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Research And Development In Russia
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Author :Christoph M. Schneider Publisher :Springer Science & Business Media ISBN 13 :3662303728 Total Pages :265 pages Book Rating :4.6/5 (623 download)
Book Synopsis Research and Development Management: From the Soviet Union to Russia by : Christoph M. Schneider
Download or read book Research and Development Management: From the Soviet Union to Russia written by Christoph M. Schneider and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past, intensive interest in Soviet research and development has been sporadic both in the West and in the USSR. The end of the 1980s coincided with the demise of the Soviet model of economic development. As a result, a surge of attention has been given to t~e factors driving the motor of Soviet growth and development, as well as R&D. The opening, first, of the Soviet and, subsequently, of the Russian economy, finally exposed it to global stan to scientific dards. The long period of international isolation with respect and technological exchanges made it difficult for scholars and policy makers at home and abroad to measure the status of Soviet advances. Consequently, some overrated the levels, while others underestimated them. Now it comes to light that, although the Soviets put the first satellite in space (Sputnik) and developed their own hydrogen bomb, these were more the exceptions of innovation from research results rather than the rule. Therefore, as the management of the entire economy increasingly malfunctioned, so did the management of R&D in contributing to economic growth and development. There is no denying the incredible investment of the former Soviet state in domestic science and research. The R&D community was one of the largest, if not the largest, in the world during the second half of the twentieth century. Now, Russia has inherited not only this enormous resource, but also the inadequate organization, management, and structure.
Book Synopsis Research and Development in Russia by :
Download or read book Research and Development in Russia written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: If the U.S. government had reduced its research and development (R&D) funding by about 76% in real dollars from 1990 to 1996, the U.S. national R&D system would be in crisis. But even then, the situation in the United States probably would not have been as severe as is now the case in Russia, where that percentage of reduction in governmental R&D funding has occurred, because the United States has a large private-sector R&D system. The leadership under President Yeltsin continues to move Russia from the Soviet-era command economy toward a free-market system. This involves a restructuring and downsizing of Russiaâ€TMs R&D system and its reorientation toward civilian R&D. This restructuring, however, also has been driven to a significant extent by the nationâ€TMs deep economic recession. Although large decreases in R&D funding and personnel and a deterioration of R&D facilities have occurred since 1991, recent R&D budget figures (questioned by some experts) might indicate a reversal of this trend. The most recent changes in the governmentâ€TMs top-level R&D policy leaders also suggest that R&D, despite its budget decreases, still is considered important in Yeltsinâ€TMs reform government. Among several recent important R&D reforms was the establishment of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research in 1993, an important innovation in Russian R&D policy because it funds individual researchers directly rather than their research institutes, on the model of the U.S. National Science Foundation. A number of international financing schemes and structures to bolster the Russian R&D system also have been created. U.S. policy issues parallel ongoing U.S. and international programs to more fully integrate Russia peacefully into the community of nations, thereby reducing the potential for future conflict and increasing Russia's contribution to world economic development. Major federal programs in support of Russian R&D accounted for about $1.5 billion during the period from 1992 through 1998, with NASA contributing over $900 million and DOD, DOE, and other federal agencies the rest. One of the several new organizations established to cooperate with Russia in R&D activities by providing research grants to Russian scientists is the U.S. Civilian Research and Development Foundation, created by Congress in 1992. Supporting all U.S. cooperative R&D programs with Russia is the U.S.-Russian Joint Commission on Economic and Technological Cooperation, established in April 1993. It appears that the U.S. cooperative R&D programs are contributing to Russia's peaceful transition to a market economy and are successfully addressing scientific and technological problems and opportunities of mutual concern to the United States, Russia, and other countries. Several years of experience with U.S.-Russia cooperative R&D programs suggest that it is both worthwhile and practicable for the United States to identify and promote cooperative R&D programs which are mutually beneficial to the two nations, while carefully restricting R&D and dual-use technologies that may contribute to near-term or long-term military threats to U.S. national security.
