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Author : R. C. Powell
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 35 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (546 download)
Download or read book Research Leading to High Throughput Processing of Thin-film CdTe PV Module written by R. C. Powell and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Research Leading to High Throughput Processing of Thin-film CdTe PV Module written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : R. C. Powell
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (546 download)
Download or read book Research Leading to High Throughput Processing of Thin-film CdTe PV Module written by R. C. Powell and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 5 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (684 download)
Download or read book Technology Support for High-Throughput Processing of Thin-Film CdTe PV Modules Annual Technical Report, Phase II. written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Results and conclusions from Phase II of a three-year subcontract are presented. The subcontract, entitled Technology Support for High-Throughput Processing of Thin-Film CdTe PV Modules, is First Solar's portion of the Thin-Film Photovoltaic Partnership Program. The research effort of this subcontract is divided into four areas of effort: (1) process and equipment development, (2) efficiency improvement, (3) characterization and analysis, and (4) environmental, health, and safety. As part of the process and equipment development effort, a new semiconductor deposition system with a throughput of 3 m2/min was completed, and a production line in a new 75,000 ft2 facility was started and is near completion. As part of the efficiency-improvement task, research was done on cells and modules with thin CdS and buffer layers as way to increase photocurrent with no loss in the other photovoltaic characteristics. A number of activities were part of the characterization and analysis task, including developing a new admittance spectroscopy system, with a range of 0.001 Hz to 100 kHz, to characterize cells. As part of the environmental, health, and safety task, the methanol-based CdCl2 process was replaced with aqueous-CdCl2. This change enabled the retention of a De Minimus level of emissions for the manufacturing plant, so no permitting is required.
Download or read book Danske Søres som Stormectigste H... Frederich den anden... Lodudgaa written by and published by . This book was released on 1590 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (14 download)
Download or read book Research Leading to High Throughput Manfacturing of Thin-Film CdTe PV Modules: Annual Technical Report, September 2003-September 2004 written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First Solar is actively commercializing CdTe-based thin-film photovoltaics. During the past year, major additions of production capability have been completed, as well as process improvements to achieve higher throughput and efficiency and greater durability. This report presents the results of Phase II of the subcontract, entitled 'Research Leading to High Throughput Manufacturing of Thin-FilmCdTe PV Modules.' The subcontract supports several important aspects needed for high-volume manufacturing of high-efficiency modules, including exploration of large-area advanced front-contact window layers, improvements of the semiconductor deposition system, advancement in understanding of post-deposition processing steps and accelerated life testing methods, and progress in the environmental,health and safety programs. Work under this subcontract contributes to the overall manufacturing operation. During Phase II, average module efficiency (total area) on the production line was improved from 7.9% to 8.6% due primarily to process optimization. At the same, time production volume for commercial sales increased from 2.5 MW in 2003 to an estimated 6 MW in 2004. Much of the new 25 MW/yrproduction line has been qualified, and production volume is steadily increasing.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (14 download)
Download or read book Technology Support for High-Throughput Processing of Thin-Film CdTe PV Modules: Phase II Annual Technical Report, 1 April 1999--31 March 2000 written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Results and conclusions from Phase II of a three-year subcontract are presented. The subcontract, entitled 'Technology Support for High-Throughput Processing of Thin-Film CdTe PV Modules,' is First Solar's portion of the Thin-Film Photovoltaic Partnership Program. The research effort of this subcontract is divided into four areas of effort: 1) process and equipment development, 2) efficiencyimprovement, 3) characterization and analysis, and 4) environmental, health, and safety. As part of the process and equipment development effort, a new semiconductor deposition system with a throughput of 3 m2/min was completed, and a production line in a new 75,000 ft2 facility was started and is near completion. As part of the efficiency-improvement task, research was done on cells and moduleswith thin CdS and buffer layers as way to increase photocurrent with no loss in the other photovoltaic characteristics. A number of activities were part of the characterization and analysis task, including developing a new admittance spectroscopy system, with a range of 0.001 Hz to 100 kHz, to characterize cells. As part of the environmental, health, and safety task, the methanol-based CdCl2process was replaced with aqueous-CdCl2. This change enabled the retention of a 'De Minimus' level of emissions for the manufacturing plant, so no permitting is required.
