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Retinal Changes In Neurological Diseases
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Book Synopsis Retinal Changes in Neurological Diseases by : Yuyi You
Download or read book Retinal Changes in Neurological Diseases written by Yuyi You and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-02-23 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Brain vs Retina - Differences and Commonalities: The Role of Oxidative Stress in Neurodegenerative Diseases by : Jose Hurst
Download or read book Brain vs Retina - Differences and Commonalities: The Role of Oxidative Stress in Neurodegenerative Diseases written by Jose Hurst and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-06-15 with total page 109 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Oxidative stress, free radicals, antioxidants - when it comes to our health, this topic is taking up more and more attention. But what is oxidative stress, how does it arise and what effects does it have on the most sensitive area of our body: the neuronal tissue or the retina. Many neurological diseases affecting the brain or the retina are associated with elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). High levels of ROS can cause damage to proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, membranes, and organelles such as mitochondria, and can be caused not only by external stimuli but also by aging. Most theories on the aging scenario assume that cumulative oxidative stress leads to mitochondrial changes, mitochondrial dysfunction, and oxidative damage. Therefore, it is not surprising that excess ROS is among others associated with the development of a variety of age-related neuronal diseases, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, as well as retinal diseases diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, and age-related macular (AMD) degeneration. The aim of this Research Topic is to answer open questions, to combine already gained knowledge, to close the gaps between ophthalmology and neurology when it comes to oxidative stress in order to understand the underlying pathways and derive innovative therapies. It searches for the updates and new findings in both fields that answer the central question: are the same cell types affected by oxidative stress in the same way in the brain and retina? Experimental studies or patient studies that provide new insights are welcome, as well as studies that investigate antioxidant therapies.
Book Synopsis OCT and Imaging in Central Nervous System Diseases by : Andrzej Grzybowski
Download or read book OCT and Imaging in Central Nervous System Diseases written by Andrzej Grzybowski and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-01-01 with total page 560 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second edition of OCT and Imaging in Central Nervous System Diseases offers updated state-of-the-art advances using optical coherence tomography (OCT) regrading neuronal loss within the retina. Detailed information on the OCT imaging and interpretation is provided for the evaluation of disease progression in numerous neurodegenerative disorders and as a biological marker of neuroaxonal injury. Covering disorders like multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, intracranial hypertension, Friedreich’s ataxia, schizophrenia, hereditary optic neuropathies, glaucoma, and amblyopia, readers will given insights into effects on the retina and the and optic nerve. Individual chapters are also devoted to OCT technique, new OCT technology in neuro-ophthalmology, OCT and pharmacological treatment, and the use of OCT in animal models. Similar to the first edition, this book is an excellent and richly illustrated reference for diagnosis of many retinal diseases and monitoring of surgical and medical treatment. OCT allows to study vision from of the retina to the optic tracts. Retinal axons in the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) are non-myelinated until they penetrate the lamina cribrosa. Hence, the RNFL is an ideal structure for visualization of any process of neurodegeneration, neuroprotection, or regeneration. By documenting the ability of OCT to provide key information on CNS diseases, this book illustrates convincingly that the eye is indeed the “window to the brain”.
Book Synopsis Neuroscience Biomarkers and Biosignatures by : Institute of Medicine
Download or read book Neuroscience Biomarkers and Biosignatures written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2008-01-08 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biomarkers, or biological markers, are quantitative measurements that offer researchers and clinicians valuable insight into diagnosis, treatment and prognosis for many disorders and diseases. A major goal in neuroscience medical research is establishing biomarkers for disorders of the nervous system. Given the promising potential and necessity for neuroscience biomarkers, the Institute of Medicine Forum on Neuroscience and Nervous System Disorders convened a public workshop and released the workshop summary entitled Neuroscience Biomarkers and Biosignatures: Converging Technologies, Emerging Partnerships. The workshop brought together experts from multiple areas to discuss the most promising and practical arenas in neuroscience in which biomarkers will have the greatest impact. The main objective of the workshop was to identify and discuss biomarker targets that are not currently being aggressively pursued but that could have the greatest near-term impact on the rate at which new treatments are brought forward for psychiatric and neurological disorders.
