Research Priorities

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Initial National Priorities for Comparative Effectiveness Research

Author : Institute of Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309138361
Total Pages : 252 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Initial National Priorities for Comparative Effectiveness Research by : Institute of Medicine

Download or read book Initial National Priorities for Comparative Effectiveness Research written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2009-11-14 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Clinical research presents health care providers with information on the natural history and clinical presentations of disease as well as diagnostic and treatment options. In today's healthcare system, patients, physicians, clinicians and family caregivers often lack the sufficient scientific data and evidence they need to determine the best course of treatment for the patients' medical conditions. Initial National Priorities for Comparative Effectiveness Research(CER) is designed to fill this knowledge gap by assisting patients and healthcare providers across diverse settings in making more informed decisions. In this 2009 report, the Institute of Medicine's Committee on Comparative Effectiveness Research Prioritization establishes a working definition of CER, develops a priority list of research topics, and identifies the necessary requirements to support a robust and sustainable CER enterprise. As part of the 2009 American Recovery and Reinvestment Act, Congress appropriated $1.1 billion in federal support of CER, reflecting legislators' belief that better decisions about the use of health care could improve the public's health and reduce the cost of care. The Committee on Comparative Effectiveness Research Prioritization was successful in preparing a list 100 top priority CER topics and 10 recommendations for best practices in the field.

Reducing the Impact of Dementia in America

Author : National Academies of Sciences Engineering and Medicine
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780309495035
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (95 download)

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Book Synopsis Reducing the Impact of Dementia in America by : National Academies of Sciences Engineering and Medicine

Download or read book Reducing the Impact of Dementia in America written by National Academies of Sciences Engineering and Medicine and published by . This book was released on 2022-04-26 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the largest generation in U.S. history - the population born in the two decades immediately following World War II - enters the age of risk for cognitive impairment, growing numbers of people will experience dementia (including Alzheimer's disease and related dementias). By one estimate, nearly 14 million people in the United States will be living with dementia by 2060. Like other hardships, the experience of living with dementia can bring unexpected moments of intimacy, growth, and compassion, but these diseases also affect people's capacity to work and carry out other activities and alter their relationships with loved ones, friends, and coworkers. Those who live with and care for individuals experiencing these diseases face challenges that include physical and emotional stress, difficult changes and losses in their relationships with life partners, loss of income, and interrupted connections to other activities and friends. From a societal perspective, these diseases place substantial demands on communities and on the institutions and government entities that support people living with dementia and their families, including the health care system, the providers of direct care, and others. Nevertheless, research in the social and behavioral sciences points to possibilities for preventing or slowing the development of dementia and for substantially reducing its social and economic impacts. At the request of the National Institute on Aging of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Reducing the Impact of Dementia in America assesses the contributions of research in the social and behavioral sciences and identifies a research agenda for the coming decade. This report offers a blueprint for the next decade of behavioral and social science research to reduce the negative impact of dementia for America's diverse population. Reducing the Impact of Dementia in America calls for research that addresses the causes and solutions for disparities in both developing dementia and receiving adequate treatment and support. It calls for research that sets goals meaningful not just for scientists but for people living with dementia and those who support them as well. By 2030, an estimated 8.5 million Americans will have Alzheimer's disease and many more will have other forms of dementia. Through identifying priorities social and behavioral science research and recommending ways in which they can be pursued in a coordinated fashion, Reducing the Impact of Dementia in America will help produce research that improves the lives of all those affected by dementia.

Environmentally Significant Consumption

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309055989
Total Pages : 152 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Environmentally Significant Consumption by : National Research Council

Download or read book Environmentally Significant Consumption written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1997-07-09 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There has been much polemic about affluence, consumption, and the global environment. For some observers, "consumption" is at the root of global environmental threats: wealthy individuals and societies use far too much of the earth's resource base and should scale back their appetites to preserve the environment for future generations and allow a decent life for the rest of the world. Other observers see affluence as the way to escape environmental threats: economic development increases public pressure for environmental protection and makes capital available for environmentally benign technologies. The arguments are fed by conflicting beliefs, values, hopes, and fearsâ€"but surprisingly little scientific analysis. This book demonstrates that the relationship of consumption to the environment needs careful analysis by environmental and social scientists and conveys some of the excitement of treating the issue scientifically. It poses the key empirical questions: Which kinds of consumption are environmentally significant? Which actors are responsible for that consumption? What forces cause or explain environmentally significant consumption? How can it be changed? The book presents studies that open up important issues for empirical study: Are there any signs of saturation in the demand for travel in wealthy countries? What is the relationship between environmental consumption and human well-being? To what extent do people in developing countries emulate American consumption styles? The book also suggests broad strategies that scientists and research sponsors can use to better inform future debates about the environment, development, and consumption.

