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Research Needs For Nutrient Removal From Wastewater
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Book Synopsis Research Needs for Nutrient Removal from Wastewater by :
Download or read book Research Needs for Nutrient Removal from Wastewater written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wastewater purification treatment; Nutrient removal; Wetlands; Residuals management; Mathematical modelling.
Book Synopsis WEF/WERF Study Quantifying Nutrient Removal Technology Performance by : Charles B. Bott
Download or read book WEF/WERF Study Quantifying Nutrient Removal Technology Performance written by Charles B. Bott and published by International Water Assn. This book was released on 2011 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The managers of 22 plants, 10 achieving low effluent TP, 9 achieving low effluent TN, and 3 achieving low effluent ammonia, were asked to provide 3 years of operational data that were analyzed using a consistent statistical approach. Technical papers were compiled for each plant including a summary of influent loading, process design and operating conditions, unusual events, upsets and anecdotes related to process operation, and the statistical summary of final effluent data that considered both process reliability and the permit limits applied.
Book Synopsis Striking the Balance between Nutrient Removal in Wastewater Treatment and Sustainability by : J. B. Neethling
Download or read book Striking the Balance between Nutrient Removal in Wastewater Treatment and Sustainability written by J. B. Neethling and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2011-12-15 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study focuses on sustainability impacts as wastewater treatment plants implement treatment technologies to meet increasingly stringent nutrient limits. The objective is to determine if a point of “diminishing returns” is reached where the sustainability impacts of increased levels of nutrient removal outweigh the benefits of better water quality. Five different hypothetical treatment trains at a nominal 10 mgd flow were developed to meet treatment targets that ranged from cBOD mode (Level 1) to four different nutrient removal targets. The nutrient removal targets ranged from 8 mg N/L; 1 mg P/L (Level 2) to the most stringent at 2 mg N/L; 0.02 mg P/L (Level 5). Given that sustainability is a broad term, the industry-accepted three pillars of sustainability were evaluated and discussed, and particular emphasis was placed on the environmental and economic pillars. The following variables received the most attention: greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, a water quality surrogate that reflects potential algal growth, capital and operational costs, energy demand, and consumables such as chemicals, gas, diesel, etc. The results from the GHG emissions metric are shown below. Note that biogas cogeneration is represented by negative values as biogas production can be used to offset energy demands. The nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions values are based on the average biological nutrient removal (BNR) and non-BNR plants evaluated in the United States national survey by Ahn et al. (2010b). The error bars represent the data range of the national survey. div The GHG emissions results suggest that a point of diminishing return is reached at Level 4 (3 mg N/L; 0.1 mg P/L). The GHG emissions show a steady increase from Levels 1 to 4, followed by a 65% increase when moving from Level 4 to 5. Despite a 70% increase in GHGs, the discharged nutrient load only decreases by 1% by going from Level 4 to 5. The primary contributors to GHG emissions are energy related (aeration, pumping, mixing). The GHG emissions associated with chemical use increases for the more stringent nutrient targets that required chemical treatment in addition to biological nutrient removal. In terms of cost, the total project capital cost increases approximately one-third from $9.3 million to $12.7 million for changing from Level 1 to 2, followed by a more than doubling in cost when changing from Level 1 to 5. Total project capital costs in this report are for a Greenfield plant. The operational cost increase between levels is more pronounced than total project capital cost with more than five-times increase from Level 1 to 5 ($250/MG treated to $1,370/MG treated, respectively). /div This report focused on in-plant (point source) options for nutrient removal and the implications for cost and sustainability. Other approaches, such as addressing non-point sources, could be added to the assessment. Rather than focusing strictly on point source dischargers and requiring Level 4 or 5 treatments, Level 3 or 4 treatments complimented with best management practices of non-point sources might be a more sustainable approach at achieving comparable water quality.
