Risk Assessment Is A Developing Science

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Science and Decisions

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309120462
Total Pages : 422 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Science and Decisions by : National Research Council

Download or read book Science and Decisions written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2009-03-24 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Risk assessment has become a dominant public policy tool for making choices, based on limited resources, to protect public health and the environment. It has been instrumental to the mission of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as well as other federal agencies in evaluating public health concerns, informing regulatory and technological decisions, prioritizing research needs and funding, and in developing approaches for cost-benefit analysis. However, risk assessment is at a crossroads. Despite advances in the field, risk assessment faces a number of significant challenges including lengthy delays in making complex decisions; lack of data leading to significant uncertainty in risk assessments; and many chemicals in the marketplace that have not been evaluated and emerging agents requiring assessment. Science and Decisions makes practical scientific and technical recommendations to address these challenges. This book is a complement to the widely used 1983 National Academies book, Risk Assessment in the Federal Government (also known as the Red Book). The earlier book established a framework for the concepts and conduct of risk assessment that has been adopted by numerous expert committees, regulatory agencies, and public health institutions. The new book embeds these concepts within a broader framework for risk-based decision-making. Together, these are essential references for those working in the regulatory and public health fields.

Risk Assessment is a Developing Science

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 32 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Risk Assessment is a Developing Science by :

Download or read book Risk Assessment is a Developing Science written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Science and Judgment in Risk Assessment

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 030904894X
Total Pages : 668 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Science and Judgment in Risk Assessment by : National Research Council

Download or read book Science and Judgment in Risk Assessment written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1994-01-01 with total page 668 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The public depends on competent risk assessment from the federal government and the scientific community to grapple with the threat of pollution. When risk reports turn out to be overblownâ€"or when risks are overlookedâ€"public skepticism abounds. This comprehensive and readable book explores how the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) can improve its risk assessment practices, with a focus on implementation of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments. With a wealth of detailed information, pertinent examples, and revealing analysis, the volume explores the "default option" and other basic concepts. It offers two views of EPA operations: The first examines how EPA currently assesses exposure to hazardous air pollutants, evaluates the toxicity of a substance, and characterizes the risk to the public. The second, more holistic, view explores how EPA can improve in several critical areas of risk assessment by focusing on cross-cutting themes and incorporating more scientific judgment. This comprehensive volume will be important to the EPA and other agencies, risk managers, environmental advocates, scientists, faculty, students, and concerned individuals.

Risk Assessment in the Federal Government

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309033497
Total Pages : 206 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Risk Assessment in the Federal Government by : National Research Council

Download or read book Risk Assessment in the Federal Government written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1983-02-01 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The regulation of potentially hazardous substances has become a controversial issue. This volume evaluates past efforts to develop and use risk assessment guidelines, reviews the experience of regulatory agencies with different administrative arrangements for risk assessment, and evaluates various proposals to modify procedures. The book's conclusions and recommendations can be applied across the entire field of environmental health.

The Science of Risk Assessment

Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science. Subcommittee on Energy and Environment
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 648 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis The Science of Risk Assessment by : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science. Subcommittee on Energy and Environment

Download or read book The Science of Risk Assessment written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science. Subcommittee on Energy and Environment and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 648 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Benefit-Risk Assessment in Pharmaceutical Research and Development

Author : Andreas Sashegyi
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 143986795X
Total Pages : 216 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (398 download)

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Book Synopsis Benefit-Risk Assessment in Pharmaceutical Research and Development by : Andreas Sashegyi

Download or read book Benefit-Risk Assessment in Pharmaceutical Research and Development written by Andreas Sashegyi and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2013-11-27 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many practitioners in the pharmaceutical industry are still largely unfamiliar with benefit-risk assessment, despite its growing prominence in drug development and commercialization. Helping to alleviate this knowledge gap, Benefit-Risk Assessment in Pharmaceutical Research and Development provides a succinct overview of the key considerations rele

Environmental Risk Assessment

Author : Ted Simon
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1000754375
Total Pages : 302 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (7 download)