Book Synopsis Behold the Eye in Parkinson's Disease & Alzheimer’s Disease by : Ivan Bodis-Wollner
Download or read book Behold the Eye in Parkinson's Disease & Alzheimer’s Disease written by Ivan Bodis-Wollner and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-01-20 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There are increasing lines of evidence showing that neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) is not limited to the brain but also occurs in the retina. Consequently, AD/PD patients can gradually develop vision problems. This neurological and ophthalmological disorder creates a pressing need for developing therapy to treat vision impairment in AD/PD. On the other hand, pathophysiological changes in the retina may reflect what might happen in the same diseases in the brain. Thus retinal studies may allow us to develop quantifiable measures for the diagnosis and prognosis of disease progression. Furthermore, parallel or early pathophysiological changes of the retina in AD/PD allow us to study retina-brain interactions.
Book Synopsis Seeing Beyond the Eye: The Brain Connection by : Christine Nguyen
Download or read book Seeing Beyond the Eye: The Brain Connection written by Christine Nguyen and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-09-02 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Ocular Motor and Vestibular Function in Neurometabolic, Neurogenetic, and Neurodegenerative Disorders by : Aasef G. Shaikh
Download or read book Ocular Motor and Vestibular Function in Neurometabolic, Neurogenetic, and Neurodegenerative Disorders written by Aasef G. Shaikh and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2018-08-29 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Eye movements provide rich source of information about brain functioning for neurologists and neuroscientists. They provide diagnostic clues, define, and localize motor and cognitive disorders. Objective eye movement assessments associated with clinical observation and genetic testing in neurodegenerative, neurometabolic, and neurogenetic diseases provide insight into their pathophysiology and disease mechanism. Finally the eye movements may be used for testing and following the response to therapies. The concrete value of studying eye movement stems from a number of advantages compared to the study of movements of axial or limb muscles. The eye movements are accessible to clinical inspection, they can be measured precisely, their interpretation is clear and therefore ocular motility examination has high localization value. There are several standardized tasks to study of each subclass of eye movements that are recognized for motor or cognitive behavior. Indeed the studies of eye movement had allowed test of motor and cognitive functions of the brain in a vast range of neurological disease. Both cortical and subcortical dysfunctions may be detected with the analysis of subclasses of eye movements and interpreted in association with other clinical, laboratory and neuroimaging features. The goal of this topic-focused volume of Frontiers in Neurology is to gather seminal studies, from well-known scientists and laboratories from across the world, delineating the features of eye movements and vestibular system in neurogenetic, neurometabolic, and neurodegenerative disorders. Such collection of articles, to our knowledge, is unique and never done in the past. The topics and the compilation will be of interest to broad groups of neuroscientists and neurologists for the reasons as follows: 1) Neurodegenerative diseases represent a large portion of neurological diseases encountered in neurological clinical practice. Eye movement changes may occur early in their course and may be specific, thus orienting the diagnosis. 2) Neurometabolic and neurogenetic conditions, although rare, show specific and characteristic eye movements that represent the hallmark of the disease. Such disorders often represent a pathologic model that helps to understand the normal functioning of specific brain regions and networks.
Book Synopsis Neurodegenerative Diseases by : Shamim I. Ahmad
Download or read book Neurodegenerative Diseases written by Shamim I. Ahmad and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-03-12 with total page 421 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The editor of this volume, having research interests in the field of ROS production and the damage to cellular systems, has identified a number of enzymes showing ·OH scavenging activities details of which are anticipated to be published in the near future as confirmatory experiments are awaited. It is hoped that the information presented in this book on NDs will stimulate both expert and novice researchers in the field with excellent overviews of the current status of research and pointers to future research goals. Clinicians, nurses as well as families and caregivers should also benefit from the material presented in handling and treating their specialised cases. Also the insights gained should be valuable for further understanding of the diseases at molecular levels and should lead to development of new biomarkers, novel diagnostic tools and more effective therapeutic drugs to treat the clinical problems raised by these devastating diseases.
