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Research Fraud In The Behavioral And Biomedical Sciences
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Book Synopsis Research Fraud in the Behavioral and Biomedical Sciences by : David J. Miller
Download or read book Research Fraud in the Behavioral and Biomedical Sciences written by David J. Miller and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 1992-03-24 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Deals with the issues of fraud in research, a subject which has appeared in the newspapers with increasing frequency of late. Includes moral and ethical aspects and legal ramifications as well as the institutional and career pressures to perform.
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309391253 Total Pages :327 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (93 download)
Book Synopsis Fostering Integrity in Research by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book Fostering Integrity in Research written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2018-01-13 with total page 327 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The integrity of knowledge that emerges from research is based on individual and collective adherence to core values of objectivity, honesty, openness, fairness, accountability, and stewardship. Integrity in science means that the organizations in which research is conducted encourage those involved to exemplify these values in every step of the research process. Understanding the dynamics that support â€" or distort â€" practices that uphold the integrity of research by all participants ensures that the research enterprise advances knowledge. The 1992 report Responsible Science: Ensuring the Integrity of the Research Process evaluated issues related to scientific responsibility and the conduct of research. It provided a valuable service in describing and analyzing a very complicated set of issues, and has served as a crucial basis for thinking about research integrity for more than two decades. However, as experience has accumulated with various forms of research misconduct, detrimental research practices, and other forms of misconduct, as subsequent empirical research has revealed more about the nature of scientific misconduct, and because technological and social changes have altered the environment in which science is conducted, it is clear that the framework established more than two decades ago needs to be updated. Responsible Science served as a valuable benchmark to set the context for this most recent analysis and to help guide the committee's thought process. Fostering Integrity in Research identifies best practices in research and recommends practical options for discouraging and addressing research misconduct and detrimental research practices.
Book Synopsis The Economics of Scientific Misconduct by : James R. Wible
Download or read book The Economics of Scientific Misconduct written by James R. Wible and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2022-08-18 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Economics of Scientific Misconduct explores episodes of misconduct in the natural and biomedical sciences and replication failure in economics and psychology over the past half-century. Here scientific misconduct is considered from the perspective of a single discipline such as economics likely for the first time in intellectual history. Research misconduct has become an important concern across many natural, medical, and social sciences, including economics, over the past half-century. Initially, a mainstream economic approach to science and scientific misconduct draws from conventional microeconomics and the theories of Becker, Ehrlich, and C. S. Peirce’s "economy of research." Then the works of Peirce and Thorstein Veblen from the 19th century point toward contemporary debates over statistical inference in econometrics and the failure of recent macroeconomic models. In more contemporary economics, clashes regarding discrimination and harassment have led to a Code of Professional Conduct from the American Economic Association and a Code of Ethics from one of its members. The last chapter considers research ethics matters related to the COVID-19 pandemic. There has been an explosion of research and some retractions. More generally, a concern with research ethics contributes to scientific progress by making some of its most difficult problems more transparent and understandable and thus possibly more surmountable. This book offers valuable insights for students and scholars of research ethics across the sciences, philosophy of science and social science, and economic theory.
Book Synopsis Fraud and Misconduct in Research by : Nachman Ben-Yehuda
Download or read book Fraud and Misconduct in Research written by Nachman Ben-Yehuda and published by University of Michigan Press. This book was released on 2017-10-05 with total page 279 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Fraud and Misconduct in Research, Nachman Ben-Yehuda and Amalya Oliver-Lumerman introduce the main characteristics of research misconduct, portray how the characteristics are distributed, and identify the elements of the organizational context and the practice of scientific research which enable or deter misconduct. Of the nearly 750 known cases between 1880 and 2010 which the authors examine, the overwhelming majority took place in funded research projects and involved falsification and fabrication, followed by misrepresentation and plagiarism. The incidents were often reported by the perpetrator’s colleagues or collaborators. If the accusations were confirmed, the organization usually punished the offender with temporary exclusion from academic activities and institutions launched organizational reforms, including new rules, the establishment of offices to deal with misconduct, and the creation of re-training and education programs for academic staff. Ben-Yehuda and Oliver-Lumerman suggest ways in which efforts to expose and prevent misconduct can further change the work of scientists, universities, and scientific research.