Book Synopsis Fundamental Research Needs for Water and Wastewater Treatment Systems by :
Download or read book Fundamental Research Needs for Water and Wastewater Treatment Systems written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Biological Nutrient Removal (BNR) Operation in Wastewater Treatment Plants by :
Download or read book Biological Nutrient Removal (BNR) Operation in Wastewater Treatment Plants written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 597 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Nutrient Removal, WEF MOP 34 by : Water Environment Federation
Download or read book Nutrient Removal, WEF MOP 34 written by Water Environment Federation and published by McGraw Hill Professional. This book was released on 2010-09-28 with total page 667 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Latest Methods for Nutrient Removal from Wastewater This Water Environment Federation resource provides comprehensive information on biological and chemical methods for nitrogen and phosphorus removal from wastewater. Nutrient Removal covers environmental and regulatory issues and provides an integrated approach for combined nitrogen and phosphorus removal, including details on ammonia and dewatering liquors treatment. Natural treatment systems are also discussed in this definitive guide. Nutrient Removal covers: Nutrients and their effects on the environment Regulation of nutrients in the effluents of wastewater treatment plants Overview of the nutrient removal processes Principles of biological nitrogen removal Nitrification Nitrogen removal processes, configuration, and process-sizing criteria for combined nitrification and denitrification processes Chemical and biological phosphorus removal Sidestream nitrogen removal Structured process models for nutrient removal Troubleshooting for full-scale nutrient removal facilities Aquatic natural treatment systems
Book Synopsis Characterizing Mechanisms of Simultaneous Biological Nutrient Removal During Wastewater Treatment by : P. F. Strom
Download or read book Characterizing Mechanisms of Simultaneous Biological Nutrient Removal During Wastewater Treatment written by P. F. Strom and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2004-01-01 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Simultaneous biological nutrient removal (SBNR) is the removal of nitrogen and/or phosphorus in excess of that required for biomass synthesis in biological wastewater treatment systems where there are no defined anaerobic and/or anoxic zones. The hypothesis is that one or more of three mechanisms is responsible within individual systems: variations in the bioreactor macroenvironment created by the mixing pattern, gradients within the floc microenvironment, and/or novel microorganism activity. Understanding of the mechanisms of SBNR can be expected to lead to improved efficiency and reliability in its application. Preliminary work documented SBNR in 7 full-scale OrbalTM closed loop bioreactors. A batch assay demonstrated that novel microorganism activity was of little importance in SBNR at the three plants tested. While the floc microenvironment likely plays an important role in nitrogen removal in such plants, it cannot explain phosphorus removal. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model was developed to elucidate the role of the bioreactor macroenvironment in SBNR. This is the first reported application of CFD to activated sludge biological wastewater treatment. Although the software and computational requirements limited model complexity, it still simulated the creation of dissolved oxygen gradients within the system, demonstrating that the anaerobic zones required for SBNR could occur.
Book Synopsis Nutrient Removal from Wastewater by Physical-chemical Process by :
Download or read book Nutrient Removal from Wastewater by Physical-chemical Process written by and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 49 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :Mark C. M. van Loosdrecht Publisher :IWA Publishing (International Water Assoc) ISBN 13 : Total Pages :212 pages Book Rating :4.X/5 (4 download)
Book Synopsis Practical Implementation of Nutrient Guidelines by : Mark C. M. van Loosdrecht
Download or read book Practical Implementation of Nutrient Guidelines written by Mark C. M. van Loosdrecht and published by IWA Publishing (International Water Assoc). This book was released on 2001-06-30 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1991 the EU announced a directive regarding urban wastewater treatment. Its objective was to have wastewater collection and treatment for all settlements and nutrient removal for all sensitive areas. These measures needed to be implemented in a short time period, before 2000. The directive resulted in a boost in the applied research towards wastewater treatment and a large investment in new facilities. The 2000 Aquatech conference therefore aimed at evaluating how this directive (or similar directives worldwide) was implemented. The 25 papers selected for these proceedings give an overview of the policies related to nutrient removal in a number of regions. They show the differences in approach and in the results of measures taken. New processes have been developed and existing treatment plants have been upgraded for nutrient removal. Several of these new processes are described together with a number of examples of upgrading of existing facilities. These proceedings provide wastewater engineers, policy-makers and managers with a state-of-the-art view of the approaches that can solve eutrophication problems and minimise the impacts on society and the environment.