Book Synopsis Aspects of Retinal and Optic Nerve Pathology After Excitotoxic Retinal Injury by : Sarabjit Kaur Saggu
Download or read book Aspects of Retinal and Optic Nerve Pathology After Excitotoxic Retinal Injury written by Sarabjit Kaur Saggu and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 580 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A large body of evidence supports the notion that excitotoxicity plays a major role in the pathogenesis of a number of neurological diseases, including central nervous system (CNS) ischaemia, Alzheimer's disease, motor neurone disease, and glaucoma. In the global population 60 years of age and over, these diseases are among the leading causes of mortality and morbidity. Although the site of excitotoxic injury is principally at the level of the cell body (perikaryal), understanding the secondary effects on the neuronal axon is important because axonopathy is a documented early feature of these common neurological conditions; hence, an understanding of the pattern and mechanisms of secondary axonal degeneration after excitotoxic perikaryal injury could provide novel detection and treatment strategies in the early phase of neurological disease. The retina and optic nerve, as approachable regions of the CNS, provide a unique anatomical substrate to investigate axonal degeneration after perikaryal excitotoxic injury. Spatiotemporal changes in the retina and optic nerve were studied after injection of 20nM of Nmethyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA) in the left eye of the rat with the saline-injected right eye serving as the control. Temporal changes in the morphology of retina and optic nerve were studied by light and electron microscopy. Progressive retinal damage beginning at 72 hrs, seen as thinning of the inner retina and cell loss in the ganglion cell layer, showed strong correlation (R= 0.949) with degenerative changes in the optic nerve; the distal optic nerve segment displayed significantly more axon loss, axon swellings and myelin damage than the proximal segment (p
Book Synopsis Glaucoma: A Neurodegenerative Disease of the Retina and Beyond: Part A by :
Download or read book Glaucoma: A Neurodegenerative Disease of the Retina and Beyond: Part A written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2020-10-05 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Glaucoma: A Pancitopatia of the Retina and Beyond, Volume 257, the latest release in the Progress in Brain Research series, highlights new advances in the field, with this new volume presenting interesting chapters written by an international board of authors. Chapters in this volume include the Genetics of glaucoma, Artificial intelligence and deep learning in glaucoma detection and monitoring, The role of commensal microflora-induced T cells responses in glaucoma neurodegeneration, Retinal cell death in experimental glaucoma, Experimental and clinical evidence on the neuroprotective properties of Citicoline in glaucoma, Glaucoma neurodegeneration and myopia, Neuronal regeneration with pluripotent stem cells in glaucoma, and more. Covers all key aspects of current research on glaucoma Provides extensively referenced chapters, giving readers a comprehensive list of resources on topics covered Includes comprehensive and in-depth background information written in a clear form that is accessible to both specialists and non-specialists
Book Synopsis Optical Coherence Tomography in Neurologic Diseases by : Peter A. Calabresi
Download or read book Optical Coherence Tomography in Neurologic Diseases written by Peter A. Calabresi and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2015-05-14 with total page 235 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first comprehensive review of the use of optical coherence tomography in neurological diseases for neurologists, neuro-ophthalmologists, and neuroradiologists.
Book Synopsis Glaucoma: A Neurodegenerative Disease of the Retina and Beyond Part B by : Vincent Walsh
Download or read book Glaucoma: A Neurodegenerative Disease of the Retina and Beyond Part B written by Vincent Walsh and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2020-10-12 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Glaucoma: A Neurodegenerative Disease of the Retina and Beyond Part B, Volume 257, the latest release in the Progress in Brain Research series, highlights new advances in the field, with this new volume presenting interesting chapters written by an international board of authors. Topics covered in this new release include Glaucoma neurodegeneration and myopia, Links between obstructive sleep apnea and glaucoma neurodegeneration, Artificial intelligence and deep learning in glaucoma: Current state and future prospects, Brain networks reorganization and functional disability in glaucoma, Advanced vascular examinations of the retina and optic nerve head in glaucoma, and much more. Covers all key aspects of current research on glaucoma Provides extensively referenced chapters, giving readers a comprehensive list of resources on topics covered Includes comprehensive and in-depth background information written in a clear form that is accessible to both specialists and non-specialists
Book Synopsis Ocular Motor and Vestibular Function in Neurometabolic, Neurogenetic, and Neurodegenerative Disorders by :