Author : Arvind Shah
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030464873
Total Pages : 357 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (34 download)
Download or read book Solar Cells and Modules written by Arvind Shah and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-07-16 with total page 357 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book gives a comprehensive introduction to the field of photovoltaic (PV) solar cells and modules. In thirteen chapters, it addresses a wide range of topics including the spectrum of light received by PV devices, the basic functioning of a solar cell, and the physical factors limiting the efficiency of solar cells. It places particular emphasis on crystalline silicon solar cells and modules, which constitute today more than 90 % of all modules sold worldwide. Describing in great detail both the manufacturing process and resulting module performance, the book also touches on the newest developments in this sector, such as Tunnel Oxide Passivated Contact (TOPCON) and heterojunction modules, while dedicating a major chapter to general questions of module design and fabrication. Overall, it presents the essential theoretical and practical concepts of PV solar cells and modules in an easy-to-understand manner and discusses current challenges facing the global research and development community.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 47 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (682 download)
Download or read book Technology Support for High-Throughput Processing of Thin-Film CdTe PV Modules written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 47 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report describes the significant progress made in four areas of this subcontract: process and equipment development; efficiency improvement; characterization and analysis; and environmental, health, and safety. As part of the process and equipment development effort, vapor-transport deposition (VTD) was implemented first on a 60-cm-web pilot-production system, then on a 120-cm-web high-throughput coater. Deposition of CdS and CdTe films at a throughput of 3 m2/min was demonstrated, and more than 56,000 plates (each 0.72 m2) were coated -- 16 times the total number coated prior to the start of the contract. Progress was also made in the conversion efficiency and yield of both standard and next-generation modules, with data from more than 3000 sequentially deposited modules having an average total-area conversion efficiency of 7% and next-generation modules produced with efficiency as high as 9.3% (10.15% aperture-area efficiency as measured by NREL). Successful implementation o f in-situ CdS thickness measurements was important to progress in thickness uniformity and control. Net CdTe material utilization of 82% was demonstrated. The ability to raise the utilization further was shown with the demonstration of inherent CdS and CdTe material utilizations of over 90%. Post-CdTe-deposition process development, which included process space exploration and problem diagnosis, was an important part of advances in efficiency and yield. As part of the efficiency-improvement task, research was done on cells and modules with reduced CdS thickness to increase photocurrent.
Author : Richard A. Sasala
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 27 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (382 download)
Download or read book Technology Support for Initiation of High-throughput Processing of Thin-film CdTe PV Modules written by Richard A. Sasala and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 27 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research at Solar Cells, Inc. (SCI) is focused on developing processes that will lead to high-volume and low-cost manufacturing of solar cells and will increase the performance of SCI's present technology. The process research has focused on developing vapor-transport deposition of the semiconductors, eliminating wet-chemistry steps while minimizing the chloride treatment time, forming a low-loss back contact using only dry processing, and creating an improved interconnection technique. The performance improvement work has focused on increasing the photocurrent by a combination of more-transparent glass substrates and a thinner CdS window layer deposited on an i- SnO2 buffer layer. SCI's record 13.0%, 1-cm2 devices have been fabricated using these techniques. Stability monitoring continues and shows minimal degradation for more than 20,000 hours of continuous light-soak at 0.8-sun illumination.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 33 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (684 download)
Download or read book Technology Support for Initiation of High-throughput Processing of Thin-film CdTe PV Modules. Phase II Technical Report, March 14, 1996--March 13, 1997 written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research at Solar Cells Inc. is focused on developing processes which will lead to high volume and low cost manufacturing of solar cells and to increase the performance of their present technology. The process research has focused on developing vapor transport deposition of the semiconductors, eliminating wet chemistry steps while minimizing the chloride treatment time, forming a low-loss back contact using only dry processing, and an improved interconnection technique. The performance improvement work has focused on the increase of the photocurrent by a combination of more transparent glass substrates and a thinner CdS window layer deposited on an i-SnO2 buffer layer. SCI record 13.0% 1 cm2 devices have been fabricated using these techniques. Stability monitoring continues and shows minimal degradation for over 20,000 hours of continuous light soak at 0.8 sun illumination.
