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Rheological Behavior Of Heavy Oil And Water Mixtures At High Pressures And High Temperatures
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Book Synopsis Rheological Behavior of Heavy Oil and Water Mixtures at High Pressures and High Temperatures by : Agustinus Setiadarma
Download or read book Rheological Behavior of Heavy Oil and Water Mixtures at High Pressures and High Temperatures written by Agustinus Setiadarma and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Impact of Pressure and Added Diluents on Rheological Properties of Heavy Oils by : Sepideh Mortazavi Manesh
Download or read book Impact of Pressure and Added Diluents on Rheological Properties of Heavy Oils written by Sepideh Mortazavi Manesh and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 165 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The rheological properties of heavy oil and bitumen depend on factors such as temperature, pressure, diluent type and diluent composition, as well as sample shear and thermal histories and shear conditions during measurements. Each of these factors can affect the value of apparent viscosity significantly. Uncertainties in the available literature data arise when one or more of these factors have not been considered and have not been reported. Heavy oil and bitumen exhibit non-Newtonian rheological behaviors at lower temperatures. Methods for detecting and quantifying non-Newtonian behaviors are developed, presented and explored in this work using a well-characterized heavy crude oil. The methods and results presented for Maya crude oil provide a reliable database for rheological model development and evaluation, and a template for assessing the rheological behavior of other heavy crude oils. The thixotropic behavior of Maya crude oil was explored systematically using a stress-controlled rheometer. Thixotropy affects the efficiency and length scale of mixing during blending operations, and flow behaviors in pipes and pipelines following flow disruption where it affects the pressure required to reinitiate flow. Maya crude oil is shown to be a shear thinning fluid below 313 K. The thixotropic behaviors are explored using transient stress techniques (hysteresis loops, step-wise change in shear rate, start-up experiments). The magnitude of the thixotropy effect is larger at lower temperatures. Relationships are identified between rest times and other thixotropic parameters such as hysteresis loop area and stress decay in start-up experiments. Stress growth, which occurs as a result of a step-down in shear rate, is shown to correlate with temperature. The interrelation between rheological behavior of Maya crude oil and its phase behavior is discussed. The effect of pressure on the non-Newtonian rheological properties of Maya crude oil is also investigated over broad ranges of temperature from (258 to 333) K and at pressures up to 150 bar. At fixed temperature, the magnitude of the non-Newtonian behaviors of Maya crude oil appears to increase with increasing the pressure and shear thinning is shown to persist to higher pressures below 313 K. Boundaries of the non-Newtonian region with respect to temperature, pressure and viscosity are identified and discussed. The thixotropic behavior of Maya crude oil is also shown to persist at higher pressure and the recovery of the moduli at rest appears to be faster at elevated pressures than at atmospheric pressure. Understanding the rheological properties of mixtures of heavy oil or bitumen and diluents, specifically at low temperatures, is key in designing different processes employed in production or transportation of these resources reliably and efficiently. The effect of diluents (n-heptane, toluene and toluene + butanone (50/50 vol. %)) on the non-Newtonian behavior of Maya crude oil including shear thinning and thixotropy at temperatures from (258 to 333) K are discussed. Toluene + butanone (50/50 vol.%) addition to Maya crude oil induces the greatest reduction in shear thinning behavior irrespective of temperature. Thixotropic properties of mixtures of Maya crude oil and diluent were studied through start-up experiments. It was shown that toluene + butanone (50/50 vol.%) is the best diluent in moderating the thixotropic effect, while n-heptane showed the most pronounced thixotropic effect. It was shown that toluene + butanone (50/50 vol. %) is more promising in decreasing oil viscosity in comparison to two other diluents tested. Less of this diluent is required to decrease the viscosity to a certain value, which confirms its potential application to be used in the industry as a diluent.