Download or read book Ocular Motor and Vestibular Function in Neurometabolic, Neurogenetic, and Neurodegenerative Disorders written by and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Eye movements provide rich source of information about brain functioning for neurologists and neuroscientists. They provide diagnostic clues, define, and localize motor and cognitive disorders. Objective eye movement assessments associated with clinical observation and genetic testing in neurodegenerative, neurometabolic, and neurogenetic diseases provide insight into their pathophysiology and disease mechanism. Finally the eye movements may be used for testing and following the response to therapies. The concrete value of studying eye movement stems from a number of advantages compared to the study of movements of axial or limb muscles. The eye movements are accessible to clinical inspection, they can be measured precisely, their interpretation is clear and therefore ocular motility examination has high localization value. There are several standardized tasks to study of each subclass of eye movements that are recognized for motor or cognitive behavior. Indeed the studies of eye movement had allowed test of motor and cognitive functions of the brain in a vast range of neurological disease. Both cortical and subcortical dysfunctions may be detected with the analysis of subclasses of eye movements and interpreted in association with other clinical, laboratory and neuroimaging features. The goal of this topic-focused volume of Frontiers in Neurology is to gather seminal studies, from well-known scientists and laboratories from across the world, delineating the features of eye movements and vestibular system in neurogenetic, neurometabolic, and neurodegenerative disorders. Such collection of articles, to our knowledge, is unique and never done in the past. The topics and the compilation will be of interest to broad groups of neuroscientists and neurologists for the reasons as follows: 1) Neurodegenerative diseases represent a large portion of neurological diseases encountered in neurological clinical practice. Eye movement changes may occur early in their course and may be specific, thus orienting the diagnosis. 2) Neurometabolic and neurogenetic conditions, although rare, show specific and characteristic eye movements that represent the hallmark of the disease. Such disorders often represent a pathologic model that helps to understand the normal functioning of specific brain regions and networks.
Book Synopsis Ocular Biomarkers for Early Detection and Monitoring of Alzheimer's Disease by : Shaun M. Frost
Download or read book Ocular Biomarkers for Early Detection and Monitoring of Alzheimer's Disease written by Shaun M. Frost and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 211 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Early detection of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is essential for intervention as subclinical brain changes occur well before the onset of clinical symptoms. Current imaging of amyloid plaques in the brain can detect early signs of AD but these tests are expensive and not practical for population screening. While most AD related pathology occurs in the brain, the disease has also been reported to affect vision and the eye. The retina, at the posterior of the eye, is a developmental outgrowth of the brain which is more accessible for imaging. Retinal degeneration and retinal vascular changes have previously been reported in AD using specialized techniques. AD has also been reported to influence the response of the ocular pupil to a bright flash of light, a response dependent on the cholinergic system which is impaired in AD. Research for this thesis involved collection and analysis of retinal photographs and pupil flash response parameters from participants at the McCusker Alzheimer s Disease Research Foundation (MARF) in Perth, Australia. Data was collected from AD, mild cognitively impaired (MCI) and healthy control (HC) participants from the Australian Imaging, Biomarkers and Lifestyle (AIBL) Flagship Study of Ageing, and from participants in the Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network (DIAN) study. This is the first study to investigate the retina or pupil flash response with respect to brain plaque burden, the neuropathological hallmark of AD. This approach has allowed further illumination of the connection between ocular changes and AD. It is also the first study to investigate retinal vascular changes in AD using the cost-effective and widely available retinal photography technique and hence is pertinent to the development of a population screening test for AD. The results demonstrate relationships between retinal vascular abnormalities, neocortical plaque burden and AD, and also between pupil flash response parameters, neocortical plaque burden and AD. Some ocular parameters that are found to be different in AD are also associated with elevated neocortical plaque burden in pre-clinical stages of AD, demonstrating potential as biomarkers for early, specific detection of AD. In addition, some ocular parameters were associated with longitudinal increase in neocortical plaque burden in healthy controls. These findings have been published or accepted for publication in a number of peer-reviewed journal articles. This thesis explores similarities between AD and the retinal diseases glaucoma and age-related macular degeneration and investigates signs of retinopathy in AD. Advances in research into these diseases, or pooling of research efforts, may provide novel directions for therapies and tests, and hence may have broad impact in both ophthalmology and neurology. The ocular changes reported in this thesis show potential to contribute toward a non-invasive, cost-effective screening test for pre-clinical AD and also to monitor response to treatment. An accurate, early diagnostic test for AD would enable current and future treatments to be more clinically effective, in addition to accelerating the development of new treatments. The findings of this thesis are considered relative to the existing literature.
