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Author : Jungsun Ahn
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 248 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (129 download)
Download or read book Rethinking Code-switching Types and Their Effectiveness in Print Ads written by Jungsun Ahn and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Richard McElreath
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1315362619
Total Pages : 488 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (153 download)
Download or read book Statistical Rethinking written by Richard McElreath and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-01-03 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Statistical Rethinking: A Bayesian Course with Examples in R and Stan builds readers’ knowledge of and confidence in statistical modeling. Reflecting the need for even minor programming in today’s model-based statistics, the book pushes readers to perform step-by-step calculations that are usually automated. This unique computational approach ensures that readers understand enough of the details to make reasonable choices and interpretations in their own modeling work. The text presents generalized linear multilevel models from a Bayesian perspective, relying on a simple logical interpretation of Bayesian probability and maximum entropy. It covers from the basics of regression to multilevel models. The author also discusses measurement error, missing data, and Gaussian process models for spatial and network autocorrelation. By using complete R code examples throughout, this book provides a practical foundation for performing statistical inference. Designed for both PhD students and seasoned professionals in the natural and social sciences, it prepares them for more advanced or specialized statistical modeling. Web Resource The book is accompanied by an R package (rethinking) that is available on the author’s website and GitHub. The two core functions (map and map2stan) of this package allow a variety of statistical models to be constructed from standard model formulas.
Author : H. Kelly-Holmes
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 0230503012
Total Pages : 221 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (35 download)
Download or read book Advertising as Multilingual Communication written by H. Kelly-Holmes and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-01-11 with total page 221 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advertising has traditionally communicated messages to consumers with strong local and national identities. However, increasingly, products, producers, advertising agencies and media are becoming internationalized. In the development of strategies that appeal to a large multinational consumer base, advertising language takes on new 'multilingual' features. The author explores the role of advertising language in this new globalized environment, from a communicative theory point of view, as well as from a close linguistic analysis of some major advertising campaigns within a multicultural and multilingual marketplace.
Author : Vershawn Ashanti Young
Publisher : National Council of Teachers of English (Ncte)
ISBN 13 : 9780814107003
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (7 download)
Download or read book Code-meshing as World English written by Vershawn Ashanti Young and published by National Council of Teachers of English (Ncte). This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although linguists have traditionally viewed code-switching as the simultaneous use of two language varieties in a single context, scholars and teachers of English have appropriated the term to argue for teaching minority students to monitor their languages and dialects according to context. For advocates of code-switching, teaching students to distinguish between "home language" and "school language" offers a solution to the tug-of-war between standard and nonstandard Englishes. This volume arises from concerns that this kind of code-switching may actually facilitate the illiteracy and academic failure that educators seek to eliminate and can promote resistance to Standard English rather than encouraging its use. The original essays in this collection offer various perspectives on why code-meshing--blending minoritized dialects and world Englishes with Standard English--is a better pedagogical alternative than code-switching in the teaching of reading, writing, listening, speaking, and visually representing to diverse learners. This collection argues that code-meshing rather than code-switching leads to lucid, often dynamic prose by people whose first language is something other than English, as well as by native English speakers who speak and write with "accents" and those whose home language or neighborhood dialects are deemed "nonstandard." While acknowledging the difficulties in implementing a code-meshing pedagogy, editors Vershawn Ashanti Young and Aja Y. Martinez, along with a range of scholars from international and national literacy studies, English education, writing studies, sociolinguistics, and critical pedagogy, argue that all writers and speakers benefit when we demystify academic language and encourage students to explore the plurality of the English language in both unofficial and official spaces.
Author : David Crystal
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1107611806
Total Pages : 227 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (76 download)
Download or read book English as a Global Language written by David Crystal and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2012-03-29 with total page 227 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written in a detailed and fascinating manner, this book is ideal for general readers interested in the English language.
Author : Daphne A. Kenyon
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781558442337
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (423 download)
Download or read book Rethinking Property Tax Incentives for Business written by Daphne A. Kenyon and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of property tax incentives for business by local governments throughout the United States has escalated over the last 50 years. While there is little evidence that these tax incentives are an effective instrument to promote economic development, they cost state and local governments $5 to $10 billion each year in forgone revenue. Three major obstacles can impede the success of property tax incentives as an economic development tool. First, incentives are unlikely to have a significant impact on a firm's profitability since property taxes are a small part of the total costs for most businesses--averaging much less than 1 percent of total costs for the U.S. manufacturing sector. Second, tax breaks are sometimes given to businesses that would have chosen the same location even without the incentives. When this happens, property tax incentives merely deplete the tax base without promoting economic development. Third, widespread use of incentives within a metropolitan area reduces their effectiveness, because when firms can obtain similar tax breaks in most jurisdictions, incentives are less likely to affect business location decisions. This report reviews five types of property tax incentives and examines their characteristics, costs, and effectiveness: property tax abatement programs; tax increment finance; enterprise zones; firm-specific property tax incentives; and property tax exemptions in connection with issuance of industrial development bonds. Alternatives to tax incentives should be considered by policy makers, such as customized job training, labor market intermediaries, and business support services. State and local governments also can pursue a policy of broad-based taxes with low tax rates or adopt split-rate property taxation with lower taxes on buildings than land.State policy makers are in a good position to increase the effectiveness of property tax incentives since they control how local governments use them. For example, states can restrict the use of incentives to certain geographic areas or certain types of facilities; publish information on the use of property tax incentives; conduct studies on their effectiveness; and reduce destructive local tax competition by not reimbursing local governments for revenue they forgo when they award property tax incentives.Local government officials can make wiser use of property tax incentives for business and avoid such incentives when their costs exceed their benefits. Localities should set clear criteria for the types of projects eligible for incentives; limit tax breaks to mobile facilities that export goods or services out of the region; involve tax administrators and other stakeholders in decisions to grant incentives; cooperate on economic development with other jurisdictions in the area; and be clear from the outset that not all businesses that ask for an incentive will receive one.Despite a generally poor record in promoting economic development, property tax incentives continue to be used. The goal is laudable: attracting new businesses to a jurisdiction can increase income or employment, expand the tax base, and revitalize distressed urban areas. In a best case scenario, attracting a large facility can increase worker productivity and draw related firms to the area, creating a positive feedback loop. This report offers recommendations to improve the odds of achieving these economic development goals.
Author : Geoffrey T. Freeman
Publisher : Council on Library & Information Resources
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 96 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)
Download or read book Library as Place written by Geoffrey T. Freeman and published by Council on Library & Information Resources. This book was released on 2005 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What is the role of a library when users can obtain information from any location? And what does this role change mean for the creation and design of library space? Six authors an architect, four librarians, and a professor of art history and classics explore these questions this report. The authors challenge the reader to think about new potential for the place we call the library and underscore the growing importance of the library as a place for teaching, learning, and research in the digital age.
Author : Miles Turnbull
Publisher : Multilingual Matters
ISBN 13 : 1847697682
Total Pages : 220 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (476 download)
Download or read book First Language Use in Second and Foreign Language Learning written by Miles Turnbull and published by Multilingual Matters. This book was released on 2009-08-24 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume offers fresh perspectives on a controversial issue in applied linguistics and language teaching by focusing on the use of the first language in communicative or immersion-type classrooms. It includes new work by both new and established scholars in educational scholarship, second language acquisition, and sociolinguistics, as well as in a variety of languages, countries, and educational contexts. Through its focus at the intersection of theory, practice, curriculum and policy, the book demands a reconceptualization of code-switching as something that both proficient and aspiring bilinguals do naturally, and as a practice that is inherently linked with bilingual code-switching.
Author : Patrick Heinrich
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351818392
Total Pages : 464 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (518 download)
Download or read book Routledge Handbook of Japanese Sociolinguistics written by Patrick Heinrich and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-06-05 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presenting new approaches and results previously inaccessible in English, the Routledge Handbook of Japanese Sociolinguistics provides an insight into the language and society of contemporary Japan from a fresh perspective. While it was once believed that Japan was a linguistically homogenous country, research over the past two decades has shown Japan to be a multilingual and sociolinguistically diversifying country. Building on this approach, the contributors to this handbook take this further, combining Japanese and western approaches alike and producing research which is relevant to twenty-first century societies. Organised into five parts, the sections covered include: The languages and language varieties of Japan. The multilingual ecology. Variation, style and interaction. Language problems and language planning. Research overviews. With contributions from across the field of Japanese sociolinguistics, this handbook will prove very useful for students and scholars of Japanese Studies, as well as sociolinguists more generally.
Author : Peter Blatchford
Publisher : UCL Press
ISBN 13 : 1787358798
Total Pages : 340 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (873 download)
Download or read book Rethinking Class Size: The complex story of impact on teaching and learning written by Peter Blatchford and published by UCL Press. This book was released on 2020-11-12 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The debate over whether class size matters for teaching and learning is one of the most enduring, and aggressive, in education research. Teachers often insist that small classes benefit their work. But many experts argue that evidence from research shows class size has little impact on pupil outcomes, so does not matter, and this dominant view has informed policymaking internationally. Here, the lead researchers on the world’s biggest study into class size effects present a counter-argument. Through detailed analysis of the complex relations involved in the classroom they reveal the mechanisms that support teachers’ experience, and conclude that class size matters very much indeed. Drawing on 20 years of systematic classroom observations, surveys of practitioners, detailed case studies and extensive reviews of research, Peter Blatchford and Anthony Russell contend that common ways of researching the impact of class size are limited and sometimes misguided. While class size may have no direct effect on pupil outcomes, it has, they say, significant force through interconnections with classroom processes. In describing these connections, the book opens up the everyday world of the classroom and shows that the influence of class size is everywhere. It impacts on teaching, grouping practices and classroom management, the quality of peer relations, tasks given to pupils, and on the time teachers have for marking, assessments and understanding the strengths and challenges for individual pupils. From their analysis, the authors develop a new social pedagogical model of how class size influences work, and identify policy conclusions and implications for teachers and schools.
Author : O. Garcia
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 1137385766
Total Pages : 262 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (373 download)
Download or read book Translanguaging written by O. Garcia and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-12-05 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Winner of the British Association of Applied Linguistics Book Prize 2014 This book addresses how the new linguistic concept of 'Translanguaging' has contributed to our understandings of language, bilingualism and education, with potential to transform not only semiotic systems and speaker subjectivities, but also social structures.
Author : Mark Sebba
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1136486208
Total Pages : 332 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (364 download)
Download or read book Language Mixing and Code-Switching in Writing written by Mark Sebba and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2012-05-22 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Code-switching," or the alternation of languages by bilinguals, has attracted an enormous amount of attention from researchers. However, most research has focused on spoken language, and the resultant theoretical frameworks have been based on spoken code-switching. This volume presents a collection of new work on the alternation of languages in written form. Written language alternation has existed since ancient times. It is present today in a great deal of traditional media, and also exists in newer, less regulated forms such as email, SMS messages, and blogs. Chapters in this volume cover both historical and contemporary language-mixing practices in a large range of language pairs and multilingual communities. The research collected here explores diverse approaches, including corpus linguistics, Critical Discourse Analysis, literacy studies, ethnography, and analyses of the visual/textual aspects of written data. Each chapter, based on empirical research of multilingual writing, presents methodological approaches as models for other researchers. New perspectives developed in this book include: analysis specific to written, rather than spoken, discourse; approaches from the new literacy studies, treating mixed-language literacy from a practice perspective; a focus on both "traditional" and "new" media types; and the semiotics of both text and the visual environment.