The Future of Nursing

Author : Institute of Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309208955
Total Pages : 700 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (92 download)

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Book Synopsis The Future of Nursing by : Institute of Medicine

Download or read book The Future of Nursing written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-02-08 with total page 700 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Future of Nursing explores how nurses' roles, responsibilities, and education should change significantly to meet the increased demand for care that will be created by health care reform and to advance improvements in America's increasingly complex health system. At more than 3 million in number, nurses make up the single largest segment of the health care work force. They also spend the greatest amount of time in delivering patient care as a profession. Nurses therefore have valuable insights and unique abilities to contribute as partners with other health care professionals in improving the quality and safety of care as envisioned in the Affordable Care Act (ACA) enacted this year. Nurses should be fully engaged with other health professionals and assume leadership roles in redesigning care in the United States. To ensure its members are well-prepared, the profession should institute residency training for nurses, increase the percentage of nurses who attain a bachelor's degree to 80 percent by 2020, and double the number who pursue doctorates. Furthermore, regulatory and institutional obstacles-including limits on nurses' scope of practice-should be removed so that the health system can reap the full benefit of nurses' training, skills, and knowledge in patient care. In this book, the Institute of Medicine makes recommendations for an action-oriented blueprint for the future of nursing.

Temporomandibular Disorders

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309670489
Total Pages : 427 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (96 download)

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Book Synopsis Temporomandibular Disorders by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Download or read book Temporomandibular Disorders written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2020-07-01 with total page 427 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs), are a set of more than 30 health disorders associated with both the temporomandibular joints and the muscles and tissues of the jaw. TMDs have a range of causes and often co-occur with a number of overlapping medical conditions, including headaches, fibromyalgia, back pain and irritable bowel syndrome. TMDs can be transient or long-lasting and may be associated with problems that range from an occasional click of the jaw to severe chronic pain involving the entire orofacial region. Everyday activities, including eating and talking, are often difficult for people with TMDs, and many of them suffer with severe chronic pain due to this condition. Common social activities that most people take for granted, such as smiling, laughing, and kissing, can become unbearable. This dysfunction and pain, and its associated suffering, take a terrible toll on affected individuals, their families, and their friends. Individuals with TMDs often feel stigmatized and invalidated in their experiences by their family, friends, and, often, the health care community. Misjudgments and a failure to understand the nature and depths of TMDs can have severe consequences - more pain and more suffering - for individuals, their families and our society. Temporomandibular Disorders: Priorities for Research and Care calls on a number of stakeholders - across medicine, dentistry, and other fields - to improve the health and well-being of individuals with a TMD. This report addresses the current state of knowledge regarding TMD research, education and training, safety and efficacy of clinical treatments of TMDs, and burden and costs associated with TMDs. The recommendations of Temporomandibular Disorders focus on the actions that many organizations and agencies should take to improve TMD research and care and improve the overall health and well-being of individuals with a TMD.

Priorities for Research to Reduce the Threat of Firearm-Related Violence

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309284414
Total Pages : 121 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (92 download)

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Book Synopsis Priorities for Research to Reduce the Threat of Firearm-Related Violence by : National Research Council

Download or read book Priorities for Research to Reduce the Threat of Firearm-Related Violence written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-10-03 with total page 121 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 2010, more than 105,000 people were injured or killed in the United States as the result of a firearm-related incident. Recent, highly publicized, tragic mass shootings in Newtown, CT; Aurora, CO; Oak Creek, WI; and Tucson, AZ, have sharpened the American public's interest in protecting our children and communities from the harmful effects of firearm violence. While many Americans legally use firearms for a variety of activities, fatal and nonfatal firearm violence poses a serious threat to public safety and welfare. In January 2013, President Barack Obama issued 23 executive orders directing federal agencies to improve knowledge of the causes of firearm violence, what might help prevent it, and how to minimize its burden on public health. One of these orders directed the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to, along with other federal agencies, immediately begin identifying the most pressing problems in firearm violence research. The CDC and the CDC Foundation asked the IOM, in collaboration with the National Research Council, to convene a committee tasked with developing a potential research agenda that focuses on the causes of, possible interventions to, and strategies to minimize the burden of firearm-related violence. Priorities for Research to Reduce the Threat of Firearm-Related Violence focuses on the characteristics of firearm violence, risk and protective factors, interventions and strategies, the impact of gun safety technology, and the influence of video games and other media.