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Book Synopsis Environmental Risk Assessment by : Ted Simon

Download or read book Environmental Risk Assessment written by Ted Simon and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-12-06 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of risk assessment is to support science-based decisions about how to solve complex societal problems. Indeed, the problems humankind faces in the 21st century have many social, political, and technical complexities. Environmental risk assessment in particular is of increasing importance as health and safety regulations grow and become more complicated. Environmental Risk Assessment: A Toxicological Approach, 2nd Edition looks at various factors relating to exposure and toxicity, human health, and risk. In addition to the original chapters being updated and expanded upon, four new chapters discuss current software and platforms that have recently been developed and provide examples of risk characterizations and scenarios. Features: Introduces the science of risk assessment—past, present, and future Provides environmental sampling data for conducting practice risk assessments Considers how bias and conflict of interest affect science-based decisions in the 21st century Includes fully worked examples, case studies, discussion questions, and suggestions for additional reading Discusses new software and computational platforms that have developed since the first edition Aimed at the next generation of risk assessors and students who need to know more about developing, conducting, and interpreting risk assessments, the book delivers a comprehensive view of the field, complete with sufficient background to enable readers to probe for themselves the science underlying the key issues in environmental risk.

Risk Science and Sustainability

Author : Tom Beer
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401001677
Total Pages : 245 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (1 download)

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Book Synopsis Risk Science and Sustainability by : Tom Beer

Download or read book Risk Science and Sustainability written by Tom Beer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 245 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 1 AUK ISMAIL-ZADEH ,2, TOM BEER3 1 International Institute of Earthquake Prediction Theory and Mathematical Geophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Warshavskoye shosse 79-2, Moscow 113556, Russia; e-mail: [email protected] 2 Geophysikalisches Institut, Universittit Karlsruhe, Hertzstr. 16, Karlsruhe 76187, Germany; e-mail: [email protected] 3 CSIRO Environmental Risk Network, CSIRO Atmospheric Research, Aspendale, Vic. 3195 Australia; e-mail: [email protected] The world faces major threats to the sustainability of our planet. These threats are accompanied by the immediate dangers of natural and man-made disasters. Our vulnerability to them is greatly magnified with each passing year undermining our ability to maintain a sustainable and productive world into the 21st Century and beyond. Both history and common sense teach us that science has a tremendous potential to find ways to cope with these threats. 1 The EUROSCIENCE working group "Science and Urgent Problems of Society" 2 and the IUGG Commission on Geophysical Risk and Sustainability were initiators of the EUROSCIENCE - IUGG Advanced Research Workshop "Science for Reduction of Risk and Sustainable Development of Society" sponsored by the NATO Science Program. The Workshop was held on 15-16 June 2002 in Budapest, Hungary. More than 40 participants from 17 countries took part in the Workshop. Talks and discussions addressed mainly the question of how science can help in reduction of risk and sustainable development of society.

Scientific Frontiers in Developmental Toxicology and Risk Assessment

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309070864
Total Pages : 348 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Scientific Frontiers in Developmental Toxicology and Risk Assessment by : National Research Council

Download or read book Scientific Frontiers in Developmental Toxicology and Risk Assessment written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-12-21 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scientific Frontiers in Developmental Toxicology and Risk Assessment reviews advances made during the last 10-15 years in fields such as developmental biology, molecular biology, and genetics. It describes a novel approach for how these advances might be used in combination with existing methodologies to further the understanding of mechanisms of developmental toxicity, to improve the assessment of chemicals for their ability to cause developmental toxicity, and to improve risk assessment for developmental defects. For example, based on the recent advances, even the smallest, simplest laboratory animals such as the fruit fly, roundworm, and zebrafish might be able to serve as developmental toxicological models for human biological systems. Use of such organisms might allow for rapid and inexpensive testing of large numbers of chemicals for their potential to cause developmental toxicity; presently, there are little or no developmental toxicity data available for the majority of natural and manufactured chemicals in use. This new approach to developmental toxicology and risk assessment will require simultaneous research on several fronts by experts from multiple scientific disciplines, including developmental toxicologists, developmental biologists, geneticists, epidemiologists, and biostatisticians.