Book Synopsis Science, Technology, and Society by : Sal Restivo
Download or read book Science, Technology, and Society written by Sal Restivo and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2005-05-19 with total page 728 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Emphasizing an interdisciplinary and international coverage of the functions and effects of science and technology in society and culture, Science, Technology, and Society contains over 130 A to Z signed articles written by major scholars and experts from academic and scientific institutions and institutes worldwide. Each article is accompanied by a selected bibliography. Other features include extensive cross referencing throughout, a directory of contributors, and an extensive topical index.
Book Synopsis National Intelligence and Science by : Wilhelm Agrell
Download or read book National Intelligence and Science written by Wilhelm Agrell and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2015 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Intelligence is currently facing increasingly challenging cross-pressures from both a need for accurate and timely assessments of potential or imminent security threats and the unpredictability of many of these emerging threats. The essence of intelligence is no longer the collection, analysis, and dissemination of secret information, but has become instead the management of uncertainty in areas critical for overriding security goals.
Book Synopsis Against Their Will by : Allen M. Hornblum
Download or read book Against Their Will written by Allen M. Hornblum and published by St. Martin's Press. This book was released on 2013-06-25 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the Cold War, an alliance between American scientists, pharmaceutical companies, and the US military pushed the medical establishment into ethically fraught territory. Doctors and scientists at prestigious institutions were pressured to produce medical advances to compete with the perceived threats coming from the Soviet Union. In Against Their Will, authors Allen Hornblum, Judith Newman, and Gregory Dober reveal the little-known history of unethical and dangerous medical experimentation on children in the United States. Through rare interviews and the personal correspondence of renowned medical investigators, they document how children—both normal and those termed "feebleminded"—from infants to teenagers, became human research subjects in terrifying experiments. They were drafted as "volunteers" to test vaccines, doused with ringworm, subjected to electric shock, and given lobotomies. They were also fed radioactive isotopes and exposed to chemical warfare agents. This groundbreaking book shows how institutional superintendents influenced by eugenics often turned these children over to scientific researchers without a second thought. Based on years of archival work and numerous interviews with both scientific researchers and former test subjects, this is a fascinating and disturbing look at the dark underbelly of American medical history.
Book Synopsis Medical Writing and Research Methodology for the Orthopaedic Surgeon by : Cyril Mauffrey
Download or read book Medical Writing and Research Methodology for the Orthopaedic Surgeon written by Cyril Mauffrey and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-12-22 with total page 91 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This unique guide is designed to facilitate the complex task of getting a paper published in an orthopaedics journal. The editors have enlisted expert orthopaedic surgeons from prestigious academic institutions, who share essential advice on how to set up and write on your research. The book addresses fraud issues, the correct use of English and editing, how to develop a sound research methodology, and editors’ and reviewers’ expectations, along with the main reasons for rejection. The future of the Impact Factor, altmetrics and Open Access journals are also discussed, and will be of special interest to young faculty who are starting their research career. The chapters are structured in a reproducible and easy-to-follow format. In addition, the editors offer tips and tricks for non-native speakers writing in English. As such, the book provides an accessible and comprehensive resource for all those seeking guidance on how to publish their research work in the field of orthopaedics.
Book Synopsis Surgical Ethics by : Laurence B. McCullough
Download or read book Surgical Ethics written by Laurence B. McCullough and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 1998-04-02 with total page 417 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first textbook on the subject, this is a practical, clinically comprehensive guide to ethical issues in surgical practice, research, and education written by some of the most prominent figures in the fields of surgery and bioethics. Discussions of informed consent, confidentiality, and advance directives--core concepts integral to every surgeon-patient relationship--open the volume. Seven chapters tackle the ethical issues in surgical practice, covering the full range of surgical patients--from emergency, acute, high-risk, and elective patients, to poor surgical risk and dying patients. The book even considers the special relationship between the surgeon and patients who are family members or friends. Chapters on surgical research and education address innovation, self-regulation in practice and research, and the prevention of unwarranted bias. Two chapters focus on the multidisciplinary nature of surgery, including the relationships between surgery and other medical specialties and the obligations of the surgeon to other members of the surgical team. The economic dimensions of surgery, especially within managed care, are addressed in chapters on the surgeons financial relationships with patients, conflicts of interest, and relationships with payers and institutions. The authors do not engage in abstract discussions of ethical theory; instead, their discussions are always directly relevant to the everyday concerns of practicing surgeons. This well-integrated volume is intended for practicing surgeons, medical educators, surgical residents, bioethicists, and medical students.
