Reviews Of Accelerator Science And Technology Volume 6 Accelerators For High Intensity Beams

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Reviews Of Accelerator Science And Technology - Volume 6: Accelerators For High Intensity Beams

Author : Alexander Wu Chao
Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 981458326X
Total Pages : 320 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (145 download)

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Book Synopsis Reviews Of Accelerator Science And Technology - Volume 6: Accelerators For High Intensity Beams by : Alexander Wu Chao

Download or read book Reviews Of Accelerator Science And Technology - Volume 6: Accelerators For High Intensity Beams written by Alexander Wu Chao and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2014-04-01 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As particle accelerators strive forever increasing performance, high intensity particle beams become one of the critical demands requested across the board by a majority of accelerator users (proton, electron and ion) and for most applications. Much effort has been made by our community to pursue high intensity accelerator performance on a number of fronts. Recognizing its importance, we devote this volume to Accelerators for High Intensity Beams. High intensity accelerators have become a frontier and a network for innovation. They are responsible for many scientific discoveries and technological breakthroughs that have changed our way of life, often taken for granted. A wide range of topics is covered in the fourteen articles in this volume.

Reviews of Accelerator Science and Technology - Volume 6

Author : Weiren Chou
Publisher : World Scientific Publishing Company
ISBN 13 : 9789814583244
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (832 download)

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Book Synopsis Reviews of Accelerator Science and Technology - Volume 6 by : Weiren Chou

Download or read book Reviews of Accelerator Science and Technology - Volume 6 written by Weiren Chou and published by World Scientific Publishing Company. This book was released on 2014-02-26 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Reviews Of Accelerator Science And Technology - Volume 10: The Future Of Accelerators

Author : Chao Alexander Wu
Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 9811209618
Total Pages : 352 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (112 download)

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Book Synopsis Reviews Of Accelerator Science And Technology - Volume 10: The Future Of Accelerators by : Chao Alexander Wu

Download or read book Reviews Of Accelerator Science And Technology - Volume 10: The Future Of Accelerators written by Chao Alexander Wu and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2019-09-09 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volume 10 in the series of the annual journal Reviews of Accelerator Science and Technology (RAST), will be its final volume. Its theme is 'The Future of Accelerators'. This volume, together with previous 9 volumes, gives readers a complete picture as well as detailed technical information about the accelerator field, and its many driving and fascinating aspects.This volume has 17 articles. The first 15 articles have a different approach from the previous volumes. They emphasize the more personal views, perspectives and advice from the frontier researchers rather than provide a review or survey of a specific subfield. This emphasis is more aligned with the theme of the current volume. The other two articles are dedicated respectively to Leon Lederman and Burton Richter, two prominent leaders of our community who left us last year.

Reviews Of Accelerator Science And Technology - Volume 2: Medical Applications Of Accelerators

Author : Alexander Wu Chao
Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 9814465399
Total Pages : 321 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (144 download)

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Book Synopsis Reviews Of Accelerator Science And Technology - Volume 2: Medical Applications Of Accelerators by : Alexander Wu Chao

Download or read book Reviews Of Accelerator Science And Technology - Volume 2: Medical Applications Of Accelerators written by Alexander Wu Chao and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2009-12-30 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The theme of this volume, “Medical Applications of Accelerators”, is of enormous importance to human health and has a deep impact on our society.The invention of particle accelerators in the early 20th century created a whole new world for producing energetic X-rays, electrons, protons, neutrons and other particle beams. Immediately these beams found revolutionary applications in medicine. There are two important yet distinct medical applications. One is that accelerators produce radioisotopes for various nuclear medicines for millions of patients each year. The other is that accelerators produce particle beams for radiation therapy for the treatment of cancer. The particle beams can be X-rays (generated by high-energy electrons), protons, neutrons or heavy ions such as carbon. Today there are more than 5,000 accelerators routinely used in hospitals all over the world for nuclear medicine and cancer therapy. The great potential of accelerator applications in medicine can hardly be exaggerated.This volume contains 14 articles, all written by distinguished scholars.