Disease Control Priorities in Developing Countries

Author : Dean T. Jamison
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 0821361805
Total Pages : 1449 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (213 download)

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Book Synopsis Disease Control Priorities in Developing Countries by : Dean T. Jamison

Download or read book Disease Control Priorities in Developing Countries written by Dean T. Jamison and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2006-04-02 with total page 1449 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based on careful analysis of burden of disease and the costs ofinterventions, this second edition of 'Disease Control Priorities in Developing Countries, 2nd edition' highlights achievable priorities; measures progresstoward providing efficient, equitable care; promotes cost-effectiveinterventions to targeted populations; and encourages integrated effortsto optimize health. Nearly 500 experts - scientists, epidemiologists, health economists,academicians, and public health practitioners - from around the worldcontributed to the data sources and methodologies, and identifiedchallenges and priorities, resulting in this integrated, comprehensivereference volume on the state of health in developing countries.

Earth Materials and Health

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 030910470X
Total Pages : 189 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Earth Materials and Health by : National Research Council

Download or read book Earth Materials and Health written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2007-05-09 with total page 189 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A range of natural earth materials, like arsenic or fluoride, have long been linked to significant human health effects. Improved understanding of the pervasive and complex interactions between earth materials and human health will require creative collaborations between earth scientists and public health professionals. At the request of the National Science Foundation, U.S. Geological Survey, and National Aeronautics and Space Administration, this National Research Council book assesses the current state of knowledge at the interface between the earth sciences and public health disciplines. The book identifies high-priority areas for collaborative research, including understanding the transport and bioavailability of potentially hazardous earth materials, using risk-based scenarios to mitigate the public health effects of natural hazards under current and future climate regimes, and understanding the health risks that result from disturbance of earth systems. Geospatial information - geological maps for earth scientists and epidemiological data for public health professionals - is identified as one of the essential integrative tools that is fundamental to the activities of both communities. The book also calls for increased data sharing between agencies to promote interdisciplinary research without compromising privacy.

Preventing Cognitive Decline and Dementia

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309459591
Total Pages : 181 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (94 download)

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Book Synopsis Preventing Cognitive Decline and Dementia by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Download or read book Preventing Cognitive Decline and Dementia written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-10-05 with total page 181 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Societies around the world are concerned about dementia and the other forms of cognitive impairment that affect many older adults. We now know that brain changes typically begin years before people show symptoms, which suggests a window of opportunity to prevent or delay the onset of these conditions. Emerging evidence that the prevalence of dementia is declining in high-income countries offers hope that public health interventions will be effective in preventing or delaying cognitive impairments. Until recently, the research and clinical communities have focused primarily on understanding and treating these conditions after they have developed. Thus, the evidence base on how to prevent or delay these conditions has been limited at best, despite the many claims of success made in popular media and advertising. Today, however, a growing body of prevention research is emerging. Preventing Cognitive Decline and Dementia: A Way Forward assesses the current state of knowledge on interventions to prevent cognitive decline and dementia, and informs future research in this area. This report provides recommendations of appropriate content for inclusion in public health messages from the National Institute on Aging.

People-Plant Relationships

Author : Raymond P Poincelot
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351425501
Total Pages : 290 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (514 download)

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Book Synopsis People-Plant Relationships by : Raymond P Poincelot

Download or read book People-Plant Relationships written by Raymond P Poincelot and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-05-04 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presenting the latest research on cross-cultural people-plant relationships, this volume conveys the psychological, physiological, and social responses to plants and the significant role these responses play in improved physical and mental health. With chapters written by field experts, it identifies research priorities and methodologies and outlines the steps for developing a research agenda to aid horticulturalists in their work with social scientists to gain a better understanding of people-plant relationships. This resource covers a wide array of topics including home horticulture and Lyme disease, indoor plants and pollution reduction, and plants and therapy.

A Research Strategy for Environmental, Health, and Safety Aspects of Engineered Nanomaterials

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309253314
Total Pages : 230 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (92 download)

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Book Synopsis A Research Strategy for Environmental, Health, and Safety Aspects of Engineered Nanomaterials by : National Research Council

Download or read book A Research Strategy for Environmental, Health, and Safety Aspects of Engineered Nanomaterials written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2012-05-09 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The nanotechnology sector, which generated about $225 billion in product sales in 2009, is predicted to expand rapidly over the next decade with the development of new technologies that have new capabilities. The increasing production and use of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) may lead to greater exposures of workers, consumers, and the environment, and the unique scale-specific and novel properties of the materials raise questions about their potential effects on human health and the environment. Over the last decade, government agencies, academic institutions, industry, and others have conducted many assessments of the environmental, health, and safety (EHS) aspects of nanotechnology. The results of those efforts have helped to direct research on the EHS aspects of ENMs. However, despite the progress in assessing research needs and despite the research that has been funded and conducted, developers, regulators, and consumers of nanotechnology-enabled products remain uncertain about the types and quantities of nanomaterials in commerce or in development, their possible applications, and their associated risks. A Research Strategy for Environmental, Health, and Safety Aspects of Engineered Nanomaterials presents a strategic approach for developing the science and research infrastructure needed to address uncertainties regarding the potential EHS risks of ENMs. The report summarizes the current state of the science and high-priority data gaps on the potential EHS risks posed by ENMs and describes the fundamental tools and approaches needed to pursue an EHS risk research strategy. The report also presents a proposed research agenda, short-term and long-term research priorities, and estimates of needed resources and concludes by focusing on implementation of the research strategy and evaluation of its progress, elements that the committee considered integral to its charge.