Book Synopsis Fundamentals of Behavior Analytic Research by : Alan Poling
Download or read book Fundamentals of Behavior Analytic Research written by Alan Poling and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-21 with total page 229 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By the end of his long life, B. F. Skinner (1904-1990) had become one of the most influential and best known of psychologists (Gilgen, 1982; Heyduke & Fenigstein, 1984). An important feature of the approach to the study of behavior that he championed, behavior analysis, is the intensive study of individual subjects over time. This approach, which is characterized by the use of within-subject experimental designs, repeated and direct measures of behavior, and graphic analysis of data, stands in marked contrast to the research methods favored by many nonbehavioral psychologists. Skinner discussed the advantages of his approach in a number of books (e.g., Skinner, 1938, 1953, 1979), but never devoted a book to methodology. Sidman (1960) and Johnson and Pennypack (1993b) did devote books to behavior analytic research methodology. These books are of excep tionally high quality and should be read carefully by anyone interested in behavior analysis. They are sophisticated, however, and are not easy reads for most neophyte behaviorists. Introductory-level books devoted entirely to methods of applied behavior analysis (e.g., Kazdin, 1982; Barlow & Hersen, 1984) are easier to understand, but somewhat limited in coverage.
Download or read book Junk Science written by Dan Agin and published by Macmillan. This book was released on 2007-11-27 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An overdue indictment of government, industry, and faith groups that twist science for their own gain. During the next thirty years, the American public will suffer from a rampage against reason by special interests in government, commerce, and the faith industry, and the rampage has already begun. In Junk Science, Dan Agin offers a response—a stinging condemnation of the egregious and constant warping of science for ideological gain. In this provocative, wide-ranging, and hard-hitting book, Agin argues from the center that we will pay a heavy price for the follies of people who consciously twist the public's understanding of the real world. In an entertaining but frank tone, Agin separates fact from conveniently "scientific" fiction and exposes the data faking, reality ignoring, fear mongering, and outright lying that contribute to intentionally manufactured public ignorance. Many factions twist scientific data to maintain riches and power, and Agin outs them all in sections like these: --"Buyer Beware" (genetically modified foods, aging, and tobacco companies) --"Medical Follies" (chiropractics, health care, talk therapy) --"Poison and Bombs in the Greenhouse" (pollution, warfare, global warming) --"Religion, Embryos, and Cloning" --"Genes, Behavior, and Race" We already pay a heavy price for many groups' conscious manipulation of the public's understanding of science, and Junk Science arms us with understanding, cutting through the fabric of lies and setting the record straight.
Book Synopsis Scientific Misconduct and Its Cover-up by : Solomon Rivlin
Download or read book Scientific Misconduct and Its Cover-up written by Solomon Rivlin and published by Universal-Publishers. This book was released on 2004 with total page 149 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book describes a true and detailed account of a scientific misconduct case involving two department chairmen in a major medical school, the whistle blowing that exposed their misdeeds, the attempts of cover-up by the university administration and the retaliatory actions of the administration against the whistleblower. The book also describes how the leadership of one of the largest scientific societies in the US has chosen not to investigate a charge of signature forgery on a Society's form . The charge was filed against a member of the society who happened to be one of the chairmen involved in the scientific misconduct case described in the book. While experts on the topic continuously assuring the public that scientific misconduct continues to be newsworthy because it continues to be rare, no one really knows whether such rarity is due only to a few bad apples or to a successful cover-up by university administrators whose job is to protect their institution's reputation and to assure the continuation of extramural research funding. At times when the financial stakes are very high for both the perpetrator scientist and the university that is benefiting from his research grants, the lone whistleblower finds himself even more isolated and against much larger forces, and ultimately, he/she pays a much greater price for blowing the whistle. This book thus exposes for the first time the length to which administrations of some academic institutions are willing to go to prevent the public from hearing about the misdeeds perpetrated by some of their scientists.