Book Synopsis Theoretical and Numerical Investigation of the Rheology of Heavy Crude Oil by : Fatema Akter Happy
Download or read book Theoretical and Numerical Investigation of the Rheology of Heavy Crude Oil written by Fatema Akter Happy and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The rheological study of heavy crude oil is important in the field of petroleum engineering. The rheological properties of heavy oil (e.g., shear stress, shear rate, viscosity, etc.) depend on several factors including temperature, pressure, surface tension, diluent type and diluent composition, pH, shear stress and thermal histories, memory, and shear conditions during the analysis. The investigation of the rheology of heavy crude oil flow is a critical issue for both upstream and downstream operations. The objective of this study is to perform an investigation on the rheological properties of heavy crude oil to show the effect of shear rate, temperature, and pressure on the viscosity and the shear stress. The aim of this work was to broaden current knowledge of the rheological behavior and flow characterization of heavy crude oil. This paper takes a new look at the shear stress-strain relationship by considering the memory effect along with temperature effect on the shear rate. It is considered that the viscosity of the heavy crude oil is a function of pressure, temperature, and shear rate. As the heavy crude oil is considered as a Bingham fluid, Bingham model is employed here for the analysis. The experimental data from previous studies are used to complete the analysis. To develop the model, a modified Darcy's law that employs the effect of memory on the Bingham model is considered. The effect of temperature has been incorporated by the Arrhenius equation for the development of a new model to study the heavy crude oil rheological behaviors. The relationship between shear stress and viscosity has been shown at different fractional derivative order and time. The validation and the simulation of the model are performed by using the experimental and the field data from the literature. The numerical simulation of this model is conducted by using the MATLAB simulation software. From the sensitivity analysis, it is found that the temperature has the highest impact on the viscosity over the pressure and the shear rate. On the other hand, the pressure shows a strong effect on the shear stress-shear rate relationship over the temperature. In the model analysis, it is found that the fluid memory affects in the Bingham model due to nonlinear behavior of heavy crude oil. The shear stress increases with decreasing viscosity at different fractional derivative order and time. The change in shear stress is high at large fractional derivative. The range of fractional derivative order is from 0.2 to 0.8. When fractional derivative order,
Book Synopsis An Experimental and Modelling Investigation of the Rheological Properties of Water by : Hossein Moradpour
Download or read book An Experimental and Modelling Investigation of the Rheological Properties of Water written by Hossein Moradpour and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Rheology of Heavy Crude Oil and Viscosity Reduction for Pipeline Transportation by : Shadi Hasan
Download or read book Rheology of Heavy Crude Oil and Viscosity Reduction for Pipeline Transportation written by Shadi Hasan and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :ASTM Task Force DO2.O7.OB TF/EC on the Correlation of High-Temperature Oil Rheology with Engine Performance Publisher :ASTM International ISBN 13 : Total Pages :114 pages Book Rating :4.:/5 (318 download)
Book Synopsis The Relationship Between High-temperature Oil Rheology and Engine Operation by : ASTM Task Force DO2.O7.OB TF/EC on the Correlation of High-Temperature Oil Rheology with Engine Performance
Download or read book The Relationship Between High-temperature Oil Rheology and Engine Operation written by ASTM Task Force DO2.O7.OB TF/EC on the Correlation of High-Temperature Oil Rheology with Engine Performance and published by ASTM International. This book was released on 1985 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Thermophysical Properties of Heavy Petroleum Fluids by : Bernardo Carreón-Calderón
Download or read book Thermophysical Properties of Heavy Petroleum Fluids written by Bernardo Carreón-Calderón and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-09-23 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses conventional and new predictive methodologies for estimating thermophysical properties of heavy petroleum fluids. For the unidentifiable fractions forming the fluids, chemical structures are calculated so that property estimation methods for mixtures of identifiable components are now available for such fractions. Chemical and multiphase equilibriums are of utmost importance; hence, the most significant ones involving heavy petroleum fluids are determined and illustrated using advanced equations of state such as sPC-SAFT and EoS/GE. The included phase equilibriums are phase envelopes of reservoir fluids, asymmetric mixtures between light solvents and bitumen including the presence of water and asphaltenes, among others. Besides, heavy petroleum fluids are analyzed from the Newtonian and non-Newtonian viewpoints, exploring their complex rheological behavior. Finally, complemented by online an Excel program for the thermodynamic characterization of unidentifiable petroleum fractions, this book is a useful resource for engineers and researchers in the petroleum industry and is also of interest to students studying chemical and petroleum engineering.
