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Republic Of Armenia Presidential Election 19 February 2008
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Author :Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe. Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :10 pages Book Rating :4.:/5 (498 download)
Book Synopsis Republic of Armenia Presidential Election, 19 February 2008 by : Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe. Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights
Download or read book Republic of Armenia Presidential Election, 19 February 2008 written by Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe. Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Republic of Armenia Presidential Election, 19 February 2008 by : Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights
Download or read book Republic of Armenia Presidential Election, 19 February 2008 written by Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe. Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :11 pages Book Rating :4.:/5 (437 download)
Book Synopsis International Election Observation Mission, Presidential Election, Republic of Armenia, 19 February 2008 by : Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe. Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights
Download or read book International Election Observation Mission, Presidential Election, Republic of Armenia, 19 February 2008 written by Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe. Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe. Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :32 pages Book Rating :4.:/5 (439 download)
Book Synopsis Armenia Presidential Election, 19 February 2008 by : Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe. Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights
Download or read book Armenia Presidential Election, 19 February 2008 written by Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe. Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Democracy on Rocky Ground by : Human Rights Watch (Organization)
Download or read book Democracy on Rocky Ground written by Human Rights Watch (Organization) and published by Human Rights Watch. This book was released on 2009 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Police and protestors clashed in Armenia's capital, Yerevan, on March 1, 2008, bringing to a head the country's latest electoral dispute--over the results of a presidential poll in February 2008. On that day, in episodes at different city center locations, police variously set upon protestors without warning or resistance, negotiated, withdrew, returned to the offensive, and finally fought a pitched battle with a small group of protestors. At least ten people died--eight protestors and two police officers--and scores were injured ... The Armenian authorities' response to the March 1 events has been one-sided. While they have convicted dozens of opposition members, sometimes in flawed and politically motivated trials, for organizing the demonstration and participating in violent disorder, they have not prosecuted any law enforcement official for excessive use of force. The authorities have also dismissed as unfounded all allegations of ill-treatment and torture in detention"--Cover, p. [4].
Book Synopsis The Political Economy of Human Rights in Armenia by : Simon Payaslian
Download or read book The Political Economy of Human Rights in Armenia written by Simon Payaslian and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2011-06-30 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since its independence from the Soviet Union in 1991, Armenia has experienced a reversal from democratization to a Soviet-style authoritarian regime and has been accused of repressive approaches to human rights. Here, Simon Payaslian juxtaposes a masterful survey of the history of the Armenian people from the nineteenth century through the first republic (1918-21) and Sovietization to the present, with the evolution of international human rights standards, and argues that a statist and authoritarian political culture has impeded political liberalization and institutionalization of human rights principles. Highlighting the clash between sovereignty on one side and human rights and democracy on the other, this comprehensive and in-depth analysis is essential for all those interested in human rights, democratization, political repression and the former Soviet republics.
Book Synopsis Defending Democratic Norms by : Daniela Donno
Download or read book Defending Democratic Norms written by Daniela Donno and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2013-08-02 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although nearly every country in the world today holds multiparty elections, these contests are often blatantly unfair. For governments, electoral misconduct is a tempting but also a risky practice, because it represents a violation of Although nearly every country in the world today holds multiparty elections, these contests are often blatantly unfair. For governments, electoral misconduct is a tempting but also a risky practice, because it represents a violation of international standards for free and fair elections. In Defending Democratic Norms, Daniela Donno examines how international actors respond to these norm violations. Which governments are punished for manipulating elections? Does international norm enforcement make a difference? Donno shows that although enforcement is selective and relatively rare, when international actors do employ tools of conditionality, diplomacy, mediation and shaming in response to electoral misconduct, they can have transformative effects on both the quality and outcome of elections. Specifically, enforcement works by empowering the domestic opposition and increasing the government's incentives to reform institutions of electoral management and oversight. These effects depend, however, on the presence of a viable opposition movement, as well as on the strength and credibility of the enforcement effort itself. The book shows that regional international organizations possess unique sources of leverage and legitimacy that make them the most consistently effective norm defenders, even compared to more materially powerful actors like the United States. Drawing on an original dataset from almost 700 elections and incorporating case studies from the Dominican Republic, Serbia, Armenia, Kenya and Cambodia, Defending Democratic Norms is a bold new theory of international norm enforcement that demonstrates the importance of active international intervention in domestic politics.