Strengthening Science at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency--National Research Council (NRC) Findings

Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science. Subcommittee on Energy and Environment
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1444 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Strengthening Science at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency--National Research Council (NRC) Findings by : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science. Subcommittee on Energy and Environment

Download or read book Strengthening Science at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency--National Research Council (NRC) Findings written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science. Subcommittee on Energy and Environment and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 1444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Departments of Veterans Affairs and Housing and Urban Development, and Independent Agencies Appropriations for 1997

Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on VA, HUD, and Independent Agencies
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 900 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (18 download)

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Book Synopsis Departments of Veterans Affairs and Housing and Urban Development, and Independent Agencies Appropriations for 1997 by : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on VA, HUD, and Independent Agencies

Download or read book Departments of Veterans Affairs and Housing and Urban Development, and Independent Agencies Appropriations for 1997 written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on VA, HUD, and Independent Agencies and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 900 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Food Safety Policy, Science, and Risk Assessment

Author : Institute of Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309073235
Total Pages : 50 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Food Safety Policy, Science, and Risk Assessment by : Institute of Medicine

Download or read book Food Safety Policy, Science, and Risk Assessment written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2001-03-01 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Institute of Medicine's (IOM's) Food Forum was established in 1993 to allow science and technology leaders in the food industry, top administrators in several federal government agencies from the United States and Canada, representatives from consumer interest groups, and academicians to openly communicate in a neutral setting. The Food Forum provides a mechanism for these diverse groups to discuss food, food safety, and food technology issues and to identify possible approaches for addressing these issues by taking into consideration the often complex interactions among industry, regulatory agencies, consumers, and academia. The objective, however, is to illuminate issues, not to resolve them. Unlike study committees of the IOM, forums cannot provide advice or recommendations to any government agency or other organization. Similarly, workshop summaries or other products resulting from forum activities are precluded from reaching conclusions or recommendations but, instead, are intended to reflect the variety of opinions expressed by the participants. On July 13-14, 1999, the forum convened a workshop on Food Safety Policy, Science, and Risk Assessment: Strengthening the Connection. The purpose of the workshop was to address many of the issues that complicate the development of microbiological food safety policy, focusing on the use of science and risk assessment in establishing policy and in determining the utilization of food safety resources. The purpose was not to find fault with past food safety regulatory activities or food safety policy decisions. Rather, the goal was to determine what actions have been taken in the past to address food safety issues, to consider what influences led to the policies that were put in place, and to explore how improvements can be made in the future. This report is a summary of the workshop presentations. It is limited to the views and opinions of those invited to present at the workshop and reflects their concerns and areas of expertise. As such, the report does not provide a comprehensive review of the research and current status of food safety policy, science, and risk assessment. The organization of the report approximates the order of the presentations at the workshop. The identification of a speaker as an "industry representative" or a "Food and Drug Administration representative" is not intended to suggest that the individual spoke for that organization or others who work there.

Using 21st Century Science to Improve Risk-Related Evaluations

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309453488
Total Pages : 201 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (94 download)

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Book Synopsis Using 21st Century Science to Improve Risk-Related Evaluations by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Download or read book Using 21st Century Science to Improve Risk-Related Evaluations written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-03-16 with total page 201 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the last decade, several large-scale United States and international programs have been initiated to incorporate advances in molecular and cellular biology, -omics technologies, analytical methods, bioinformatics, and computational tools and methods into the field of toxicology. Similar efforts are being pursued in the field of exposure science with the goals of obtaining more accurate and complete exposure data on individuals and populations for thousands of chemicals over the lifespan; predicting exposures from use data and chemical-property information; and translating exposures between test systems and humans. Using 21st Century Science to Improve Risk-Related Evaluations makes recommendations for integrating new scientific approaches into risk-based evaluations. This study considers the scientific advances that have occurred following the publication of the NRC reports Toxicity Testing in the 21st Century: A Vision and a Strategy and Exposure Science in the 21st Century: A Vision and a Strategy. Given the various ongoing lines of investigation and new data streams that have emerged, this publication proposes how best to integrate and use the emerging results in evaluating chemical risk. Using 21st Century Science to Improve Risk-Related Evaluations considers whether a new paradigm is needed for data validation, how to integrate the divergent data streams, how uncertainty might need to be characterized, and how best to communicate the new approaches so that they are understandable to various stakeholders.