Book Synopsis Eye Movement Disorders by : E.A.C.M. Sanders
Download or read book Eye Movement Disorders written by E.A.C.M. Sanders and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is perhaps no area of neuro-ophthalmology that is advancing more rapidly with respect to an understanding of its anatomy and physiology than the ocular motor system. For this reason, it is difficult not only to keep up with the latest information concerning the basic mechanisms involved in the control of eye movements but also to remain up to date regarding the pathophysiology of specific disorders of eye movement. The material in this book is derived from a two-day course on eye movements held in The Netherlands in 1986. The course was designed as an introduction to the normal ocular motor system and to disorders of eye movements and was aimed toward orthoptists, ophthalmolo gists, optometrists, neurologists, and neurosurgeons. The chapters in this book were compiled by a trio of experts in the field of eye movements and contain discussions of anatomy and physiology of the ocular motor system, techniques of examination of patients with diplopia, and pathophysiology of specific disorders of ocular motility. Many of the authors of these chapters are among the most active investigators of eye movements in the world today, and their comments thus reflect the latest information in the field. This text is both basic and com prehensive and thus has something for everyone, from the student just beginning a study of the ocular motor system to the seasoned 'veteran' who wishes to know the latest information regarding central ocular motor control mechanisms. Neil R.
Book Synopsis Liu, Volpe, and Galetta’s Neuro-Ophthalmology E-Book by : Grant T. Liu
Download or read book Liu, Volpe, and Galetta’s Neuro-Ophthalmology E-Book written by Grant T. Liu and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2018-01-23 with total page 756 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Liu, Volpe, and Galetta’s Neuro-Ophthalmology: Diagnosis and Management, 3rd Edition remains unique in its complete, authoritative coverage of the diagnosis and treatment of neurological disorders affecting the eye. Bridging the gap between a handbook and an encyclopedic resource, it distills a vast amount of information into a single, concise, superbly illustrated volume. User-friendly and thoroughly up to date, this highly renowned reference is a one-stop resource for current information in this growing area. Combines over 1,000 illustrations and cross references with tables, outlines, and flow-diagrams to provide you with everything you need to understand the underlying presentation, pathophysiology, neuroimaging, and diagnostic studies in neuro-ophthalmology, along with the ideal diagnostic, treatment, and ongoing management tools for all neuro-ophthalmic conditions. Covers the neurological examination and the bedside neuro-ophthalmic evaluation of comatose patients that demonstrates how the examination can be used to confirm a diagnosis arrived at from the patient history. Includes the expertise and knowledge of a small, hand-picked contributor team that ensure the latest advances are incorporated into each chapter. Contains increased coverage on the use of optical coherence tomography (OCT) and its role in revolutionizing the ability to make more accurate neuro-ophthalmic diagnoses. Provides all-new information on gaze disorders, nystagmus, and neuro-ophthalmic manifestations of demyelinating disease. Presents current knowledge on vestibular disease and the neuro-ophthalmic manifestations of head trauma, as well as brainstem, cerebellar, and degenerative diseases.
Book Synopsis Optical Coherence Tomography in Multiple Sclerosis by : Axel Petzold
Download or read book Optical Coherence Tomography in Multiple Sclerosis written by Axel Petzold and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-02-21 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book gives a clinical context to optical coherence tomography (OCT) findings, while considering the differential diagnosis and providing patient management guidance. Relevant anatomical and technical aspects are discussed, followed by a pragmatic illustration of the use of OCT for the clinical spectrum of multiple sclerosis and optic neuritis, and finishing with information on monitoring ocular side effects of recently approved disease-modifying treatments in multiple sclerosis. Optical Coherence Tomography in Multiple Sclerosis: Clinical Applications is aimed at clinical neurologists working with patients suffering from MS and general neurologists who see patients with visual symptoms in their daily practice. Ophthalmologists sharing clinical responsibilities with neurologists for patients under disease-modifying treatments will also find the book of interest.