Reviews Of Accelerator Science And Technology - Volume 9: Technology And Applications Of Advanced Accelerator Concepts

Author : Alexander Wu Chao
Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 9813209593
Total Pages : 344 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (132 download)

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Book Synopsis Reviews Of Accelerator Science And Technology - Volume 9: Technology And Applications Of Advanced Accelerator Concepts by : Alexander Wu Chao

Download or read book Reviews Of Accelerator Science And Technology - Volume 9: Technology And Applications Of Advanced Accelerator Concepts written by Alexander Wu Chao and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2017-02-20 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since its invention in the 1920s, particle accelerators have made tremendous progress in accelerator science, technology and applications. However, the fundamental acceleration principle, namely, to apply an external radiofrequency (RF) electric field to accelerate charged particles, remains unchanged. As this method (either room temperature RF or superconducting RF) is approaching its intrinsic limitation in acceleration gradient (measured in MeV/m), it becomes apparent that new methods with much higher acceleration gradient (measured in GeV/m) must be found for future very high energy accelerators as well as future compact (table-top or room-size) accelerators. This volume introduces a number of advanced accelerator concepts (AAC) — their principles, technologies and potential applications. For the time being, none of them stands out as a definitive direction in which to go. But these novel ideas are in hot pursuit and look promising. Furthermore, some AAC requires a high power laser system. This has the implication of bringing two different communities — accelerator and laser — to join forces and work together. It will have profound impact on the future of our field.Also included are two special articles, one on 'Particle Accelerators in China' which gives a comprehensive overview of the rapidly growing accelerator community in China. The other features the person-of-the-issue who was well-known nuclear physicist Jerome Lewis Duggan, a pioneer and founder of a huge community of industrial and medical accelerators in the US.

Reviews of Accelerator Science and Technology - Volume 2: Medical Applications of Accelerators

Author : Alexander W. Chao
Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 9814299340
Total Pages : 321 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (142 download)

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Book Synopsis Reviews of Accelerator Science and Technology - Volume 2: Medical Applications of Accelerators by : Alexander W. Chao

Download or read book Reviews of Accelerator Science and Technology - Volume 2: Medical Applications of Accelerators written by Alexander W. Chao and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2009-12-01 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The theme of this volume, ?Medical Applications of Accelerators?, is of enormous importance to human health and has a deep impact on our society.The invention of particle accelerators in the early 20th century created a whole new world for producing energetic X-rays, electrons, protons, neutrons and other particle beams. Immediately these beams found revolutionary applications in medicine. There are two important yet distinct medical applications. On the one hand, accelerators produce radioisotopes for various nuclear medicines for millions of patients each year, and on the other hand, they also produce particle beams for radiation therapy for the treatment of cancer. The particle beams can be X-rays (generated by high-energy electrons), protons, neutrons or heavy ions such as carbon. Today there are more than 5,000 accelerators routinely used in hospitals all over the world for nuclear medicine and cancer therapy. The great potential of accelerator applications in medicine can hardly be exaggerated.This volume contains 14 articles, all written by distinguished scholars.

Reviews Of Accelerator Science And Technology - Volume 8: Accelerator Applications In Energy And Security

Author : Alexander Wu Chao
Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 9813108916
Total Pages : 299 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (131 download)

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Book Synopsis Reviews Of Accelerator Science And Technology - Volume 8: Accelerator Applications In Energy And Security by : Alexander Wu Chao