Book Synopsis Conducting Research by : Catane, Juliet
Download or read book Conducting Research written by Catane, Juliet and published by Goodwill Trading Co., Inc.. This book was released on 2000 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Clinical Research in Communication Disorders by : M. N. Hegde
Download or read book Clinical Research in Communication Disorders written by M. N. Hegde and published by Plural Publishing. This book was released on 2019-03-06 with total page 541 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thoroughly updated fourth edition of Clinical Research in Communication Disorders: Principles and Strategies remains an instrumental resource for courses on research methods and design in communication disorders. The book is separated into three key sections: science and the scientific methods, clinical research designs, and doing, reporting, and evaluating research. Together, these sections provide thorough coverage of both the single-subject and group design strategies along with issues of measurement; philosophy of science; ethics of research; and planning, conducting, and reporting research. Instructors and students in communication sciences and disorders will appreciate the text's comprehensive coverage of scientific methods, group and single-subject research designs, report writing, and ethics of research in a single source. New to the Fourth EditionNew coauthor, Anthony P. Salvatore, PhDA new chapter on statistical analysis of research data, including several statistical techniques for single-subject research data, meta-analysis of both group and single-subject studiesUpdated criteria for visual analysis of single-subject research dataNew sections on translational research, qualitative research, and mixed methods researchDescriptions of additional research designs not included in the previous edition (e.g., the regression discontinuity design)Updated information on research ethics and review of fraudulent biomedical researchWeb-based sources that monitor research fraud and recalled studiesUpdated and expanded references throughoutKey FeaturesChapter outlines open each chapter and provide a summary of the key topicsChapter summaries recap key points in an easy-to-read bulleted formatEnd-of-chapter study guides allow readers to test their knowledgeBolded key terms throughoutDisclaimer: Please note that ancillary content (such as documents, audio, and video, etc.) may not be included as published in the original print version of this book.
Book Synopsis Law in the Laboratory by : Robert P. Charrow
Download or read book Law in the Laboratory written by Robert P. Charrow and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2010-07-15 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The National Institutes of Health and the National Science Foundation together fund more than $40 billon of research annually in the United States and around the globe. These large public expenditures come with strings, including a complex set of laws and guidelines that regulate how scientists may use NIH and NSF funds, how federally funded research may be conducted, and who may have access to or own the product of the research. Until now, researchers have had little instruction on the nature of these laws and how they work. But now, with Robert P. Charrow’s Law in the Laboratory, they have a readable and entertaining introduction to the major ethical and legal considerations pertaining to research under the aegis of federal science funding. For any academic whose position is grant funded, or for any faculty involved in securing grants, this book will be an essential reference manual. And for those who want to learn how federal legislation and regulations affect laboratory research, Charrow’s primer will shed light on the often obscured intersection of government and science.
Book Synopsis Individual Justice in Mass Tort Litigation by : Jack B. Weinstein
Download or read book Individual Justice in Mass Tort Litigation written by Jack B. Weinstein and published by Northwestern University Press. This book was released on 1995 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Documenting a prominent jurist's efforts, a collection of case studies examines his successes with Vietnam veteran exposure to Agent Orange, asbestos, and DES and repetitive stress syndrome, describes current legal attitudes, and recommends compassionate alternatives.
Book Synopsis The Scientific Study of General Intelligence by : Helmuth Nyborg
Download or read book The Scientific Study of General Intelligence written by Helmuth Nyborg and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2003-07-11 with total page 669 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book celebrates two triumphs in modern psychology: the successful development and application of a solid measure of general intelligence; and the personal courage and skills of the man who made this possible - Arthur R. Jensen from Berkeley University. The volume traces the history of intelligence from the early 19th century approaches, to the most recent analyses of the hierarchical structure of cognitive abilities, and documents the transition from a hopelessly confused concept of intelligence to the development of an objective measure of psychometric g. The contributions illustrate the impressive power g has with respect to predicting educational achievement, getting an attractive job, or social stratification. The book is divided into six parts as follows: Part I presents the most recent higher-stream analysis of cognitive abilities, Part II deals with biological aspects of g, such as research on brain imaging, glucose uptake, working memory, reaction time, inspection time, and other biological correlates, and concludes with the latest findings in g-related molecular genetics. Part III addresses demographic aspects of g, such as geographic-, race-, and sex-differences, and introduces differential psychological aspects as well. Part IV concentrates on the g nexus, and relates such highly diverse topics as sociology, genius, retardation, training, education, jobs, and crime to g. Part V contains chapters critical of research on g and its genetic relationship, and also presents a rejoinder. Part VI looks at one of the greatest contemporary psychologists, Professor Emeritus Arthur R. Jensen as teacher and mentor.