Author :National Research Council and Russian Academy of Sciences Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309061946 Total Pages :149 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (9 download)
Book Synopsis Technology Commercialization by : National Research Council and Russian Academy of Sciences
Download or read book Technology Commercialization written by National Research Council and Russian Academy of Sciences and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1999-01-09 with total page 149 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection of papersâ€"by American and Russian specialistsâ€"addresses a variety of legal, regulatory, institutional, and financial issues that can promote or hinder technology commercialization. The book is the result of a series of workshops organized by the National Research Council with the Russian Academy of Sciences on commercialization of technologies, particularly those developed at research and educational institutions. Technology Commercialization concludes with a list of actions, programs, and policies which warrant further consideration as Russia tries to improve the success of technology commercialization. This book will be of interest to those concerned with small-business development in post-communist states, university technology management, and comparative technology commercialization.
Book Synopsis Research and Development in Russia by : William C. Boesman
Download or read book Research and Development in Russia written by William C. Boesman and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Bridging the Innovation Gap in Russia by : OECD
Download or read book Bridging the Innovation Gap in Russia written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2001-09-20 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proceedings of a seminar in Helsinki that examined the climate for innovation in Russia and discussed the lessons that can be drawn from the institutional reforms and recent policy initiatives in OECD countries to enhance the contribution of science and technology to innovation and growth.
Book Synopsis Innovating for Profit in Russia by : Russian Academy of Sciences
Download or read book Innovating for Profit in Russia written by Russian Academy of Sciences and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2006-03-17 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The National Research Council hosted an interacademy workshop in Yekaterinburg, Russia together with the Russian Academy of Sciences in October 2004 as a means of exploring various aspects of industrial innovation in the Urals region of Russia. Workshop presenters focused on the establishment of cooperative business partnerships between Russian industrial companies and Russian research organizations, particularly those in the closed nuclear cities of Russia. The concept of "market pull" was therefore an important aspect of the workshop, including partnerships between Russian researchers and international companies, as well as those with international research centers. However, given the complex economic and research climates in Russia, which are intensified in the nuclear cities, cooperation between Russian industry and Russian researchers were of primary during the workshop presentations and subsequent discussions as captured in this workshop summary.
Book Synopsis Strategic Innovation in Russia by : Taco C.R. van Someren
Download or read book Strategic Innovation in Russia written by Taco C.R. van Someren and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-09-26 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a radically different approach to innovation aimed at creating new growth cycles for the Russian economy. To better grasp the opportunities hidden behind worldwide megatrends, such as the growing economic prosperity of Asian countries and the importance of the internet-based economy, the authors argue for a reinvention of Russia’s innovation strategy. Instead of a purely technology-driven approach, the authors illustrate how the principles of strategic innovation help develop institutional and non-technical innovation, as well as new forms of leadership and entrepreneurship within the Russian business culture. The authors also discuss the impact of strategic innovation on corporate strategies, innovation and economic policy, as well as academic research and development agendas. The book also sheds new light on how cooperation between Russia and the EU, the US and China in the area of innovation can be of mutual benefit.
Book Synopsis Political, Economic, and Social Factors Affecting the Development of Russian Statehood: Emerging Research and Opportunities by : Ershov, Bogdan
Download or read book Political, Economic, and Social Factors Affecting the Development of Russian Statehood: Emerging Research and Opportunities written by Ershov, Bogdan and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2019-07-26 with total page 155 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The historical development of Russia remains one of the most unique yet ambiguous timelines in the realm of political science and sociology. Understanding the state of culture as a single, dynamic, and interrelated phenomenon is a vital component regarding the memoirs of this prominent nation. Political, Economic, and Social Factors Affecting the Development of Russian Statehood: Emerging Research and Opportunities is a collection of innovative research on the historical aspects of the formation of the political system in Russia and proposes directions for the further development of modern Russian statehood. While highlighting topics including socio-politics, Soviet culture, and capitalization, this book is ideally designed for economists, government officials, policymakers, historians, diplomats, intelligence specialists, political analysts, professors, students, and professionals seeking current research on the history of public administration in Russia.