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Phase Behaviour of Solvent(s)/Water/Heavy Oil Systems at High Pressures and Elevated Temperatures Based on Isenthalpic Flash by : Desheng Huang
Download or read book Phase Behaviour of Solvent(s)/Water/Heavy Oil Systems at High Pressures and Elevated Temperatures Based on Isenthalpic Flash written by Desheng Huang and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The hybrid steam-solvent injection processes have been proved to be a promising technique for enhancing heavy oil recovery as they combine the advantages from both heat transfer of steam and mass transfer of solvent(s) to further reduce the viscosity of heavy oil. Multiphase isenthalpic flash calculation is required in compositional simulations of the aforementioned processes, which involve vapour, oleic, and aqueous three-phases since water is inevitably associated with steam injection processes. As such, it is of fundamental and pragmatic importance to accurately quantify the phase behaviour of solvent(s)/water/heavy oil systems at high pressures and elevated temperatures by use of isenthalpic flash algorithms. A modified correlation and a new enthalpy determination algorithm have been developed to more accurately predict ideal gas heat capacities and enthalpies for normal alkanes/alkenes and hydrocarbon fractions, respectively. By assuming that only the presence of water and solvents with high solubilities in water is considered in the aqueous phase, a robust and pragmatic water-associated isenthalpic flash (WAIF) model has been developed to perform multiphase isenthalpic flash calculations for solvent(s)/water/heavy oil mixtures at high pressures and elevated temperatures. The new isenthalpic flash model developed in this work can handle multiphase equilibria flash calculations at high pressures and elevated temperatures. Subsequently, phase boundaries of C3H8/CO2/water/heavy oil mixtures in both the pressure-temperature (P-T) and enthalpy-temperature (H-T) phase diagrams have been determined, respectively. Experimentally, the phase boundary pressures are determined for three C3H8/CO2/water/heavy oil mixtures by using a conventional pressurevolume- temperature (PVT) setup in the P-T phase diagram. Theoretically, the previously developed WAIF model and the new isenthalpic determination algorithm together with the new alpha functions for water and non-water components are applied as the thermodynamic model to reproduce the multiphase boundaries of the aforementioned systems. The water-associated model is able to provide a good prediction of the experimental measurement in terms of phase boundaries and phase compositions. In addition, a new algorithm is developed to determine vapour/liquid/ liquid (VL1L2) phase boundaries of alkane solvent(s)/CO2/heavy oil mixtures. A new thermodynamic model based on the modified Peng-Robinson equation of state (PR EOS) together with the Huron-Vidal mixing rule is developed to experimentally and theoretically quantify the phase behaviour of dimethyl ether (DME)/water/heavy oil mixtures which include polar components. The new model is capable of accurately reproducing the experimentally measured multiphase P-T and H-T boundaries, phase volumes, and swelling factors, while it can also be used to determine DME partition coefficients and DME solubility.
Download or read book Master's Theses Directories written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Education, arts and social sciences, natural and technical sciences in the United States and Canada".
Book Synopsis Proceedings of the International Field Exploration and Development Conference 2022 by : Jia'en Lin
Download or read book Proceedings of the International Field Exploration and Development Conference 2022 written by Jia'en Lin and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-08-05 with total page 7600 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on reservoir surveillance and management, reservoir evaluation and dynamic description, reservoir production stimulation and EOR, ultra-tight reservoir, unconventional oil and gas resources technology, oil and gas well production testing, and geomechanics. This book is a compilation of selected papers from the 12th International Field Exploration and Development Conference (IFEDC 2022). The conference not only provides a platform to exchanges experience, but also promotes the development of scientific research in oil & gas exploration and production. The main audience for the work includes reservoir engineer, geological engineer, enterprise managers, senior engineers as well as professional students.