Book Synopsis Biological Wastewater Treatment by : Mogens Henze
Download or read book Biological Wastewater Treatment written by Mogens Henze and published by IWA Publishing (International Water Assoc). This book was released on 1881 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For information on the online course in Biological Wastewater Treatment from UNESCO-IHE, visit: http://www.iwapublishing.co.uk/books/biological-wastewater-treatment-online-course-principles-modeling-and-design Over the past twenty years, the knowledge and understanding of wastewater treatment have advanced extensively and moved away from empirically-based approaches to a first principles approach embracing chemistry, microbiology, physical and bioprocess engineering, and mathematics. Many of these advances have matured to the degree that they have been codified into mathematical models for simulation with computers. For a new generation of young scientists and engineers entering the wastewater treatment profession, the quantity, complexity and diversity of these new developments can be overwhelming, particularly in developing countries where access is not readily available to advanced level tertiary education courses in wastewater treatment. Biological Wastewater Treatment addresses this deficiency. It assembles and integrates the postgraduate course material of a dozen or so professors from research groups around the world that have made significant contributions to the advances in wastewater treatment. The book forms part of an internet-based curriculum in biological wastewater treatment which also includes: Summarized lecture handouts of the topics covered in book Filmed lectures by the author professors Tutorial exercises for students self-learning Upon completion of this curriculum the modern approach of modelling and simulation to wastewater treatment plant design and operation, be it activated sludge, biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal, secondary settling tanks or biofilm systems, can be embraced with deeper insight, advanced knowledge and greater confidence.
Book Synopsis Nutrient Removal from Wastewater by Physical-chemical Processes by : Jesse M. Cohen
Download or read book Nutrient Removal from Wastewater by Physical-chemical Processes written by Jesse M. Cohen and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 49 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Biological Nutrients' Removal in the Anaerobic/Anoxic/Oxic Wastewater Treatment Process by : Changyong Wu
Download or read book Biological Nutrients' Removal in the Anaerobic/Anoxic/Oxic Wastewater Treatment Process written by Changyong Wu and published by Nova Science Publishers. This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Anaerobic-anoxic-oxic (A2/O) is one of the most widely used processes in municipal wastewater treatment plants for simultaneous biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal. The A2/O process has many advantages, such as simple configuration and short hydraulic retention time (HRT), etc. In addition, it is easy to operate. Therefore, A2/O will be continuously chosen as the main option in all kinds of newly designed and built wastewater treatment plants. Though the A2/O process has been used widely, it has some inherent contradictions which are difficult to overcome. For example, the contradiction between substrate competition and SRT makes the high nitrogen and phosphorus removal unable to be achieved simultaneously. As a result, the removal efficiency of the system cannot be further improved. In the past 10 years in China, the wastewater quality very obviously changed with the improvement of living conditions. At present, municipal wastewater with a low C/N ratio is rather common in most countries in the world. The lack of a carbon source will make the inherent contradictions of the A2/O process becomes serious. Therefore, the conventional design parameters of the A2/O process are needed to adjust or the configuration of the A2/O process should change to fit the change of the wastewater quality. According to this, this book systematically describes how to improve the nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiency of municipal wastewater with low C/N ratio, and effectively utilize the carbon resource in the influent of wastewater. This publication is useful for students, researchers and engineers whose major focus is municipal and the environment"--
Author :United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science, Space, and Technology. Subcommittee on Environment Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :328 pages Book Rating :4.0/5 ( download)
Book Synopsis Clean Water Act Research and Monitoring by : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science, Space, and Technology. Subcommittee on Environment
Download or read book Clean Water Act Research and Monitoring written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science, Space, and Technology. Subcommittee on Environment and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Process Improvements in Biological Nutrient Removal Systems for Better Wastewater Treatment Performance by : Shengnan Xu
