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Review Of U S Epas Ord Staff Handbook For Developing Iris Assessments
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Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher : ISBN 13 :9780309090889 Total Pages :120 pages Book Rating :4.0/5 (98 download)
Book Synopsis Review of U. S. EPA's ORD Staff Handbook for Developing IRIS Assessments by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book Review of U. S. EPA's ORD Staff Handbook for Developing IRIS Assessments written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by . This book was released on 2022-08-30 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) program develops human health assessments that focus on hazard identification and dose-response analyses for chemicals in the environment. The ORD Staff Handbook for Developing IRIS Assessments (the handbook) provides guidance to scientists who perform the IRIS assessments in order to foster consistency in the assessments and enhance transparency about the IRIS assessment process. At the request of the EPA, this report reviews the procedures and considerations for operationalizing the principles of systematic reviews and the methods described in the handbook for determining the scope of the IRIS assessments, evidence integration, extrapolation techniques, dose-response analyses, and characterization of uncertainties.
Book Synopsis Human and Ecological Risk Assessment by : Dennis J. Paustenbach
Download or read book Human and Ecological Risk Assessment written by Dennis J. Paustenbach and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2024-04-15 with total page 1319 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understand the fundamentals of human risk assessment with this introduction and reference Human risk assessments are a precondition for virtually all industrial action or environmental regulation, all the more essential in a world where chemical and environmental hazards are becoming more abundant. These documents catalog potential environmental, toxicological, ecological, or other harms resulting from a particular hazard, from chemical spills to construction projects to dangerous workplaces. They turn on a number of variables, of which the most significant is the degree of human exposure to the hazardous agent or process. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment combines the virtues of a textbook and reference work to introduce and analyze these vital documents. Beginning with the foundational theory of human health risk assessment, it then supplies case studies and detailed analysis illustrating the practice of producing risk assessment documents. Fully updated and authored by leading authorities in the field, the result is an indispensable work. Readers of the second edition of Human and Ecological Risk Assessment will also find: Over 40 entirely new case studies reflecting the latest in risk assessment practice Detailed discussion of hazards including air emissions, contaminated food and soil, hazardous waste sites, and many more Case studies from multiple countries to reflect diverse international standards Human and Ecological Risk Assessment is ideal for professionals and advanced graduate students in toxicology, industrial hygiene, occupational medicine, environmental science, and all related subjects.
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309474949 Total Pages :130 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (94 download)
Book Synopsis Progress Toward Transforming the Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) Program by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book Progress Toward Transforming the Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) Program written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2018-04-11 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past several years, the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has been transforming the procedures of its Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS), a program that produces hazard and doseâ€'response assessments of environmental chemicals and derives toxicity values that can be used to estimate risks posed by exposures to them. The transformation was initiated after suggestions for program reforms were provided in a 2011 report from the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine that reviewed a draft IRIS assessment of formaldehyde. In 2014, the National Academies released a report that reviewed the IRIS program and evaluated the changes implemented in it since the 2011 report. Since 2014, new leadership of EPA's National Center for Environmental Assessment (NCEA) and IRIS program has instituted even more substantive changes in the IRIS program in response to the recommendations in the 2014 report. Progress Toward Transforming the Integrated Risk Information System Program: A 2018 Evaluation reviews the EPA's progress toward addressing the past recommendations from the National Academies.
Book Synopsis Air Pollution Calculations by : Daniel A. Vallero
Download or read book Air Pollution Calculations written by Daniel A. Vallero and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2023-09-17 with total page 674 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Air Pollution Calculations: Quantifying Pollutant Formation, Transport, Transformation, Fate and Risks, Second Edition enhances the systems science aspects of air pollution, including transformation reactions in soil, water, sediment and biota that contribute to air pollution. This second edition will be an update based on research and actions taken since 2019 that affect air pollution calculations, including new control technologies, emissions measurement, and air quality modeling. Recent court cases, regulatory decisions, and advances in technology are discussed and, where necessary, calculations have been revised to reflect these updates. Sections discuss pollutant characterization, pollutant transformation, and environmental partitioning. Air partitioning, physical transport of air pollutants, air pollution biogeochemistry, and thermal reactions are also thoroughly explored. The author then carefully examines air pollution risk calculations, control technologies and dispersion models. The text wraps with discussions of economics and project management, reliability and failure, and air pollution decision-making. Provides real-life current cases as examples of quantitation of emerging air pollution problems Includes straightforward derivation of equations, giving practitioners and instructors a direct link between first principles of science and applications of technologies Presents example calculations that make scientific theory real for the student and practitioner
Book Synopsis Hayes' Principles and Methods of Toxicology by : A. Wallace Hayes
Download or read book Hayes' Principles and Methods of Toxicology written by A. Wallace Hayes and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2023-07-03 with total page 2143 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hayes’ Principles and Methods of Toxicology has long been established as a reliable and informative reference for the concepts, methodologies, and assessments integral to toxicology. The new edition contains updated and new chapters with the addition of new authors while maintaining the same high standards that have made this book a benchmark resource in the field. Key Features: The comprehensive yet concise coverage of various aspects of fundamental and applied toxicology makes this book a valuable resource for educators, students, and professionals. Questions provided at the end of each chapter allow readers to test their knowledge and understanding of the material covered. All chapters have been updated and over 60 new authors have been added to reflect the dynamic nature of toxicological sciences New topics in this edition include Safety Assessment of Cosmetics and Personal Care Products, The Importance of the Dose/Rate Response, Novel Approaches and Alternative Models, Epigenetic Toxicology, and an Expanded Glossary. The volume is divided into 4 major sections, addressing fundamental principles of toxicology (Section I. "Principles of Toxicology"), major classes of established chemical hazards (Section II. "Agents"), current methods used for the assessment of various endpoints indicative of chemical toxicity (Section III. "Methods"), as well as toxicology of specific target systems and organs (Section IV. "Organ- and System-Specific Toxicology"). This volume will be a valuable tool for the audience that wishes to broaden their understanding of hazards and mechanisms of toxicity and to stay on top of the emerging methods and concepts of the rapidly advancing field of toxicology and risk assessment.
Book Synopsis Particles and Health 2021: an International Conference Addressing Issues in Science and Regulation by : Robert McCunney
Download or read book Particles and Health 2021: an International Conference Addressing Issues in Science and Regulation written by Robert McCunney and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-01-30 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Particles and Health is an international conference taking place in October 2021 addressing issues in science and regulation. Regulatory initiatives in the European Union (EU) have suggested uniform hazard classifications for all poorly soluble low toxicity particles (PSLTs). Examples of PSLTs include carbon black, titanium dioxide and iron oxide, among others. Approaches have also been proposed for setting workplace exposure limits for PSLTs such as those of the German MAK Commission. The conference will include specific sections over a two day period of about 25 presentations, associated with PSLTs regarding the following major topics: (1) human studies, (2) animal inhalation studies associated with lung cancer,(3) animal and human studies associated with non pulmonary impacts, including reproductive, genetic and cardiac effects, and (4) regulatory application of scientific studies. This conference will include presentations regarding: Definition of PSLT’s with attention to both similarities and differences among these substances. • Address scientific studies regarding human health effects of PSLTs. The value of human studies over animal studies-when human-exposed populations can be studied adequately- will be emphasized. • Address translational toxicology challenges, including the appropriateness of rats as models for human lung pathogenesis (particularly lung cancer) in light of lung overload phenomena and species differences. • Serve as a platform to present current scientific information about PSLTs important for regulatory action. • Publication of pertinent conference presentations in the peer reviewed scientific literature will allow the presentations to live beyond the conference and subsequently be reviewed part of regulatory deliberations. • Establish an interdisciplinary setting for industry, academia and regulatory professionals to interact on an important topic. Such interaction can facilitate enhanced understanding of the science and ideally, more appropriate regulations, appropriate classification and labeling as well as for setting exposure limits, among others. • Recommend areas for further clarifying research regarding the significance of the rat as a model for translation toxicology. The goal of this conference is to present current scientific evidence regarding the numerous dimensions of particles and health and to facilitate interaction and discussions among attendees with expertise in toxicology, epidemiology, occupational and pulmonary medicine and exposure assessment. Interactions between these disciplines will aid in the sound and evidence-based scientific underpinning of regulatory considerations regarding PSLTs. Although regulatory concern regarding PSLTs has focused on lung cancer risk as a result of rat inhalation overload studies, this conference will address all relevant health end points, including genetic and reproductive issues as well, consistent with ECHA guidelines. Sample of Topics related to substances that may be characterized as PSLTs, including carbon black, coal, titanium dioxide, cerium oxide, aluminum oxide barium sulfate and iron oxide, among others. • Defining PSLTs • Epidemiological studies of PSLTs • Inhalation studies evaluating human cellular response to particles • Basic research studies on inflammatory to malignancy pathways • Animal studies, PLSTs and human risk: “New Insights into old data.” • New studies on PSLTs; 2 year carcinogenicity assays • Animal studies and gender specific responses to PSLTs. How does the USA National Cancer Institute (NCI) and National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) address this challenge of extrapolating rodent data to human risk assessment? • Role of the rodent model in human risk assessment of PSLTs and lung cancer risk • Adverse Outcome Pathways (AOPs) and Modes of Action (MOA): identification and recommendations for closing gaps in knowledge for rodents and humans. • Are there lessons to be learned from how the pharmaceutical industry’s approach to translational science (safety and efficacy) as evolved in recent years? • Setting exposure limits for PSLTs and Translational Toxicology. • Genotoxicity and Reproductive toxicity studies of PSLTs.