Book Synopsis Temperature-dependence of Crude Oil-brine Interfacial Rheological Properties by : Kelly Meyers
Download or read book Temperature-dependence of Crude Oil-brine Interfacial Rheological Properties written by Kelly Meyers and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 85 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Low-salinity waterflooding has proven to be a valuable enhanced oil recovery method, improving volumetric sweep efficiency and reducing residual oil saturation. This method, also coined adjusted brine chemistry, has allowed the research community to gain insight into the situationally dominant mechanisms of low-salinity waterflooding. Complex in situ relationships are generally separated into rock-fluid and fluid-fluid interactions. While wettability alteration is utilized to evaluate rock-fluid interactions, rheological properties effectively characterize the crude oil-water interface present to both upstream and downstream operations of the petroleum industry. High interfacial viscoelasticity has been shown to improve oil recovery, but the complex relationships among surface-active organic components are still not understood. Naphthenic acids work in opposition to asphaltenes by softening the interfacial structure creating a film resistant to rupture yet pliable under deformation forces. Due to experimental constraints, rheological evidence of this behavior exists only at low temperatures. A spinning drop tensiometer was used to evaluate the effect of various naphthenic acid species concentration in low-salinity brine on interfacial viscoelastic properties at high temperature. Shear and dilatational rheology experiments provide insight into naphthenic acid behavior at the interface and are qualitatively compared with spinning drop results at low temperature. Spinning drop data, although still under investigation, suggest naphthenic acids have a lesser effect on interfacial viscoelastic properties at high temperature. Titration and partitioning experiments provided analytical support for the temperature-dependent rheological results. The intent of the commissioned spinning drop instrument was to evaluate its ability to characterize interfacial dynamics. Spinning drop data show diverging results with respect to other rheological techniques, introducing the need to further understand this competing phenomenon.
Download or read book Wax Deposition written by Zhenyu Huang and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-03-09 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wax Deposition: Experimental Characterizations, Theoretical Modeling, and Field Practices covers the entire spectrum of knowledge on wax deposition. The book delivers a detailed description of the thermodynamic and transport theories for wax deposition modeling as well as a comprehensive review of laboratory testing for the establishment of appropr
Book Synopsis Oil in the Sea III by : National Research Council
Download or read book Oil in the Sea III written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2003-03-14 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the early 1970s, experts have recognized that petroleum pollutants were being discharged in marine waters worldwide, from oil spills, vessel operations, and land-based sources. Public attention to oil spills has forced improvements. Still, a considerable amount of oil is discharged yearly into sensitive coastal environments. Oil in the Sea provides the best available estimate of oil pollutant discharge into marine waters, including an evaluation of the methods for assessing petroleum load and a discussion about the concerns these loads represent. Featuring close-up looks at the Exxon Valdez spill and other notable events, the book identifies important research questions and makes recommendations for better analysis ofâ€"and more effective measures againstâ€"pollutant discharge. The book discusses: Inputâ€"where the discharges come from, including the role of two-stroke engines used on recreational craft. Behavior or fateâ€"how oil is affected by processes such as evaporation as it moves through the marine environment. Effectsâ€"what we know about the effects of petroleum hydrocarbons on marine organisms and ecosystems. Providing a needed update on a problem of international importance, this book will be of interest to energy policy makers, industry officials and managers, engineers and researchers, and advocates for the marine environment.
Book Synopsis High Pressure Rheology for Quantitative Elastohydrodynamics by : Scott S. Bair
Download or read book High Pressure Rheology for Quantitative Elastohydrodynamics written by Scott S. Bair and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2007-03-06 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Computational elastohydrodynamics, a part of tribology, has existed happily enough for about fifty years without the use of accurate models for the rheology of the liquids used as lubricants. For low molecular weight liquids, such as low viscosity mineral oils, it has been possible to calculate, with precision, the film thickness in a concentrated contact provided that the pressure and temperature are relatively low, even when the pressure variation of viscosity is not accurately modelled in detail. Other successes have been more qualitative in nature, using effective properties which come from the fitting of parameters used in calculations to experimental measurements of the contact behaviour, friction or film thickness. High Pressure Rheology for Quantitative Elastohydrodynamics is intended to provide a sufficiently accurate framework for the rheology of liquids at elevated pressure that it may be possible for computational elastohydrodynamics to discover the relationships between the behaviour of a lubricated concentrated contact and the measurable properties of the liquid lubricant. The required high-pressure measurement techniques are revealed in detail and data are presented for chemically well-defined liquids that may be used as quantitative reference materials. * Presents the property relations required for a quantitative calculation of the tribological behaviour of lubricated concentrated contacts.* Details of high-pressure experimental techniques.* Complete description of the pressure and temperature dependence of viscosity for high pressures.* Some little-known limitations on EHL modelling.