Download or read book Process Improvements in Biological Nutrient Removal Systems for Better Wastewater Treatment Performance written by Shengnan Xu and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Process improvements for better wastewater treatment performance are necessary with stringent discharge requirements. The main objective of this research is to develop new wastewater treatment technologies for improved nutrient removal and the degradation of recalcitrant organic nitrogen compounds. In this research, a reverse A2 /O system demonstrated better phosphorus removal efficiency than the regular A2 /O system by inverting the sequence of anaerobic and anoxic zones. Placing an anoxic stage before the anaerobic stage in the reverse A2 /O process resulted in a lower oxidation-reduction potential in the anaerobic zone, which contributed to higher P uptake by bacteria under subsequent aerobic respiration. With the development of emerging environmental nanotechnology, the effectiveness of nano zero-valent iron (NZVI) in nutrient removal was also determined under anaerobic, anoxic and aerobic conditions. The highest P removal efficiency (95% at the initial P concentration of 10 mg/L) by NZVI was observed under anoxic abiotic conditions. Furthermore, new applications of NZVI as an antiseptic/antimicrobial material were extended to sludge bulking control. In two Modified Ludzack-Ettinger (MLE) activated sludge treatment systems, a single dose of NZVI at the final concentration of 100 mg Fe/L in the mixed liquor reduced the number of filamentous bacteria Type 021N by 2-3 log units (a reduction of 99.9 and 96.7% in MLE tank #1 and #2, respectively). Additional benefits of the use of NZVI such as improved P removal was also determined. The side effect of the use of NZVI depended on sludge bulking conditions and biomass concentration. In the last part of this dissertation, process improvements to remove recalcitrant organic N compounds such as melamine were evaluated. Melamine is a nitrogen-rich (67% nitrogen by mass) heterocyclic aromatic compound that could significantly increase effluent total nitrogen concentrations. The degradation of melamine and its impact on activated sludge operation in conventional activated sludge (CAS) systems and MBRs with high biomass concentrations were compared. Melamine was dosed continuously in CAS and MBR systems at an influent concentration of 3 mg/L for about 100 days. Even after such a long period of sludge adaptation, melamine appeared not to be easily biodegradable in any of the CAS and MBR systems indicating that selective enrichment of special microbes (melamine degradation specialists) and the special enzymes responsible for melamine degradation cannot be induced through acclimation. However, a significant reduction in toxicity of melamine to the activated sludge was observed in MBR systems, demonstrating the significance of MBR operation at high sludge concentrations.
Book Synopsis Nutrient Removal from Wastewater by : Annalissa Onnis_Hayden
Download or read book Nutrient Removal from Wastewater written by Annalissa Onnis_Hayden and published by . This book was released on 2019-12 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Clean Coastal Waters by : National Research Council
Download or read book Clean Coastal Waters written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-07-17 with total page 421 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Environmental problems in coastal ecosystems can sometimes be attributed to excess nutrients flowing from upstream watersheds into estuarine settings. This nutrient over-enrichment can result in toxic algal blooms, shellfish poisoning, coral reef destruction, and other harmful outcomes. All U.S. coasts show signs of nutrient over-enrichment, and scientists predict worsening problems in the years ahead. Clean Coastal Waters explains technical aspects of nutrient over-enrichment and proposes both immediate local action by coastal managers and a longer-term national strategy incorporating policy design, classification of affected sites, law and regulation, coordination, and communication. Highlighting the Gulf of Mexico's "Dead Zone," the Pfiesteria outbreak in a tributary of Chesapeake Bay, and other cases, the book explains how nutrients work in the environment, why nitrogen is important, how enrichment turns into over-enrichment, and why some environments are especially susceptible. Economic as well as ecological impacts are examined. In addressing abatement strategies, the committee discusses the importance of monitoring sites, developing useful models of over-enrichment, and setting water quality goals. The book also reviews voluntary programs, mandatory controls, tax incentives, and other policy options for reducing the flow of nutrients from agricultural operations and other sources.
Book Synopsis Overland Flow Treatment of Raw Wastewater with Enhanced Phosphorus Removal by : R. E. Thomas
Download or read book Overland Flow Treatment of Raw Wastewater with Enhanced Phosphorus Removal written by R. E. Thomas and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: