigson
Download or read book Macro Factors in Bond Risk Premia written by Sydney C. Ludvigson and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Empirical evidence suggests that excess bond returns are forecastable by financial indicators such as forward spreads and yield spreads, a violation of the expectations hypothesis based on constant risk premia. But existing evidence does not tie the forecastable variation in excess bond returns to underlying macroeconomic fundamentals, as would be expected if the forecastability were attributable to time variation in risk premia. We use the methodology of dynamic factor analysis for large datasets to investigate possible empirical linkages between forecastable variation in excess bond returns and macroeconomic fundamentals. We find that several common factors estimated from a large dataset on U.S. economic activity have important forecasting power for future excess returns on U.S. government bonds. Following Cochrane and Piazzesi (2005), we also construct single predictor state variables by forming linear combinations of either five or six estimated common factors. The single state variables forecast excess bond returns at maturities from two to five years, and do so virtually as well as an unrestricted regression model that includes each common factor as a separate predictor variable. The linear combinations we form are driven by both "real" and "inflation" macro factors, in addition to financial factors, and contain important information about one year ahead excess bond returns that is not captured by forward spreads, yield spreads, or the principal components of the yield covariance matrix.
Book Synopsis Stock and Bond Returns with Moody Investors by : Geert Bekaert
Download or read book Stock and Bond Returns with Moody Investors written by Geert Bekaert and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 61 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "We present a tractable, linear model for the simultaneous pricing of stock and bond returns that incorporates stochastic risk aversion. In this model, analytic solutions for endogenous stock and bond prices and returns are readily calculated. After estimating the parameters of the model by the general method of moments, we investigate a series of classic puzzles of the empirical asset pricing literature. In particular, our model is shown to jointly accommodate the mean and volatility of equity and long term bond risk premia as well as salient features of the nominal short rate, the dividend yield, and the term spread. Also, the model matches the evidence for predictability of excess stock and bond returns. However, the stock-bond return correlation implied by the model is somewhat higher than in the data"--National Bureau of Economic Research web site.
Book Synopsis Bond Risk Premia and Realized Jump Volatility by : Jonathan H. Wright
Download or read book Bond Risk Premia and Realized Jump Volatility written by Jonathan H. Wright and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Financial Markets and the Real Economy by : John H. Cochrane
Download or read book Financial Markets and the Real Economy written by John H. Cochrane and published by Now Publishers Inc. This book was released on 2005 with total page 117 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Financial Markets and the Real Economy reviews the current academic literature on the macroeconomics of finance.
Book Synopsis Time Variations in Risk Premia, Volatility, and Reward to Volatility by : Yuming Li
Download or read book Time Variations in Risk Premia, Volatility, and Reward to Volatility written by Yuming Li and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this paper I relate the risk premia in the stock and bond markets to the conditional volatility of returns and time-varying reward-to-volatility variables. I find that the relation between the expected returns on the stocks and bonds and the volatility of returns is time varying. I provide an approach to evaluating the relative importance of the time-varying volatility of returns and reward-to-volatility variables for explaining the predictability of risk premia for stock and bond returns. I show that changing reward-to-volatility variables explain more predictable variation in the risk premia for stocks and bonds than changing volatility of returns.
Book Synopsis Stock and Bond Returns with Moody Investors by : Geert Bekaert
Download or read book Stock and Bond Returns with Moody Investors written by Geert Bekaert and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 61 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We present a tractable, linear model for the simultaneous pricing of stock and bond returns that incorporates stochastic risk aversion. In this model, analytic solutions for endogenous stock and bond prices and returns are readily calculated. After estimating the parameters of the model by GMM, we investigate a series of classic puzzles of the empirical asset pricing literature. In particular, our model is shown to jointly accommodate the mean and volatility of equity and long term bond risk premia as well as salient features of the nominal short rate, the dividend yield, and the term spread. Also, the model matches the evidence for predictability of excess stock and bond returns. However, the stock-bond return correlation implied by the model is somewhat higher than in the data.
Book Synopsis The Cross-Section and Time-Series of Stock and Bond Returns by : Ralph S. J. Koijen
Download or read book The Cross-Section and Time-Series of Stock and Bond Returns written by Ralph S. J. Koijen and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Low realizations of the bond factors, typically at the onset of recessions, coincide with low value-minus-growth returns, low future dividend growth on value-minus-growth, and low future economic growth. This evidence supports the view that the business cycle is a priced state variable in stock markets. Because of this new nexus between stock and bond markets, a parsimonious three-factor model can be used to jointly price the book-to-market stock and maturity-sorted bond portfolios and reproduce the time-series variation in expected bond returns. Structural dynamic asset pricing models need to include a central role for the business cycle as a priced state variable to be quantitatively consistent with the observed value, equity, and bond risk premia.