Book Synopsis Review of the Environmental Protection Agency's Draft IRIS Assessment of Formaldehyde by : National Research Council
Download or read book Review of the Environmental Protection Agency's Draft IRIS Assessment of Formaldehyde written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-05-31 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Formaldehyde is ubiquitous in indoor and outdoor air, and everyone is exposed to formaldehyde at some concentration daily. Formaldehyde is used to produce a wide array of products, particularly building materials; it is emitted from many sources, including power plants, cars, gas and wood stoves, and cigarettes; it is a natural product in come foods; and it is naturally present in the human body as a metabolic intermediate. Much research has been conducted on the health effects of exposure to formaldehyde, including effects on the upper airway, where formaldehyde is deposited when inhaled, and effects on tissues distant from the site of initial contact. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) released noncancer and cancer assessments of formaldehyde for its Intergated Risk Information System (IRIS) in 1990 and 1991, respectively. The agency began reassessing formaldehyde in 1998 and released a draft IRIS assessment in June 2010. Given the complexity of the issues and the knowledge that the assessment will be used as the basis of regulatory decisions, EPA asked the National Research Council (NRC) to conduct an independent scientific review of the draft IRIS assessment. In this report, the Committee to Review EPA's Draft IRIS Assessment of Formaldehyde first addresses some general issues associated with the draft IRIS assessment. The committee next focuses on questions concerning specific aspects of the draft assessment, including derivation of the reference concentrations and the cancer unit risk estimates for formaldehyde. The committee closes with recommendations for improving the IRIS assessment of formaldehyde and provides some general comments on the IRIS development process.
Author :United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science and Technology (2007). Subcommittee on Investigations and Oversight Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :236 pages Book Rating :4.0/5 ( download)
Book Synopsis The EPA's IRIS Program by : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science and Technology (2007). Subcommittee on Investigations and Oversight
Download or read book The EPA's IRIS Program written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science and Technology (2007). Subcommittee on Investigations and Oversight and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis MTBE Remediation Handbook by : Ellen Moyer
Download or read book MTBE Remediation Handbook written by Ellen Moyer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 720 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Here is a comprehensive and up-to date compendium of the technology and management of MTBE contamination, exploring the myths which impede successful clean-up techniques, and offering effective solutions. Section I looks at the history, properties, occurrence and assessment of MTBE. Section II discusses applicable remediation technologies. Section III offers remediation case studies.
Book Synopsis Science and Decisions by : National Research Council
Download or read book Science and Decisions written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2009-03-24 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Risk assessment has become a dominant public policy tool for making choices, based on limited resources, to protect public health and the environment. It has been instrumental to the mission of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as well as other federal agencies in evaluating public health concerns, informing regulatory and technological decisions, prioritizing research needs and funding, and in developing approaches for cost-benefit analysis. However, risk assessment is at a crossroads. Despite advances in the field, risk assessment faces a number of significant challenges including lengthy delays in making complex decisions; lack of data leading to significant uncertainty in risk assessments; and many chemicals in the marketplace that have not been evaluated and emerging agents requiring assessment. Science and Decisions makes practical scientific and technical recommendations to address these challenges. This book is a complement to the widely used 1983 National Academies book, Risk Assessment in the Federal Government (also known as the Red Book). The earlier book established a framework for the concepts and conduct of risk assessment that has been adopted by numerous expert committees, regulatory agencies, and public health institutions. The new book embeds these concepts within a broader framework for risk-based decision-making. Together, these are essential references for those working in the regulatory and public health fields.