Download or read book Reviews Of Accelerator Science And Technology - Volume 8: Accelerator Applications In Energy And Security written by Alexander Wu Chao and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2016-03-04 with total page 299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As accelerator science and technology progressed over the past several decades, the accelerators themselves have undergone major improvements in multiple performance factors: beam energy, beam power, and beam brightness. As a consequence, accelerators have found applications in a wide range of fields in our life and in our society. The current volume is dedicated to applications in energy and security, two of the most important and urgent topics in today's world.This volume makes an effort to provide a review as complete and up to date as possible of this broad and challenging subject. It contains overviews on each of the two topics and a series of articles for in-depth discussions including heavy ion accelerator driven inertial fusion, linear accelerator-based ADS systems, circular accelerator-based ADS systems, accelerator-reactor interface, accelerators for fusion material testing, cargo inspection, proton radiography, compact neutron generators and detectors. It also has a review article on accelerator science and technology in Canada with a focus on the TRIUMF laboratory, and an article on the life of Bruno Touschek, a renowned accelerator physicist.

Reviews of Accelerator Science and Technology

Author : Alexander W. Chao
Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 9812835210
Total Pages : 338 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (128 download)

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Book Synopsis Reviews of Accelerator Science and Technology by : Alexander W. Chao

Download or read book Reviews of Accelerator Science and Technology written by Alexander W. Chao and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2008 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Particle accelerators are a major invention of the 20th century. In the last eight decades, they have evolved enormously and have fundamentally changed the way we live, think and work. Accelerators are the most powerful microscopes for viewing the tiniest inner structure of cells, genes, molecules, atoms and their constituents such as protons, neutrons, electrons, neutrinos and quarks. This opens up a whole new world for materials science, chemistry and molecular biology. Accelerators with megawatt beam power may ultimately solve a critical problem faced by our society, namely, the treatment of nuclear waste and the supply of an alternative type of energy. There are also tens of thousands of small accelerators all over the world. They are used every day for medical imaging, cancer therapy, radioisotope production, high-density chip-making, mass spectrometry, cargo x-ray/gamma-ray imaging, detection of explosives and illicit drugs, and weapons. This volume provides a comprehensive review of this driving and fascinating field

Reviews Of Accelerator Science And Technology - Volume 5: Applications Of Superconducting Technology To Accelerators

Author : Alexander Wu Chao
Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 9814449962
Total Pages : 369 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (144 download)

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Book Synopsis Reviews Of Accelerator Science And Technology - Volume 5: Applications Of Superconducting Technology To Accelerators by : Alexander Wu Chao

Download or read book Reviews Of Accelerator Science And Technology - Volume 5: Applications Of Superconducting Technology To Accelerators written by Alexander Wu Chao and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2013-01-28 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past several decades major advances in accelerators have resulted from breakthroughs in accelerator science and accelerator technology. After the introduction of a new accelerator physics concept or the implementation of a new technology, a leap in accelerator performance followed. A well-known representation of these advances is the Livingston chart, which shows an exponential growth of accelerator performance over the last seven or eight decades. One of the breakthrough accelerator technologies that support this exponential growth is superconducting technology. Recognizing this major technological advance, we dedicate Volume 5 of Reviews of Accelerator Science and Technology (RAST) to superconducting technology and its applications.Two major applications are superconducting magnets (SC magnets) and superconducting radio-frequency (SRF) cavities. SC magnets provide much higher magnetic field than their room-temperature counterparts, thus allowing accelerators to reach higher energies with comparable size as well as much reduced power consumption. SRF technology allows field energy storage for continuous wave applications and energy recovery, in addition to the advantage of tremendous power savings and better particle beam quality. In this volume, we describe both technologies and their applications. We also include discussion of the associated R&D in superconducting materials and the future prospects for these technologies.