Download or read book 東京製絨株式會社定款, 社則, 及職工規則 written by and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (14 download)
Download or read book Technology Support for High-Throughput Processing of Thin-Film CdTe PV Modules: Phase I Annual Technical Report, 1 April 1998 - 31 March 1999 written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report describes work performed by First Solar, L.L.C., during Phase I of this 3-year subcontract. The research effort of this subcontract is divided into four areas: 1) process and equipment development, 2) efficiency improvement, 3) characterization and analysis, and 4) environmental, health, and safety. First Solar made significant progress in all four areas. The results and conclusionsfrom Phase 1 are presented.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 5 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (684 download)
Download or read book Technology Support for High-throughput Processing of Thin-film CdTe PV Modules written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report describes work performed by First Solar, L.L.C., during Phase 1 of this 3-year subcontract. The research effort of this subcontract is divided into four areas: (1) process and equipment development, (2) efficiency improvement, (3) characterization and analysis, and (4) environmental, health, and safety. As part of the process development effort, the output of the pilot-production facility was increased. More than 6,200 8-ft2 CdS/CdTe plates were produced during Phase 1--more than double the total number produced prior to Phase 1. This increase in pilot-production rate was accomplished without a loss in the PV conversion efficiency: the average total-area AM1.5 efficiency of sub-modules produced during the reporting period was 6.4%. Several measurement techniques, such as large-area measurement of CdS thickness, were developed to aid process improvement, and the vapor-transport deposition method was refined. CdTe thickness uniformity and reproducibility were improved. From a population of more than 1,100 plates, the mean standard deviation within a plate was 7.3% and the standard deviation of individual-plate averages was 6.8%. As part of the efficiency-improvement task, research was done on devices with thin-CdS and buffer layers. A cell with 13.9% efficiency was produced on a high-quality substrate, and higher than 12% efficiency was achieved with a cell with no CdS layer. A number of experiments were performed as part of the characterization and analysis task. The temperature dependence of CdTe modules was investigated; the power output was found to be relatively insensitive (
Author : Roland Scheer
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 3527633723
Total Pages : 398 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (276 download)
Download or read book Chalcogenide Photovoltaics written by Roland Scheer and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-03-31 with total page 398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This first comprehensive description of the most important material properties and device aspects closes the gap between general books on solar cells and journal articles on chalcogenide-based photovoltaics. Written by two very renowned authors with years of practical experience in the field, the book covers II-VI and I-III-VI2 materials as well as energy conversion at heterojunctions. It also discusses the latest semiconductor heterojunction models and presents modern analysis concepts. Thin film technology is explained with an emphasis on current and future techniques for mass production, and the book closes with a compendium of failure analysis in photovoltaic thin film modules. With its overview of the semiconductor physics and technology needed, this practical book is ideal for students, researchers, and manufacturers, as well as for the growing number of engineers and researchers working in companies and institutes on chalcogenide photovoltaics.
Author : Richard A. Sasala
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 27 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (358 download)
Download or read book Technology Support for Initiation of High-throughput Processing of Thin-film CdTe PV Modules written by Richard A. Sasala and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 27 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the first phase of this subcontract, we made progress in the important areas of stability, advanced deposition techniques, efficiency, the back contact, no-contact film diagnostics (photoluminescence), and cadmium waste control. The progress in stability was in both the demonstration of devices maintaining at least 90% of the initial efficiency of more than 19,000 hours of continuous light soak and the development of methods that can accurately predict long-term behavior based on the first 5,000-10,000 hours of life. We conducted experiments to determine if device behavior could be accelerated with thermal or voltage stresses. Notable achievements in advancing the state of the art in deposition technology include depositing CdTe on a 3600-cm2 substrate at 600 torr and designing and fabricating a new deposition feed system with a remote semiconductor source. Mathematical modeling of the deposition has permitted a more rapid development of a large-area coater. The efficiency has been increased on small-area devices to 13.3% by decreasing the thickness of the CdS devices and of the glass substrate.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 35 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (683 download)
Download or read book Technology Support for Initiation of High-throughput Processing of Thin-film CdTe PV Modules. Phase 1 Technical Report, March 14, 1995--March 13, 1996 written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Progress has been made in the important areas of stability, advanced deposition techniques, efficiency, the back contact, no-contact film diagnostics (photoluminescence) and Cd waste control. The progress in stability has been in both the demonstration of devices maintaining at least 90% of the initial efficiency for over 19,000 hours of continuous light soak and the development of methods which can accurately predict long term behavior based on the first 5,000--10,000 hours of life. Experiments were conducted to determine if device behavior could be accelerated with thermal or voltage stresses. Notable achievements in deposition technology include depositing CdTe on a 3,600 cm2 substrate at 600 torr and designing and fabricating a new deposition feed system with a remote semiconductor source. The efficiency has been increased on small area devices to 13.3% by decreasing the thickness of the CdS and of the glass substrate. Work also focused on using a high resistivity SnO2 buffer layer between the TCO and thin CdS to help preserve the open-circuit voltage while increasing the current-density. The back contacting process has been simplified by replacing the wet post-deposition etch with a vapor Te deposition step on small area devices. Results show that the devices perform comparably in efficiency but better in stability under light-soaking and open-circuit conditions. Preliminary studies of the correlation between CdS photoluminescence after the chloride treatment and the final device efficiency have shown a positive correlation which may be applicable for in-line quality control. The final area of progress was through the successful demonstration of preventing at least 99.9% of all incoming Cd from leaving in an uncontrolled manner through the land, air or water.
