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Author : Kathryn E. Spier
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 22 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)
Download or read book Retaliatory Mechanisms for Eliminating Trade Barriers written by Kathryn E. Spier and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Kathryn E. Spier
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (133 download)
Download or read book Retaliatory Mechanisms for Eliminating Trade Barriers : Aggressive Unilaterlism Versus GATT Cooperation written by Kathryn E. Spier and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : International Standards, Conformity Assessment, and U.S. Trade Policy Project Committee
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309587883
Total Pages : 253 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (95 download)
Download or read book Standards, Conformity Assessment, and Trade written by International Standards, Conformity Assessment, and U.S. Trade Policy Project Committee and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1995-03-29 with total page 253 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mandated standards used for vehicle airbags, International Organization for Standards (ISO) standards adopted for photographic film, de facto standards for computer software--however they arise, standards play a fundamental role in the global marketplace. Standards, Conformity Assessment, and Trade provides a comprehensive, up-to-date analysis of the link between standards, product testing and certification, and U.S. economic performance. The book includes recommendations for streamlining standards development, increasing the efficiency of product testing and certification, and promoting the success of U.S. exports in world markets. The volume offers a critical examination of organizations involved in standards and identifies the urgent improvements needed in the U.S. system for conformity assessment, in which adherence to standards is assessed and certified. Among other key issues, the book explores the role of government regulation, laboratory accreditation, and the overlapping of multiple quality standards in product development and manufacturing. In one of the first treatments of this subject, Standards, Conformity Assessment, and Trade offers a unique and highly valuable analysis of the impact of standards and conformity assessment on global trade.
Author : Winston Chang
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461522498
Total Pages : 276 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (615 download)
Download or read book Imperfect competition in international trade written by Winston Chang and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A theoretical analysis of international trade and industrial policy, developing and using new models of trade with imperfect competition. Modeling of imperfect competition within international trade has been difficult until recent breakthroughs in this area, which have provided a more realistic view of the world economy. The book builds on the advances provided by such tools as game theory and the theory of monopolistic competition. The first section covers broad and basic trade issues which arise under imperfect competition. Section two examines implications for trade policy covering issues such as strategic trade policy in static and dynamic settings. Section three deals with various structural issues, such as optimal choice of trade liberalizing policies, the formation of trade blocks, and open dualistic economy with externalities.
Author : United States. Office of the U.S. Trade Representative
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 408 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (129 download)
Download or read book National Trade Estimate ... Report on Foreign Trade Barriers written by United States. Office of the U.S. Trade Representative and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Richard E. Baldwin
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781907142239
Total Pages : 112 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (422 download)
Download or read book The Collapse of Global Trade, Murky Protectionism, and the Crisis written by Richard E. Baldwin and published by . This book was released on 2011-03 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The global financial crisis of 2008/9 is the Great Depression of the 21st century. For many though, the similarities stop at the Wall Street Crash as the current generation of policymakers have acted quickly to avoid the mistakes of the past. Yet the global crisis has made room for mistakes all of its own. While governments have apparently kept to their word on refraining from protectionist measures in the style of 1930s tariffs, there has been a disturbing rise in "murky protectionism." Seemingly benign, these crisis-linked policies are twisted to favour domestic firms, workers and investors. This book, first published as an eBook on VoxEU.org in March 2009, brings together leading trade policy practitioners and experts - including Australian Trade Minister Simon Crean and former Mexican President Ernesto Zedillo. Initially its aim was to advise policymakers heading in to the G20 meeting in London, but since the threat of murky protectionism persists, so too do their warnings.
Author : James Levinsohn
Publisher : University of Michigan Press
ISBN 13 : 9780472105625
Total Pages : 428 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (56 download)
Download or read book New Directions in Trade Theory written by James Levinsohn and published by University of Michigan Press. This book was released on 1995 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Develops ideas and offers new approaches to the topic of trade theory.
Author : Douglas A. Irwin
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 022639901X
Total Pages : 873 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (263 download)
Download or read book Clashing Over Commerce written by Douglas A. Irwin and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2017-11-29 with total page 873 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Foreign Affairs Best Book of the Year: “Tells the history of American trade policy . . . [A] grand narrative [that] also debunks trade-policy myths.” —Economist Should the United States be open to commerce with other countries, or should it protect domestic industries from foreign competition? This question has been the source of bitter political conflict throughout American history. Such conflict was inevitable, James Madison argued in the Federalist Papers, because trade policy involves clashing economic interests. The struggle between the winners and losers from trade has always been fierce because dollars and jobs are at stake: depending on what policy is chosen, some industries, farmers, and workers will prosper, while others will suffer. Douglas A. Irwin’s Clashing over Commerce is the most authoritative and comprehensive history of US trade policy to date, offering a clear picture of the various economic and political forces that have shaped it. From the start, trade policy divided the nation—first when Thomas Jefferson declared an embargo on all foreign trade and then when South Carolina threatened to secede from the Union over excessive taxes on imports. The Civil War saw a shift toward protectionism, which then came under constant political attack. Then, controversy over the Smoot-Hawley tariff during the Great Depression led to a policy shift toward freer trade, involving trade agreements that eventually produced the World Trade Organization. Irwin makes sense of this turbulent history by showing how different economic interests tend to be grouped geographically, meaning that every proposed policy change found ready champions and opponents in Congress. Deeply researched and rich with insight and detail, Clashing over Commerce provides valuable and enduring insights into US trade policy past and present. “Combines scholarly analysis with a historian’s eye for trends and colorful details . . . readable and illuminating, for the trade expert and for all Americans wanting a deeper understanding of America’s evolving role in the global economy.” —National Review “Magisterial.” —Foreign Affairs
Author : Robert Z. Lawrence
Publisher : Peterson Institute
ISBN 13 : 9780881325850
Total Pages : 134 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (258 download)
Download or read book Crimes and Punishments?: Retaliation under the WTO written by Robert Z. Lawrence and published by Peterson Institute. This book was released on 2003 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : William Phelan
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 0198712790
Total Pages : 225 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (987 download)
Download or read book In Place of Inter-state Retaliation written by William Phelan and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Unlike many other trade regimes, the European Union forbids the use of inter-state retaliation to enforce its obligations, and rules out the use of common 'escape' mechanisms such as anti-dumping between the EU member states. How does the EU do without these mechanisms that appear so vital to the political viability of other international trade regimes, including the World Trade Organization? How, therefore, is the European legal order, with the European Court of Justice at its centre, able to be so much more binding and intrusive than the legal obligations of many other trade regimes? This book puts forward a new explanation of a key part of the European Union's legal system, emphasising its break with the inter-state retaliation mechanisms and how Europe's special form of legal integration is facilitated by intra-industry trade, parliamentary forms of national government, and European welfare states. It argues first that the EU member states have allowed the enforcement of EU obligations by domestic courts in order to avoid the problems associated with enforcing trade obligations by constant threats of trade retaliation. It argues second that the EU member states have been able to accept such a binding form of dispute settlement and treaty obligation because the policy adjustments required by the European legal order were politically acceptable. High levels of intra-industry trade reduced the severity of the economic adjustments required by the expansion of the European market, and inclusive and authoritative democratic institutions in the member states allowed policy-makers to prioritise a general interest in reliable trading relationships even when policy changes affected significant domestic lobbies. Furthermore, generous national social security arrangements protected national constituents against any adverse consequences arising from the expansion of European law and the intensification of the European market. The European legal order should therefore be understood as a legalized dispute resolution institution well suited to an international trade and integration regime made up of highly interdependent parliamentary welfare states.
Author : Robert Mitchell Stern
Publisher : University of Michigan Press
ISBN 13 : 9780472112791
Total Pages : 472 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (127 download)
Download or read book Issues and Options for U.S.-Japan Trade Policies written by Robert Mitchell Stern and published by University of Michigan Press. This book was released on 2002 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Addresses the central negotiating issues involving the trade policies and relations between the United States and Japan
Author : United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Finance
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 110 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)
Download or read book Monitoring and Enforcement of International Trade Agreements written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Finance and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Eberhard Grabitz
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 822 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)
Download or read book U.S. Trade Barriers written by Eberhard Grabitz and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 822 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : World Bank
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 1464814953
Total Pages : 511 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (648 download)
Download or read book World Development Report 2020 written by World Bank and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2019-11-19 with total page 511 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Global value chains (GVCs) powered the surge of international trade after 1990 and now account for almost half of all trade. This shift enabled an unprecedented economic convergence: poor countries grew rapidly and began to catch up with richer countries. Since the 2008 global financial crisis, however, the growth of trade has been sluggish and the expansion of GVCs has stalled. Meanwhile, serious threats have emerged to the model of trade-led growth. New technologies could draw production closer to the consumer and reduce the demand for labor. And trade conflicts among large countries could lead to a retrenchment or a segmentation of GVCs. World Development Report 2020: Trading for Development in the Age of Global Value Chains examines whether there is still a path to development through GVCs and trade. It concludes that technological change is, at this stage, more a boon than a curse. GVCs can continue to boost growth, create better jobs, and reduce poverty provided that developing countries implement deeper reforms to promote GVC participation; industrial countries pursue open, predictable policies; and all countries revive multilateral cooperation.
Author : Jagdish N. Bhagwati
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 9780262521505
Total Pages : 172 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (215 download)
Download or read book Protectionism written by Jagdish N. Bhagwati and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1988 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Through a combination of text, quotations, cartoons, tables, charts, and graphs, Bhagwati ... looks at the forces for and against protection."--Jacket.
Author : Sherzod Shadikhodjaev
Publisher : Kluwer Law International B.V.
ISBN 13 : 9041128115
Total Pages : 314 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (411 download)
Download or read book Retaliation in the WTO Dispute Settlement System written by Sherzod Shadikhodjaev and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2009-01-01 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This work provides in-depth legal analysis of the procedural and substantive aspects of retaliation under the WTO dispute settlement system with particular reference to relevant rules and case law. It identifies peculiarities of WTO retaliation as compared with countermeasures of general international law. It examines the retaliation regime under GATT 1947 and the Dispute Settlement Understanding, as well as the special retaliation regime under the Subsidies and Countervailing Measures Agreement. It includes a case study with respect to the calculation of the level of retaliation in Article 22.6/4.11 arbitration. Finally, it explores the gaps in the current retaliation system with regard to both procedural Issues and the matter of efficacy, and analyzes all relevant solutions. In sum, this book Is designed to examine the way the WTO retaliation system works and explore possible Improvements." --Book Jacket.
Author : Robert Axelrod
Publisher : Basic Books
ISBN 13 : 0786734884
Total Pages : 258 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (867 download)
Download or read book The Evolution of Cooperation written by Robert Axelrod and published by Basic Books. This book was released on 2009-04-29 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A famed political scientist's classic argument for a more cooperative world We assume that, in a world ruled by natural selection, selfishness pays. So why cooperate? In The Evolution of Cooperation, political scientist Robert Axelrod seeks to answer this question. In 1980, he organized the famed Computer Prisoners Dilemma Tournament, which sought to find the optimal strategy for survival in a particular game. Over and over, the simplest strategy, a cooperative program called Tit for Tat, shut out the competition. In other words, cooperation, not unfettered competition, turns out to be our best chance for survival. A vital book for leaders and decision makers, The Evolution of Cooperation reveals how cooperative principles help us think better about everything from military strategy, to political elections, to family dynamics.