Planet Formation and Panspermia

Author : Joseph Seckbach
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119640938
Total Pages : 354 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (196 download)

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Book Synopsis Planet Formation and Panspermia by : Joseph Seckbach

Download or read book Planet Formation and Panspermia written by Joseph Seckbach and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-09-27 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An in-depth view of the panspermia hypothesis examined against the latest knowledge of planetary formation and related processes. Panspermia is the concept that life can be passively transported through space on various bodies and seed, habitable planets and moons, which we are beginning to learn may exist in large numbers. It is an old idea, but not popular with those who prefer that life on Earth started on Earth, an alternative, also unproven hypothesis. This book updates the concept of panspermia in the light of new evidence on planet formation, molecular clouds, solar system motions, supernovae ejection mechanisms, etc. Thus, it is to be a book about newly understood prospects for the movement of life through space. The novel approach presented in this book gives new insights into the panspermia theory and its connection with planetary formation and the evolution of galaxies. This offers a good starting point for future research proposals about exolife and a better perspective for empirical scrutiny of panspermia theory. Also, the key to understanding life in the universe is to understand that the planetary formation process is convolved with the evolution of stellar systems in their galactic environment. The book provides the synthesis of all these elements and gives the readers an up-to-date insight on how panspermia might fit into the big picture. Audience Given the intrinsic interdisciplinary nature of the panspermia hypothesis the book will have a wide audience across various scientific disciplines covering astronomy, biology, physics and chemistry. Apart from scientists, the book will appeal to engineers who are involved in planning and realization of future space missions.

Reviews Of Accelerator Science And Technology - Volume 4: Accelerator Applications In Industry And The Environment

Author : Alexander Wu Chao
Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 9814452793
Total Pages : 300 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (144 download)

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Book Synopsis Reviews Of Accelerator Science And Technology - Volume 4: Accelerator Applications In Industry And The Environment by : Alexander Wu Chao

Download or read book Reviews Of Accelerator Science And Technology - Volume 4: Accelerator Applications In Industry And The Environment written by Alexander Wu Chao and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2012-02-20 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since their debut in the late 1920s, particle accelerators have evolved into a backbone for the development of science and technology in modern society. Of about 30,000 accelerators at work in the world today, a majority is for applications in industry (about 20,000 systems worldwide).There are two major categories of industrial applications: materials processing and treatment, and materials analysis. Materials processing and treatment includes ion implantation (semi-conductor materials, metals, ceramics, etc.) and electron beam irradiation (sterilization of medical devices, food pasteurization, treatment of carcasses and tires, cross-linking of polymers, cutting and welding, curing of composites, etc.). Materials analysis covers ion beam analysis (IBA), non-destructive detection using photons and neutrons, as well as accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS). All the products that are processed, treated and inspected using beams from particle accelerators are estimated to have a collective value of US$500 billion per annum worldwide. Accelerators are also applied for environment protection, such as purifying drinking water, treating waste water, disinfecting sewage sludge and removing pollutants from flue gases.Industrial accelerators continue to evolve, in terms of new applications, qualities and capabilities, and reduction of their costs. Breakthroughs are encountered whenever a new product is made, or an existing product becomes more cost effective. Their impact on our society continues to grow with the potential to address key issues in economics or the society of today.This volume contains fourteen articles, all authored by renowned scientists in their respective fields.

Reviews of Accelerator Science and Technology

Author : Alex Chao
Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 9814383996
Total Pages : 300 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (143 download)

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Book Synopsis Reviews of Accelerator Science and Technology by : Alex Chao

Download or read book Reviews of Accelerator Science and Technology written by Alex Chao and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2012-02-20 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since their debut in the late 1920s, particle accelerators have evolved into a backbone for the development of science and technology in modern society. Of about 30,000 accelerators at work in the world today, a majority is for applications in industry (about 20,000 systems worldwide). There are two major categories of industrial applications: materials processing and treatment, and materials analysis. Materials processing and treatment includes ion implantation (semi-conductor materials, metals, ceramics, etc.) and electron beam irradiation (sterilization of medical devices, food pasteurization, treatment of carcasses and tires, cross-linking of polymers, cutting and welding, curing of composites, etc.). Materials analysis covers ion beam analysis (IBA), non-destructive detection using photons and neutrons, as well as accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS). All the products that are processed, treated and inspected using beams from particle accelerators are estimated to have a collective value of US$500 billion per annum worldwide. Accelerators are also applied for environment protection, such as purifying drinking water, treating waste water, disinfecting sewage sludge and removing pollutants from flue gases. Industrial accelerators continue to evolve, in terms of new applications, qualities and capabilities, and reduction of their costs. Breakthroughs are encountered whenever a new product is made, or an existing product becomes more cost effective. Their impact on our society continues to grow with the potential to address key issues in economics or the society of today. This volume contains fourteen articles, all authored by renowned scientists in their respective fields.