Book Synopsis Research and Development in Russia by :
Download or read book Research and Development in Russia written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Prospects for Russian Military R & D. by :
Download or read book Prospects for Russian Military R & D. written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report examines the Russian military's options for achieving weapons modernization and new weapons development through either a revitalized state military research and development (R & D) sector or a robust civil scientific and technical (S & T) sector. It considers the likelihood that neither of these sectors will prove adequate to the military's needs in the near term, forcing Russia to turn to the West for military-technical assistance. By investigating trends in the Russian scientific community as a whole, including science funding, higher education, the brain drain, and the evolution of scientific organizations, it assesses long-term prospects for Russian military R & D.
Book Synopsis Science in the New Russia by : Loren R. Graham
Download or read book Science in the New Russia written by Loren R. Graham and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first comprehensive look at changes in Russian science since the collapse of the Soviet Union
Book Synopsis Research and Development (R and D) Conversion in Russia by : Ksenia Gonchar
Download or read book Research and Development (R and D) Conversion in Russia written by Ksenia Gonchar and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 119 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Swords into Market Shares by : a Joseph Henry Press book
Download or read book Swords into Market Shares written by a Joseph Henry Press book and published by Joseph Henry Press. This book was released on 2000-12-08 with total page 331 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While researching this book, Glenn Schweitzer met four Moscow physicists who were trying to license Russian technology to western firms for product manufacture. During the worst times, they were reduced to driving taxis to keep things afloat. He asked them, will technological innovation have a discernible impact on the Russian economy in the coming decade? No, was the immediate reply. Are they right? In Swords into Market Shares, Schweitzer examines the roots of such pessimism and the prospects for Russia to prosper from its technology in the post-Soviet world. He explores the different visions of prosperity held by entrepreneurs, technologists, and government officials and goes on to examine the barriers to progress as Russia struggles to build a viable technology industry on its own terms. In accessible language, this book talks about technology's place within Russia's economy and its research and development infrastructure. Schweitzer looks at the impact of the Soviet legacyâ€"central planning, lack of priorities, scant incentives for personal initiativeâ€"and the aftermath of the Russian financial meltdown of 1998. He also reviews the experiences of American companies that have invested in Russian technology and examines the results of pressure to reform according to the economic model of the West. Schweitzer goes on to document the problems of economic crime and government corruption, which plague activities designed to generate income in Russia. He discusses the lack of protection for intellectual property and taxation issues that stand in the way of technological innovation. The book looks at the impact of the "brain drain" as Russian experts seek greener pasturesâ€"not only the ominous recruitment of Russian biological weapons experts and the acquisition of military technology by "rogue" nationsâ€"but also Russia's own program to sell military technology for badly needed funds. Schweitzer's use of case studies and examples puts a human face on these issues. He also discusses Russia's 60 "science cities"â€"sites of state research centersâ€"with close-ups of three "nuclear cities." Can the technical strengths of the Soviet military complex find a place in civilian Russia? How can this vast country sustain even a minimal standard of living? Swords into Market Shares addresses these and other key questions and explores fundamental policy issues confronting both Russia and the United States as Russia struggles for an economic foothold.
Book Synopsis Research and Development, R and D by : Ksenia Gonchar
Download or read book Research and Development, R and D written by Ksenia Gonchar and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 119 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Biosecurity in Putin's Russia by : Raymond A. Zilinskas
Download or read book Biosecurity in Putin's Russia written by Raymond A. Zilinskas and published by Lynne Rienner Publishers. This book was released on 2018 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Russian Applied Research and Development by : L. M. Gokhberg
Download or read book Russian Applied Research and Development written by L. M. Gokhberg and published by . This book was released on 1997-01-01 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Science, Technology and Innovation Policies by : Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
Download or read book Science, Technology and Innovation Policies written by Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 115 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