Book Synopsis Review of the U.S. Navy Environmental Health Center's Health-Hazard Assessment Process by : National Research Council
Download or read book Review of the U.S. Navy Environmental Health Center's Health-Hazard Assessment Process written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-08-23 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A large number of chemicals are used on land at shore facilities, in the air in combat and reconnaissance aircraft, on seas around the world in surface vessels, and in submarine vessels by the navy and marine corps. Although the chemicals used are for the large part harmless, there is a significant amount of chemicals in use that can be health hazards during specific exposure circumstances. The Navy Environmental Health Center (NEHC) is primarily tasked with assessing these hazards. The NEHC completes its tasks by reviewing toxicological and related data and preparing health-hazard assessments (HHAs) for the different chemicals. Since the NEHC is continually asked to develop these HHAs, the National Research Council (NRC) was asked to assess independently the validity and effectiveness of NEHC's HHA process, in order to determine whether the process as implemented provides the Navy with the best, comprehensive, and defensible evaluations of health hazards and to identify any elements that might require improvement. The task was assigned to the Board on Environmental Studies and Toxicology's Committee on Toxicology's (COT's) Subcommittee on Toxicological hazard and Risk Assessment. Review of the U.S. Navy Environmental Health Center's Health-Hazard Assessment Process presents the subcommittee's report. The report is the work of expertise in general toxicology, inhalation toxicology, epidemiology, neurotoxicology, immunotoxicology, reproductive and developmental toxicology, pharmacology, medicine, risk assessment, and biostatistics. It is based on its review of documents provided by NEHC, presentations by NEHC personnel, and site visits to NEHC in Norfolk, Virginia and an aircraft carrier in San Diego, California.
Book Synopsis Environmental Health Perspectives by :
Download or read book Environmental Health Perspectives written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 1576 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on VA, HUD, and Independent Agencies Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :976 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 ( download)
Book Synopsis Departments of Veterans Affairs and Housing and Urban Development, and Independent Agencies Appropriations for 2002 by : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on VA, HUD, and Independent Agencies
Download or read book Departments of Veterans Affairs and Housing and Urban Development, and Independent Agencies Appropriations for 2002 written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on VA, HUD, and Independent Agencies and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 976 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Federal Register written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science and Technology (2007). Subcommittee on Investigations and Oversight Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :144 pages Book Rating :4.:/5 (318 download)
Book Synopsis Fixing EPA's Broken Integrated Risk Information System by : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science and Technology (2007). Subcommittee on Investigations and Oversight
Download or read book Fixing EPA's Broken Integrated Risk Information System written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science and Technology (2007). Subcommittee on Investigations and Oversight and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Environmental Technologies Handbook by : Nicholas P. Cheremisinoff
Download or read book Environmental Technologies Handbook written by Nicholas P. Cheremisinoff and published by Government Institutes. This book was released on 2005 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Environmental Technologies Handbook provides environmental, health and safety professionals with a straightforward, easy-to-use reference guide to new and emerging pollution prevention and control technologies that will help them to meet regulatory obligations, increase sustainability, and ensure social responsibility. An international array of experts explain emerging and proven technologies for multi-media pollution and how they work, allowing readers to evaluate and choose technologies based on their needs and the technologies' cost and labor requirements. This book focuses on recent technology successes, including gasification, pyrolysis, electrochemical processes, photocatalysis, and advanced wastewater treatment technologies. Readers will find extensive coverage of the concepts of risk assessment to environmental media and the impact of advanced concepts of dose-response exposures to risk reduction practices. They will also find an explanation of the methodology and computation methods available for life cycle costing analyses and proper environmental cost accounting.
Book Synopsis The Use of Systematic Review in Epa's Toxic Substances Control ACT Risk Evaluations by : National Academies Of Sciences Engineeri
Download or read book The Use of Systematic Review in Epa's Toxic Substances Control ACT Risk Evaluations written by National Academies Of Sciences Engineeri and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2021-11-16 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Systematic review - a scientific investigation that focuses on a specific question and uses explicit, prespecified scientific methods to identify, select, assess, and summarize the findings of similar but separate studies - has become the foundation for assessing evidence to be used for decision making in a variety of health contexts, including health care and public health. At the request of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), this publication reviews EPA's 2018 guidance document Application of Systematic Review in TSCA (Toxic Substances and Control Act) Risk Evaluations and associated materials to determine whether the process is comprehensive, workable, objective, and transparent.