Book Synopsis Measurements and Modeling of Hydrocarbon Mixture Fluid Properties Under Extreme Temperature and Pressure Conditions by : Babatunde A. Bamgbade
Download or read book Measurements and Modeling of Hydrocarbon Mixture Fluid Properties Under Extreme Temperature and Pressure Conditions written by Babatunde A. Bamgbade and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Knowledge of thermodynamic fluid properties, such as density and phase behavior, is important for the design, operation, and safety of several processes including drilling, extraction, transportation, and separation that are required in the petroleum. The knowledge is even more critical at extreme temperature and pressure conditions as the search for more crude oil reserves lead to harsher conditions. Currently, there is dearth of experimental data at these conditions and as such, the predictive capability of the existing modeling tools are unproven. The objective of this research is to develop a fundamental understanding of the impact of molecular architecture on fluid phase behavior at temperatures to 523 K (250 °C) and pressures to 275 MPa (40,000 psi). These high-temperature and high-pressure (HTHP) conditions are typical of operating conditions often encountered in petroleum exploration and recovery from ultra-deep wells that are encountered in the Gulf of Mexico. This Ph. D. study focuses on the fluid phase behavior of a low molecular weight compound, two moderately high molecular weight compounds, three asymmetric binary mixtures of a light gas and a heavy hydrocarbon compound with varying molecular size. The compounds are selected to represent the family of saturated compounds found in typical crude oils. Furthermore, this study reports experimental data for two "dead" crude oil samples obtained from the Gulf of Mexico and their mixtures with methane from ambient to HTHP conditions. A variable-volume view cell coupled with a linear variable differential transformer is used to experimentally measure the high-pressure properties of these compounds and mixtures. The reported density data compare well to the limited available data in the literature with deviations that are less than 0.9%, which is the experimental uncertainty of the density data reported in this study. The phase behavior and density data obtained in this study are modeled using the Peng-Robinson (PR), the volume-translated (VT) PR, and the Perturbed-Chain Statistical Associating Fluid Theory (PC-SAFT) equations of state (EoS). The EoS pure component parameters, typically obtained from the open literature, are derived from fitting the particular EoS to, critical point, or to vapor pressure and saturated liquid density data, or to HTHP density data. For the density data reported here, the PREoS provided the worst predictions, while the VT-PREoS gives an improved performance as compared to the PREoS. However, the PC-SAFT EoS provided the best HTHP density predictions especially when using HTHP pure component parameters. The situation is however reversed in the modeling performance for the phase behavior data whereby the PC-SAFT EoS with HTHP parameters provided the worst vapor-liquid equilibria predictions. Better predictions are obtained with the PC-SAFT EoS when using parameters obtained from fit of the vapor pressure data and is comparable to the PREoS predictions. This reversal in performance is not surprising since the phase behavior data occur at moderately low pressures. The performance of the PC-SAFT EoS is extended to the experimental density data reported for the dead crude oil samples and their mixtures with methane. The PC-SAFT EoS with either set of pure component parameters yield similar predictions that are within 3% of the reported crude oil density data. However, when using the HTHP parameters, the PC-SAFT gives a good representation of the slope of experimental data, which is crucial in the calculation of second-derivative properties such has isothermal compressibility. The PC-SAFT EoS is also employed to model the crude oil HTHP density data for both the dead crude oils and their mixtures with methane using correlations for both the Low-P parameters and the HTHP parameters. The Low-P parameters are derived from fitting the PC-SAFT EoS to pure compound vapor pressure and saturated liquid density data, while the HTHP parameters are obtained from fitting the PC-SAFT EoS to pure compound HTHP liquid density data. Interestingly, the PC-SAFT EoS with the Low-P parameters provided better HTHP density predictions that are within 1.5% of the experimental data for the dead oils than the HTHP parameters that are within 2 to 4% of the data. Density predictions for the dead oil mixtures with methane are however comparable for both sets of parameters and are within 1% on average. However, the PC-SAFT EoS with HTHP parameters clearly provided better representation of the isothermal property, a derivative property obtained from density data, within 10% while predictions with the Low-P parameters can be as high as 37%. The successful completion of the thesis work expands the current knowledge base of fluid phase behavior at the extreme operating conditions encountered by engineers in the petroleum industries. Furthermore, the reported HTHP experimental data also provide a means to scientists and researchers for the development, improvement, and validation of equations with improved modeling performance.
Book Synopsis Petroleum Abstracts. Literature and Patents by :
Download or read book Petroleum Abstracts. Literature and Patents written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 1416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