CERN Courier

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 574 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)

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Book Synopsis CERN Courier by :

Download or read book CERN Courier written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 574 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Reviews Of Accelerator Science And Technology - Volume 3: Accelerators As Photon Sources

Author : Alexander Wu Chao
Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 9814462020
Total Pages : 299 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (144 download)

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Book Synopsis Reviews Of Accelerator Science And Technology - Volume 3: Accelerators As Photon Sources by : Alexander Wu Chao

Download or read book Reviews Of Accelerator Science And Technology - Volume 3: Accelerators As Photon Sources written by Alexander Wu Chao and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2011-01-20 with total page 299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the last half century we have witnessed tremendous progress in the production of high-quality photons by electrons in accelerators. This dramatic evolution has seen four generations of accelerators as photon sources. The 1st generation used the electron storage rings built primarily for high-energy physics experiments, and the synchrotron radiation from the bending magnets was used parasitically. The 2nd generation involved rings dedicated to synchrotron radiation applications, with the radiation again from the bending magnets. The 3rd generation, currently the workhorse of these photon sources, is dedicated advanced storage rings that employ not only bending magnets but also insertion devices (wigglers and undulators) as the source of the radiation. The 4th generation, which is now entering operation, is photon sources based on the free electron laser (FEL), an invention made in the early 1970s.Each generation yielded growths in brightness and time resolution that were unimaginable just a few years earlier. In particular, the progression from the 3rd to 4th generation is a true revolution; the peak brilliance of coherent soft and hard x-rays has increased by 7-10 orders of magnitude, and the image resolution has reached the angstrom (1 Å = 10-10 meters) and femto-second (1 fs = 10-15 second) scales. These impressive capabilities have fostered fundamental scientific advances and led to an explosion of numerous possibilities in many important research areas including material science, chemistry, molecular biology and the life sciences. Even more remarkably, this field of photon source invention and development shows no signs of slowing down. Studies have already been started on the next generation of x-ray sources, which would have a time resolution in the atto-second (1 as = 10-18 second) regime, comparable to the time of electron motion inside atoms. It can be fully expected that these photon sources will stand out among the most powerful future science research tools. The physics community as well as the entire scientific community will hear of many pioneering and groundbreaking research results using these sources in the coming years.This volume contains fifteen articles, all written by leading scientists in their respective fields. It is aimed at the designers, builders and users of accelerator-based photon sources as well as general audience who are interested in this topic.

Development and Applications of Negative Ion Sources

Author : Vadim Dudnikov
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3031284089
Total Pages : 498 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (312 download)

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Book Synopsis Development and Applications of Negative Ion Sources by : Vadim Dudnikov

Download or read book Development and Applications of Negative Ion Sources written by Vadim Dudnikov and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-06-22 with total page 498 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes the development of sources of negative ions and their application in science and industry. It describes the physical foundations and implementation of the key methods of negative ion production and control, such as charge exchange, thermionic emission, plasma volume, secondary emission (sputtering) and surface-plasma sources, as well as the history of their development. Following on from this essential foundational material, the book goes on to explore transport of negative ion beams, and beam-plasma instabilities. Now in its second edition, the book has been substantially expanded and updated to address the many developments since it was first published, most importantly the development and investigation of cesiated surfaces with work function ~1.2-1.3 eV in conditions close to discharges in surface plasma sources. The book also includes a new chapter on development of conversion targets for high-energy neutral beam injectors, covering gas targets, plasma targets and photon targets for efficient conversion of high energy negative ion beams to neutral beams. With exposition accessible at the graduate level, and a comprehensive bibliography, this book will appeal to all students and researchers whose work concerns ion sources and their applications to accelerators, beam physics, storage rings, cyclotrons, and plasma traps.