Human and Ecological Risk Assessment

Author : Dennis J. Paustenbach
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 111974296X
Total Pages : 1319 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (197 download)

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Book Synopsis Human and Ecological Risk Assessment by : Dennis J. Paustenbach

Download or read book Human and Ecological Risk Assessment written by Dennis J. Paustenbach and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2024-04-15 with total page 1319 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understand the fundamentals of human risk assessment with this introduction and reference Human risk assessments are a precondition for virtually all industrial action or environmental regulation, all the more essential in a world where chemical and environmental hazards are becoming more abundant. These documents catalog potential environmental, toxicological, ecological, or other harms resulting from a particular hazard, from chemical spills to construction projects to dangerous workplaces. They turn on a number of variables, of which the most significant is the degree of human exposure to the hazardous agent or process. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment combines the virtues of a textbook and reference work to introduce and analyze these vital documents. Beginning with the foundational theory of human health risk assessment, it then supplies case studies and detailed analysis illustrating the practice of producing risk assessment documents. Fully updated and authored by leading authorities in the field, the result is an indispensable work. Readers of the second edition of Human and Ecological Risk Assessment will also find: Over 40 entirely new case studies reflecting the latest in risk assessment practice Detailed discussion of hazards including air emissions, contaminated food and soil, hazardous waste sites, and many more Case studies from multiple countries to reflect diverse international standards Human and Ecological Risk Assessment is ideal for professionals and advanced graduate students in toxicology, industrial hygiene, occupational medicine, environmental science, and all related subjects.

The Science and Risk Assessment Behind EPA's Proposed Revisions to the Particulate Matter Air Quality Standards

Author : United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Environment and Public Works
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 216 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis The Science and Risk Assessment Behind EPA's Proposed Revisions to the Particulate Matter Air Quality Standards by : United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Environment and Public Works

Download or read book The Science and Risk Assessment Behind EPA's Proposed Revisions to the Particulate Matter Air Quality Standards written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Environment and Public Works and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Office of the science advisor staff paper risk assessment principles & practices.

Author :
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1428904816
Total Pages : 193 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (289 download)

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Book Synopsis Office of the science advisor staff paper risk assessment principles & practices. by :

Download or read book Office of the science advisor staff paper risk assessment principles & practices. written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2004 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Scientific Review of the Proposed Risk Assessment Bulletin from the Office of Management and Budget

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309178886
Total Pages : 302 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Scientific Review of the Proposed Risk Assessment Bulletin from the Office of Management and Budget by : National Research Council

Download or read book Scientific Review of the Proposed Risk Assessment Bulletin from the Office of Management and Budget written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2007-04-16 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Risk assessments are often used by the federal government to estimate the risk the public may face from such things as exposure to a chemical or the potential failure of an engineered structure, and they underlie many regulatory decisions. Last January, the White House Office of Management and Budget (OMB) issued a draft bulletin for all federal agencies, which included a new definition of risk assessment and proposed standards aimed at improving federal risk assessments. This National Research Council report, written at the request of OMB, evaluates the draft bulletin and supports its overall goals of improving the quality of risk assessments. However, the report concludes that the draft bulletin is "fundamentally flawed" from a scientific and technical standpoint and should be withdrawn. Problems include an overly broad definition of risk assessment in conflict with long-established concepts and practices, and an overly narrow definition of adverse health effects-one that considers only clinically apparent effects to be adverse, ignoring other biological changes that could lead to health effects. The report also criticizes the draft bulletin for focusing mainly on human health risk assessments while neglecting assessments of technology and engineered structures.