Book Synopsis Democratic Transformation and Obstruction by : Nelli Babayan
Download or read book Democratic Transformation and Obstruction written by Nelli Babayan and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-08-21 with total page 221 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although "democracy promotion" has become a popular term for policy makers and scholars, democratization is rarely a smooth or linear transition. While some countries quickly democratize, others lag behind despite a long period of democracy promotion activities. Furthermore, while democracy promotion itself has been widely studied, there is a paucity of literature available assessing the outcome or the impact of democracy promotion. This book investigates democracy promotion by the European Union and the United States of America, and seeks to uncover why intensive democracy promotion has resulted in limited democratic progress. Exploring case studies of Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia, this book examines the conditions in which democracy promotion is more likely to result in democratic transformation. In addition, it introduces the concept of the "democracy blocker," a powerful authoritarian regional actor that is capable of blocking democratization in other countries. This book will be of interest to students and scholars of Political Science, Democracy, Democratization, EU Studies, US Politics, Comparative Politics, and Foreign Policy.
Book Synopsis Defeating Authoritarian Leaders in Postcommunist Countries by : Valerie J. Bunce
Download or read book Defeating Authoritarian Leaders in Postcommunist Countries written by Valerie J. Bunce and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2011-06-30 with total page 387 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From 1998 to 2005, six elections took place in postcommunist Europe that had the surprising outcome of empowering the opposition and defeating authoritarian incumbents or their designated successors. Valerie J. Bunce and Sharon L. Wolchik compare these unexpected electoral breakthroughs. They draw three conclusions. First, the opposition was victorious because of the hard and creative work of a transnational network composed of local opposition and civil society groups, members of the international democracy assistance community and graduates of successful electoral challenges to authoritarian rule in other countries. Second, the remarkable run of these upset elections reflected the ability of this network to diffuse an ensemble of innovative electoral strategies across state boundaries. Finally, elections can serve as a powerful mechanism for democratic change. This is especially the case when civil society is strong, the transfer of political power is through constitutional means, and opposition leaders win with small mandates.
Book Synopsis Monitoring Democracy by : Judith G. Kelley
Download or read book Monitoring Democracy written by Judith G. Kelley and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2012-03-25 with total page 359 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent decades, governments and NGOs--in an effort to promote democracy, freedom, fairness, and stability throughout the world--have organized teams of observers to monitor elections in a variety of countries. But when more organizations join the practice without uniform standards, are assessments reliable? When politicians nonetheless cheat and monitors must return to countries even after two decades of engagement, what is accomplished? Monitoring Democracy argues that the practice of international election monitoring is broken, but still worth fixing. By analyzing the evolving interaction between domestic and international politics, Judith Kelley refutes prevailing arguments that international efforts cannot curb government behavior and that democratization is entirely a domestic process. Yet, she also shows that democracy promotion efforts are deficient and that outside actors often have no power and sometimes even do harm. Analyzing original data on over 600 monitoring missions and 1,300 elections, Kelley grounds her investigation in solid historical context as well as studies of long-term developments over several elections in fifteen countries. She pinpoints the weaknesses of international election monitoring and looks at how practitioners and policymakers might help to improve them.
Book Synopsis Electoral Strategies under Authoritarianism by : Megan Hauser
Download or read book Electoral Strategies under Authoritarianism written by Megan Hauser and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2019-01-30 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the factors that explain incumbent and opposition behavior in electoral authoritarian regimes. It focuses on states in the post-Soviet region and finds variation in the types of manipulation, the formation of opposition coalitions as well as election boycotts.