Reviews Of Accelerator Science And Technology, Volume 1

Author : Alexander Wu Chao
Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 9814469785
Total Pages : 338 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (144 download)

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Book Synopsis Reviews Of Accelerator Science And Technology, Volume 1 by : Alexander Wu Chao

Download or read book Reviews Of Accelerator Science And Technology, Volume 1 written by Alexander Wu Chao and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2008-12-03 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Particle accelerators are a major invention of the 20th century. In the last eight decades,they have evolved enormously and have fundamentally changed the way we live, think and work.Accelerators are the most powerful microscopes for viewing the tiniest inner structure of cells, genes, molecules, atoms and their constituents such as protons, neutrons, electrons, neutrinos and quarks. This opens up a whole new world for materials science, chemistry and molecular biology. Accelerators with megawatt beam power may ultimately solve a critical problem faced by our society, namely, the treatment of nuclear waste and the supply of an alternative type of energy.There are also tens of thousands of small accelerators all over the world. They are used every day for medical imaging, cancer therapy, radioisotope production, high-density chip-making, mass spectrometry, cargo x-ray/gamma-ray imaging, detection of explosives and illicit drugs, and weapons. This volume provides a comprehensive review of this driving and fascinating field.The poster (also available in 1118 x 406 mm size) which illustrates the history and development of particle accelerators from 1919 to the future can be purchased separately.

Reviews of Accelerator Science and Technology

Author : Alexander W. Chao
Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 9814340383
Total Pages : 185 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (143 download)

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Book Synopsis Reviews of Accelerator Science and Technology by : Alexander W. Chao

Download or read book Reviews of Accelerator Science and Technology written by Alexander W. Chao and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2011-01-20 with total page 185 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the last half century we have witnessed tremendous progress in the production of high-quality photons by electrons in accelerators. This dramatic evolution has seen four generations of accelerators as photon sources. The 1st generation used the electron storage rings built primarily for high-energy physics experiments, and the synchrotron radiation from the bending magnets was used parasitically. The 2nd generation involved rings dedicated to synchrotron radiation applications, with the radiation again from the bending magnets. The 3rd generation, currently the workhorse of these photon sources, is dedicated advanced storage rings that employ not only bending magnets but also insertion devices (wigglers and undulators) as the source of the radiation. The 4th generation, which is now entering operation, is photon sources based on the free electron laser (FEL), an invention made in the early 1970s. Each generation yielded growths in brightness and time resolution that were unimaginable just a few years earlier. In particular, the progression from the 3rd to 4th generation is a true revolution; the peak brilliance of coherent soft and hard x-rays has increased by 7-10 orders of magnitude, and the image resolution has reached the angstrom (1 = 10-10 meters) and femto-second (1 fs = 10-15 second) scales. These impressive capabilities have fostered fundamental scientific advances and led to an explosion of numerous possibilities in many important research areas including material science, chemistry, molecular biology and the life sciences. Even more remarkably, this field of photon source invention and development shows no signs of slowing down. Studies have already been started on the next generation of x-ray sources, which would have a time resolution in the atto-second (1 as = 10-18 second) regime, comparable to the time of electron motion inside atoms. It can be fully expected that these photon sources will stand out among the most powerful future science research tools. The physics community as well as the entire scientific community will hear of many pioneering and groundbreaking research results using these sources in the coming years. This volume contains fifteen articles, all written by leading scientists in their respective fields. It is aimed at the designers, builders and users of accelerator-based photon sources as well as general audience who are interested in this topic.