Download or read book Volatility written by Robert A. Jarrow and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by a number of authors, this text is aimed at market practitioners and applies the latest stochastic volatility research findings to the analysis of stock prices. It includes commentary and analysis based on real-life situations.
Book Synopsis Endogenous Risk-taking and Risk Premia Dynamics by : Serhiy Kozak
Download or read book Endogenous Risk-taking and Risk Premia Dynamics written by Serhiy Kozak and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: I use a general equilibrium model to jointly explain the time-variation in real bond and stock risk premia along with time-variation in the comovement of realized returns. The model features multiple investment technologies and produces stock and real bond return correlation which changes both in magnitude and sign. The model also delivers a time-varying real term premium that changes sign. I find that changes in investors' appetite for risk are an important source of variation in asset prices. In response to this shock, the term premium and the stock risk premium move in opposite directions. Real default-free bonds are good hedges against an increase in stock discount rates, especially when the level of stock discount rates is high. In those times the bond risk premium and bond-stock correlations are negative (and vice versa). An empirical ICAPM with shocks to discount rates as a factor jointly prices the cross-section of bonds (by maturity) and stock portfolios (value, size, momentum).
Book Synopsis Bond Risk Premia by : John Howland Cochrane
Download or read book Bond Risk Premia written by John Howland Cochrane and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper studies time variation in expected excess bond returns. We run regressions of annual excess returns on forward rates. We find that a single factor predicts 1-year excess returns on 1-5 year maturity bonds with an R2 up to 43%. The single factor is a tent-shaped linear function of forward rates. The return forecasting factor has a clear business cycle correlation: Expected returns are high in bad times, and low in good times, and the return-forecasting factor forecasts long-run output growth. The return-forecasting factor also forecasts stock returns, suggesting a common time-varying premium for real interest rate risk. The return forecasting factor is poorly related to level, slope, and curvature movements in bond yields. Therefore, it represents a source of yield curve movement not captured by most term structure models. Though the return-forecasting factor accounts for more than 99% of the time-variation in expected excess bond returns, we find additional, very small factors that forecast equally small differences between long term bond returns, and hence statistically reject a one-factor model for expected returns
Book Synopsis Essays on Temporal and Cross-sectional Variation in the Expected Return of Risky Securities, and Tests of Portfolio Efficiency by : Mark Britten-Jones
Download or read book Essays on Temporal and Cross-sectional Variation in the Expected Return of Risky Securities, and Tests of Portfolio Efficiency written by Mark Britten-Jones and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis High Returns from Low Risk by : Pim van Vliet
Download or read book High Returns from Low Risk written by Pim van Vliet and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-01-17 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Believing "high-risk equals high-reward" is holding your portfolio hostage High Returns from Low Risk proves that low-volatility, low-risk portfolios beat high-volatility portfolios hands down, and shows you how to take advantage of this paradox to dramatically improve your returns. Investors traditionally view low-risk stocks as safe but unprofitable, but this old canard is based on a flawed premise; it fails to see beyond the monthly horizon, and ignores compounding returns. This book updates the thinking and brings reality to modelling to show how low-risk stocks actually outperform high-risk stocks by an order of magnitude. Easy to read and easy to implement, the plan presented here will help you construct a portfolio that delivers higher returns per unit of risk, and explains how to achieve excellent investment results over the long term. Do you still believe that investors are rewarded for bearing risk, and that the higher the risk, the greater the reward? That old axiom is holding you back, and it is time to start seeing the whole picture. This book shows you, through deep historical simulation, how to reap the rewards of smarter investing. Learn how and why low-risk, low-volatility stocks beat the market Discover the formula that outperforms Greenblatt's Construct your own low-risk portfolio Select the right ETF or low-risk fund to manage your money Great returns and lower risk sound like a winning combination — what happens once everyone is doing it? The beauty of the low-risk strategy is that it continues to work even after the paradox is widely known; long-term investment success is possible for anyone who can shake off the entrenched wisdom and go low-risk. High Returns from Low Risk provides the proof, model and strategy to reign in your exposure while raking in the profit.