Book Synopsis Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia by : Jim Nichol
Download or read book Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia written by Jim Nichol and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2011 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a print on demand edition of a hard to find publication. The U.S. recognized the independence of Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia when the former Soviet Union broke up at the end of 1991. Contents of this report: (1) Recent Developments; (2) Background; (3) Overview of U.S. Policy Concerns: Operations in Iraq; After the Aug. 2008 Russia-Georgia Conflict; (4) The South Caucasus¿s External Security Context: Russian Involvement in the Region: Caspian Energy Resources; Roles of Turkey, Iran, and Others; (5) Obstacles to Peace and Independence: Nagorno Karabakh Conflict; Civil and Ethnic Conflict in Georgia; (6) U.S. Aid Overview; (7) U.S. Security Assistance; (8) U.S. Trade and Invest.: Building the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan and South Caucasus Pipelines; EU Concerns; Regional Energy Cooperation with Iran.
Book Synopsis Competitive Authoritarianism by : Steven Levitsky
Download or read book Competitive Authoritarianism written by Steven Levitsky and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2010-08-16 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based on a detailed study of 35 cases in Africa, Asia, Latin America, and post-communist Eurasia, this book explores the fate of competitive authoritarian regimes between 1990 and 2008. It finds that where social, economic, and technocratic ties to the West were extensive, as in Eastern Europe and the Americas, the external cost of abuse led incumbents to cede power rather than crack down, which led to democratization. Where ties to the West were limited, external democratizing pressure was weaker and countries rarely democratized. In these cases, regime outcomes hinged on the character of state and ruling party organizations. Where incumbents possessed developed and cohesive coercive party structures, they could thwart opposition challenges, and competitive authoritarian regimes survived; where incumbents lacked such organizational tools, regimes were unstable but rarely democratized.
Book Synopsis Patronal Politics by : Henry E. Hale
Download or read book Patronal Politics written by Henry E. Hale and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2015 with total page 557 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book proposes a new way of understanding events throughout the world that are usually interpreted as democratization, rising authoritarianism, or revolution. Where the rule of law is weak and corruption pervasive, what may appear to be democratic or authoritarian breakthroughs are often just regular, predictable phases in longer-term cyclic dynamics - patronal politics. This is shown through in-depth narratives of the post-1991 political history of all post-Soviet polities that are not in the European Union. This book also includes chapters on czarist and Soviet history and on global patterns.
Book Synopsis Russia, EU and the Post-Soviet Democratic Failure by : Bidzina Lebanidze
Download or read book Russia, EU and the Post-Soviet Democratic Failure written by Bidzina Lebanidze and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-05-22 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By studying the influence of the two main external actors in post-Soviet space, the EU and Russia, this study contributes to the increasing body of literature that studies the causes of democratic recession and authoritarian backlash in post-Soviet states and the role of regional actors in these processes. Empirically, the study finds the EU to be both a democracy-promoting and democracy-hindering actor in post-Soviet states. Russia’s impact, on the other hand, is far more negative than the literature on democratization and autocracy promotion typically suggests. It negatively affects both the quality of democracy of post-Soviet states and limits the EU's options for promoting democracy in its neighborhood.
Book Synopsis Elections and Democracy after Communism? by : E. Herron
Download or read book Elections and Democracy after Communism? written by E. Herron and published by Springer. This book was released on 2009-05-25 with total page 245 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book uses elections as a vehicle to explain the unanticipated outcomes of post-Soviet politics. It assesses how the behavior of voters, candidates and government officials is influenced by the Soviet legacy and rational calculations of self-interest and is the first to address elections across post-Soviet space.
Book Synopsis Compliance with Judgments of the European Court of Human Rights by : Ramute Remezaite
Download or read book Compliance with Judgments of the European Court of Human Rights written by Ramute Remezaite and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2023-12-18 with total page 293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What does compliance with judgments of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) look like in states on the spectrum of democratisation? This work provides an in-depth investigation of three such states—Armenia, Azerbaijan and Georgia— in the wider context of the growing 'implementation crisis' in Europe, and does so through a combined lens of theoretical insights and rich empirical data. The book offers a detailed analysis of the domestic contexts varying from democratising to increasingly authoritarian tendencies, which shape the states’ compliance behaviour, and discusses why and how such states comply with human rights judgments. It puts particular focus on ‘contested’ compliance as a new form of compliance behaviour involving states’ acting in ‘bad faith’ and argues for a revival of the concept of partial compliance. The wider impact that ECtHR judgments have in states on the spectrum of democratisation is also explored.