Author : Thomas Hylland Eriksen
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789871183265
Total Pages : 493 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (832 download)
Download or read book Media and Glocal Change written by Thomas Hylland Eriksen and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 493 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Francisco Cota Fagundes
Publisher : Peter Lang
ISBN 13 : 9780820488615
Total Pages : 332 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (886 download)
Download or read book Oral and Written Narratives and Cultural Identity written by Francisco Cota Fagundes and published by Peter Lang. This book was released on 2007 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This interdisciplinary volume centers on the interrelations of storytelling and various manifestations of cultural identity, from written to oral and from autobiographical to regional and national. Indigenous storytelling, as well as storytelling for and by children and the elderly, are the main focus of these essays. Together, these fifteen texts make a significant contribution toward a deeper understanding of various aspects of textual and oral narrative: they broaden the lines of inquiry into multidisciplinary and multicultural interests, particularly those centering on the construction, expression, and contextualization of various types of identity; and they illustrate the deployment of storytelling not only as testimony, contestation, and subversion - but also as peacebuilding. Many countries, languages and cultures are herein represented - from the United States and Canada to Japan, Singapore, and Malaysia, from English to Japanese to Greek to Italian to the languages of indigenous peoples of Latin America and the Philippines.
Author : David D. Clark
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262038609
Total Pages : 433 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (62 download)
Download or read book Designing an Internet written by David D. Clark and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2018-10-30 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why the Internet was designed to be the way it is, and how it could be different, now and in the future. How do you design an internet? The architecture of the current Internet is the product of basic design decisions made early in its history. What would an internet look like if it were designed, today, from the ground up? In this book, MIT computer scientist David Clark explains how the Internet is actually put together, what requirements it was designed to meet, and why different design decisions would create different internets. He does not take today's Internet as a given but tries to learn from it, and from alternative proposals for what an internet might be, in order to draw some general conclusions about network architecture. Clark discusses the history of the Internet, and how a range of potentially conflicting requirements—including longevity, security, availability, economic viability, management, and meeting the needs of society—shaped its character. He addresses both the technical aspects of the Internet and its broader social and economic contexts. He describes basic design approaches and explains, in terms accessible to nonspecialists, how networks are designed to carry out their functions. (An appendix offers a more technical discussion of network functions for readers who want the details.) He considers a range of alternative proposals for how to design an internet, examines in detail the key requirements a successful design must meet, and then imagines how to design a future internet from scratch. It's not that we should expect anyone to do this; but, perhaps, by conceiving a better future, we can push toward it.
Author : Mark Warschauer
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262303698
Total Pages : 221 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (623 download)
Download or read book Technology and Social Inclusion written by Mark Warschauer and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2004-09-17 with total page 221 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Much of the discussion about new technologies and social equality has focused on the oversimplified notion of a "digital divide." Technology and Social Inclusion moves beyond the limited view of haves and have-nots to analyze the different forms of access to information and communication technologies. Drawing on theory from political science, economics, sociology, psychology, communications, education, and linguistics, the book examines the ways in which differing access to technology contributes to social and economic stratification or inclusion. The book takes a global perspective, presenting case studies from developed and developing countries, including Brazil, China, Egypt, India, and the United States. A central premise is that, in today's society, the ability to access, adapt, and create knowledge using information and communication technologies is critical to social inclusion. This focus on social inclusion shifts the discussion of the "digital divide" from gaps to be overcome by providing equipment to social development challenges to be addressed through the effective integration of technology into communities, institutions, and societies. What is most important is not so much the physical availability of computers and the Internet but rather people's ability to make use of those technologies to engage in meaningful social practices.
Author : Martin Fowler
Publisher : Addison-Wesley Professional
ISBN 13 : 0201485672
Total Pages : 461 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (14 download)
Download or read book Refactoring written by Martin Fowler and published by Addison-Wesley Professional. This book was released on 1999 with total page 461 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Refactoring is gaining momentum amongst the object oriented programming community. It can transform the internal dynamics of applications and has the capacity to transform bad code into good code. This book offers an introduction to refactoring.