Nursing and Nursing Education

Author : Institute of Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309033462
Total Pages : 334 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Nursing and Nursing Education by : Institute of Medicine

Download or read book Nursing and Nursing Education written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1983-02-01 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Results are presented of a study of nursing and nursing education that focused on the need for continued federal support of nursing education, ways to attract nurses to medically underserved areas, and approaches to encourage nurses to stay in the profession. Findings are presented on whether the aggregate supply of generalist nurses will be sufficient to meet future demand, and how changes that could occur in the health care system might affect demand. Attention is also directed to: how the current and future supply of nurses may be influenced by the costs of nursing education and the sources of education financing; and education for generalist positions in nursing. In addition, the supply and demand situation for nurses educationally prepared for advanced professional positions in nursing is examined. The influence of employer policies and practices in utilization of nursing resources on demand and supply is also addressed. Finally, areas in which further data and studies are needed to better monitor nursing supply and demand are identified. In addition to 21 recommendations, appendices include information on Nursing Training Act appropriations, state reports on nursing issues, certificates for specialist registered nurses, projections of registered nurse supply and requirements, and doctoral programs in nursing. (SW)

Reducing Social Inequalities in Cancer

Author : S. Vaccarella
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789283222231
Total Pages : 272 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (222 download)

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Book Synopsis Reducing Social Inequalities in Cancer by : S. Vaccarella

Download or read book Reducing Social Inequalities in Cancer written by S. Vaccarella and published by . This book was released on 2019-06 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume summarizes the current scientific evidence and identifies research priorities needed to decrease social inequalities in cancer. The publication, based on the expert knowledge of more than 70 international scientists from multiple disciplines, undertakes a populations-within-populations approach, highlighting the large variations in cancer incidence, survival, and mortality that exist between countries and, within countries, between social groups. Several factors may lead individuals with low social status to adopt unhealthy behaviors, to be exposed to a wider range and a higher intensity of cancer risk factors, and to have reduced access to health-care services, compared with their fellow citizens. A special focus is given to how the phenomenon of inequalities in cancer evolves and is reshaped over time, driven by economic, social, political, legislative, and technological forces; it affects everyone, but the most disadvantaged individuals are particularly hard hit. This IARC Scientific Publication was developed to serve as a reference for policy-makers and public health officials, linking to specific examples of interventions that may reduce future inequalities in cancer.The vignette is attached.

Testing Treatments

Author : Imogen Evans
Publisher : Pinter & Martin Publishers
ISBN 13 : 1905177488
Total Pages : 187 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (51 download)

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Book Synopsis Testing Treatments by : Imogen Evans

Download or read book Testing Treatments written by Imogen Evans and published by Pinter & Martin Publishers. This book was released on 2011 with total page 187 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work provides a thought-provoking account of how medical treatments can be tested with unbiased or 'fair' trials and explains how patients can work with doctors to achieve this vital goal. It spans the gamut of therapy from mastectomy to thalidomide and explores a vast range of case studies.

Priority Areas for National Action

Author : Institute of Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309085438
Total Pages : 160 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Priority Areas for National Action by : Institute of Medicine

Download or read book Priority Areas for National Action written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2003-04-10 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A new release in the Quality Chasm Series, Priority Areas for National Action recommends a set of 20 priority areas that the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and other groups in the public and private sectors should focus on to improve the quality of health care delivered to all Americans. The priority areas selected represent the entire spectrum of health care from preventive care to end of life care. They also touch on all age groups, health care settings and health care providers. Collective action in these areas could help transform the entire health care system. In addition, the report identifies criteria and delineates a process that DHHS may adopt to determine future priority areas.

Research Priorities for Enterning the 21st Century

Author : Pacific Northwest Research Station (Portland, Or.)
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 24 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)

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Book Synopsis Research Priorities for Enterning the 21st Century by : Pacific Northwest Research Station (Portland, Or.)

Download or read book Research Priorities for Enterning the 21st Century written by Pacific Northwest Research Station (Portland, Or.) and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Biomedical Research Priorities

Author : United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Labor and Human Resources. Subcommittee on Public Health and Safety
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 96 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Biomedical Research Priorities by : United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Labor and Human Resources. Subcommittee on Public Health and Safety

Download or read book Biomedical Research Priorities written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Labor and Human Resources. Subcommittee on Public Health and Safety and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: