Representing Northern Peatland Microtopography And Hydrology Within The Community Land Model

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Representing Northern Peatland Microtopography and Hydrology Within the Community Land Model

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 15 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (953 download)

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Book Synopsis Representing Northern Peatland Microtopography and Hydrology Within the Community Land Model by :

Download or read book Representing Northern Peatland Microtopography and Hydrology Within the Community Land Model written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Predictive understanding of northern peatland hydrology is a necessary precursor to understanding the fate of massive carbon stores in these systems under the influence of present and future climate change. Current models have begun to address microtopographic controls on peatland hydrology, but none have included a prognostic calculation of peatland water table depth for a vegetated wetland, independent of prescribed regional water tables. We introduce here a new configuration of the Community Land Model (CLM) which includes a fully prognostic water table calculation for a vegetated peatland. Our structural and process changes to CLM focus on modifications needed to represent the hydrologic cycle of bogs environment with perched water tables, as well as distinct hydrologic dynamics and vegetation communities of the raised hummock and sunken hollow microtopography characteristic of peatland bogs. The modified model was parameterized and independently evaluated against observations from an ombrotrophic raised-dome bog in northern Minnesota (S1-Bog), the site for the Spruce and Peatland Responses Under Climatic and Environmental Change experiment (SPRUCE). Simulated water table levels compared well with site-level observations. The new model predicts hydrologic changes in response to planned warming at the SPRUCE site. At present, standing water is commonly observed in bog hollows after large rainfall events during the growing season, but simulations suggest a sharp decrease in water table levels due to increased evapotranspiration under the most extreme warming level, nearly eliminating the occurrence of standing water in the growing season. Simulated soil energy balance was strongly influenced by reduced winter snowpack under warming simulations, with the warming influence on soil temperature partly offset by the loss of insulating snowpack in early and late winter. Furthermore, the new model provides improved predictive capacity for seasonal hydrological dynamics in northern peatlands, and provides a useful foundation for investigation of northern peatland carbon exchange.

Land Carbon Cycle Modeling

Author : Yiqi Luo
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 0429531303
Total Pages : 602 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (295 download)

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Book Synopsis Land Carbon Cycle Modeling by : Yiqi Luo

Download or read book Land Carbon Cycle Modeling written by Yiqi Luo and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2022-08-18 with total page 602 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon moves through the atmosphere, through the oceans, onto land, and into ecosystems. This cycling has a large effect on climate – changing geographic patterns of rainfall and the frequency of extreme weather – and is altered as the use of fossil fuels adds carbon to the cycle. The dynamics of this global carbon cycling are largely predicted over broad spatial scales and long periods of time by Earth system models. This book addresses the crucial question of how to assess, evaluate, and estimate the potential impact of the additional carbon to the land carbon cycle. The contributors describe a set of new approaches to land carbon cycle modeling for better exploring ecological questions regarding changes in carbon cycling; employing data assimilation techniques for model improvement; and doing real- or near-time ecological forecasting for decision support. This book strives to balance theoretical considerations, technical details, and applications of ecosystem modeling for research, assessment, and crucial decision making. Key Features Helps readers understand, implement, and criticize land carbon cycle models Offers a new theoretical framework to understand transient dynamics of land carbon cycle Describes a suite of modeling skills – matrix approach to represent land carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus cycles; data assimilation and machine learning to improve parameterization; and workflow systems to facilitate ecological forecasting Introduces a new set of techniques, such as semi-analytic spin-up (SASU), unified diagnostic system with a 1-3-5 scheme, traceability analysis, and benchmark analysis, for model evaluation and improvement Related Titles Isabel Ferrera, ed. Climate Change and the Oceanic Carbon Cycle: Variables and Consequences (ISBN 978-1-774-63669-5) Lal, R. et al., eds. Soil Processes and the Carbon Cycle (ISBN 978-0-8493-7441-8) Windham-Myers, L., et al., eds. A Blue Carbon Primer: The State of Coastal Wetland Carbon Science, Practice and Policy (ISBN 978-0-367-89352-1)

Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Infrastructures

Author : Abad Chabbi
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1498751334
Total Pages : 534 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (987 download)

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Book Synopsis Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Infrastructures by : Abad Chabbi

Download or read book Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Infrastructures written by Abad Chabbi and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-03-03 with total page 534 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Infrastructures: Challenges and Opportunities reveals how environmental research infrastructures (RIs) provide new valuable insights on ecological processes that cannot be realized by more traditional short-term funding cycles and are integral to understand our changing world. This book bonds the latest state-of-the-science knowledge on environmental RIs, the challenges in creating them, their place in addressing scientific frontiers, and the new perspectives they bear. Each chapter is thoughtfully invested with fresh viewpoints from the environmental RI vantage as the authors explore and explain many topics such as the rationale and challenges in global change, field and modeling platforms, new tools, challenges in data management, distilling information into knowledge, and new developments in large-scale RIs. This work serves an advantageous guide for academics and practitioners alike who aim to deepen their knowledge in the field of science and project management, and logistics operations.

Wetland Indicators

Author : Ralph W. Tiner
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1315357070
Total Pages : 588 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (153 download)

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Book Synopsis Wetland Indicators by : Ralph W. Tiner

Download or read book Wetland Indicators written by Ralph W. Tiner and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-12-19 with total page 588 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understand the current concept of wetland and methods for identifying, describing, classifying, and delineating wetlands in the United States with Wetland Indicators - capturing the current state of science's role in wetland recognition and mapping. Environmental scientists and others involved with wetland regulations can strengthen their knowledge about wetlands, and the use of various indicators, to support their decisions on difficult wetland determinations. Professor Tiner primarily focuses on plants, soils, and other signs of wetland hydrology in the soil, or on the surface of wetlands in his discussion of Wetland Indicators. Practicing - and aspiring - wetland delineators alike will appreciate Wetland Indicators' critical insight into the development and significance of hydrophytic vegetation, hydric soils, and other factors. Features Color images throughout illustrate wetland indicators. Incorporates analysis and coverage of the latest Army Corps of Engineers delineation manual. Provides over 60 tables, including extensive tables of U.S. wetland plant communities and examples for determining hydrophytic vegetation.

Using Terrestrial Laser Scanning to Characterize Peatland Microtopography and Assess Tree Growth Responses to Elevated Temperature and CO2

Download Using Terrestrial Laser Scanning to Characterize Peatland Microtopography and Assess Tree Growth Responses to Elevated Temperature and CO2 PDF Online Free

Author : Jake D. Graham
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 161 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (122 download)

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Book Synopsis Using Terrestrial Laser Scanning to Characterize Peatland Microtopography and Assess Tree Growth Responses to Elevated Temperature and CO2 by : Jake D. Graham

Download or read book Using Terrestrial Laser Scanning to Characterize Peatland Microtopography and Assess Tree Growth Responses to Elevated Temperature and CO2 written by Jake D. Graham and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Northern peatlands are a major terrestrial carbon (C) store, with an annual sink of 0.1 Pg C yr-1 and a total storage estimate of 547 Pg C. Northern peatlands are also major contributors of atmospheric methane, a potent greenhouse gas. The microtopography of peatlands helps modulate peatland carbon fluxes; however, there is a lack of quantitative characterizations of microtopography in the literature. The lack of formalized schemes to characterize microtopography makes comparisons between studies difficult. Further, many land surface models do not accurately simulate peatland C emissions, in part because they do not adequately represent peatland microtopography and hydrology. The C balance of peatlands is determined by differences in C influxes and effluxes, with the largest being net primary production and heterotrophic respiration, respectively. Tree net primary production at a treed bog in northern Minnesota represented about 13% of C inputs to the peatland, and marks tree aboveground net primary production (ANPP) as an important pathway for C to enter peatlands. Tree species Picea mariana (Black spruce) and Larix Laricina (Tamarack) are typically found in wooded peatlands in North America, and are widely distributed in the North American boreal zone. Therefore, understanding how these species will respond to environmental change is needed to make predictions of peatland C budgets in the future. As the climate warms, peatlands are expected to increase C release to the atmosphere, resulting in a positive feedback loop. Further, climate warming is expected to occur faster in northern latitudes compared to the rest of the globe. The Spruce and Peatland Responses Under Changing Environments (SPRUCE; https://mnspruce.ornl.gov/) manipulates temperature and CO2 concentrations to evaluate the in-situ response of a peatland to environmental change and is located in Minnesota, USA. In this dissertation, I documented surface roughness metrics for peatland microtopography in SPRUCE plots and developed three explicit methods for classifying frequently used microtopographic classes (microforms) for different scientific applications. Subsequently I used one of these characterizations to perform a sensitivity analysis and improve the parameterization of microtopography in a land surface model that was calibrated at the SPRUCE site. The modeled outputs of C from the analyses ranged from 0.8-34.8% when microtopographical parameters were allowed to vary within observed ranges. Further, C related outputs when using our data-driven parameterization differed from outputs when using the default parameterization by -7.9 - 12.2%"--Boise State University ScholarWorks.

Peatland and Water in the Northern Lake States

Author : Don H. Boelter
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 28 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (319 download)

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Book Synopsis Peatland and Water in the Northern Lake States by : Don H. Boelter

Download or read book Peatland and Water in the Northern Lake States written by Don H. Boelter and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Peatland Biogeochemistry and Watershed Hydrology at the Marcell Experimental Forest

Author : Randall Kolka
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1439814252
Total Pages : 506 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (398 download)

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Book Synopsis Peatland Biogeochemistry and Watershed Hydrology at the Marcell Experimental Forest by : Randall Kolka

Download or read book Peatland Biogeochemistry and Watershed Hydrology at the Marcell Experimental Forest written by Randall Kolka and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2011-02-22 with total page 506 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Marcell Experimental Forest (MEF) in Minnesota serves as a living laboratory and provides scientists with a fundamental understanding of peatland hydrology, acid rain impacts, nutrient and carbon cycling, trace gas emissions, and controls on mercury transport in boreal watersheds. Its important role in scientific research continues to grow as t

Peatlands and Environmental Change

Author : Dan Charman
Publisher : Wiley
ISBN 13 : 9780471969907
Total Pages : 312 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (699 download)

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Book Synopsis Peatlands and Environmental Change by : Dan Charman

Download or read book Peatlands and Environmental Change written by Dan Charman and published by Wiley. This book was released on 2002-11-22 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Due to an awareness of peatlands as a diminishing resource, peatland conservation and rehabilitation has become an important study area. Peatlands and Environmental Change offers a new approach by considering peatlands as a whole ecosystem, and thereby provides a better understanding of the importance and the consequences of the functioning of peatlands. Contents include: * Peat and peatlands * Peat landforms and structure * Peatland hydrology and ecology * Origins and pest initiation * Peat accumulation * The peatland archive: palaeoenvironmental evidence * Autogenic change * Allogenic change * Peatland - environmental feedbacks * Values, exploitation and human impacts * Conservation management and restoration

The Biology of Peatlands

Author : Hakan Rydin
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 368 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis The Biology of Peatlands by : Hakan Rydin

Download or read book The Biology of Peatlands written by Hakan Rydin and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2006-06-08 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is a growing awareness that peatlands are a key component of the global carbon cycle due to their role as an important carbon sink. However, many ecologists and conservation biologists lack a general understanding of peatlands despite the fact that they are also often repositories for rare species and, in many regions, represent the last remnants of natural vegetation. This book provides a concise but comprehensive introduction to peatland ecology.

Towards Climate-responsible Peatlands Management

Author : Riccardo Biancalani
Publisher : Mitigation of Climate Change i
ISBN 13 : 9789251085462
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (854 download)

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Book Synopsis Towards Climate-responsible Peatlands Management by : Riccardo Biancalani

Download or read book Towards Climate-responsible Peatlands Management written by Riccardo Biancalani and published by Mitigation of Climate Change i. This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of this guidebook is to support the reduction of GHG emissions from managed peatlands and present guidance for responsible management practices that can maintain peatlands ecosystem services while sustaining and improving local livelihoods. This guidebook also provides an overview of the present knowledge on peatlands, including their geographic distribution, ecological characteristics and socio-economic importance.

The Structure and Function of Peatlands in the Hudson Bay Lowland

Author : Lorna Harris
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (13 download)

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Book Synopsis The Structure and Function of Peatlands in the Hudson Bay Lowland by : Lorna Harris

Download or read book The Structure and Function of Peatlands in the Hudson Bay Lowland written by Lorna Harris and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The peatlands of the Hudson Bay Lowland (HBL) are the world's second largest expanse of northern peatland and are globally important carbon (C) stores. Within the bogs and fens covering this extensive landscape, small-scale variations in surface elevation (microtopography - hummocks and hollows) form distinct spatial patterns accentuated by different vegetation cover related to water table depth. These spatial differences in peatland structure and biogeochemical function enable peatlands to occupy alternate dry and wet stable states, therefore increasing peatland resilience to environmental change. The objectives of this research were to examine mechanisms controlling peatland structure and function through analysis of field evidence from HBL peatlands. Relationships among vegetation, hydrology, and nutrients were examined for peatland microforms to test current hypotheses and conditions of peatland development models, and whether these models are applicable to HBL peatlands. My analysis shows the development of surface patterns of microforms within the HBL peatlands may be explained by small-scale structuring mechanisms that control peat accumulation at the microform scale, specifically, the peat accumulation and water ponding mechanisms. Vegetation type is an important control, with greater shrub cover on hummocks associated with larger production for hummocks than hollows. My results also suggest the occurrence of different spatial patterns depends on position within a peat landform, with these differences attributed to varying ecohydrological settings related to landscape-scale hydrology. In turn, the ecohydrological setting influences the strength and direction of feedback mechanisms controlling peat accumulation at the microform scale. Mat-forming lichens cover a large area of the surface of HBL peatlands (up to 50 % in places) and are an important control for peat accumulation and microform development. My results demonstrate that where there are thick lichen mats, local peat accumulation ceases through smaller productivity, faster lichen decay rates, and a loss of structural integrity in underlying peat. Lichens therefore represent a significant temporary limit to peat growth, likely constraining or reducing hummock height relative to adjacent hollows.The potential effects of hydrological change (drier conditions and lower water tables caused by gradual short-term drainage) on these relationships, and on peatland structure and function, were also assessed. My results reveal changes in vegetation and biogeochemical processes are dependent on microform. A significant loss of vegetation and associated biogeochemical changes in dry pools indicate a shift in ecosystem state. Minor changes for hummocks and intermediate microforms however, demonstrate the resilience of HBL peatlands to hydrological change that may be analogous to future climate change scenarios. This thesis contributes new knowledge on the current state of bogs and fens in the HBL for which there has been limited research, and provides insight into possible mechanisms controlling peatland structure and function. This understanding will be invaluable when considering the risks of climate change and increasing development for infrastructure and mining in these iconic peatlands. " --

Conserving Bogs

Author : Rob E. Stoneman
Publisher : Stationery Office Books (TSO)
ISBN 13 : 9780114958367
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (583 download)

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Book Synopsis Conserving Bogs by : Rob E. Stoneman

Download or read book Conserving Bogs written by Rob E. Stoneman and published by Stationery Office Books (TSO). This book was released on 1997 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bogs are fascinating landscapes for ecologists, climatologists, archaeologists, environmental historians and water managers. But many bogs have been damaged, and legislative protection - as 29 case studies demonstrate - is not enough to conserve the rest.

Thawing Permafrost

Author : J. van Huissteden
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030313794
Total Pages : 508 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (33 download)

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Book Synopsis Thawing Permafrost by : J. van Huissteden

Download or read book Thawing Permafrost written by J. van Huissteden and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-01-01 with total page 508 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a cross-disciplinary overview of permafrost and the carbon cycle by providing an introduction into the geographical distribution of permafrost, with a focus on the distribution of permafrost and its soil carbon reservoirs. The chapters explain the basic physical properties and processes of permafrost soils: ice, mineral and organic components, and how these interact with climate, vegetation and geomorphological processes. In particular, the book covers the role of the large quantities of ice in many permafrost soils which are crucial to understanding carbon cycle processes. An explanation is given on how permafrost becomes loaded with ice and carbon. Gas hydrates are also introduced. Structures and processes formed by the intense freeze-thaw action in the active layer are considered (e.g. ice wedging, cryoturbation), and the processes that occur as the permafrost thaws, (pond and lake formation, erosion). The book introduces soil carbon accumulation and decomposition mechanisms and how these are modified in a permafrost environment. A separate chapter deals with deep permafrost carbon, gas reservoirs and recently discovered methane emission phenomena from regions such as Northwest Siberia and the Siberian yedoma permafrost.

Evaluation of Soil Organic Matter Models

Author : David S. Powlson
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642610943
Total Pages : 424 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (426 download)

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Book Synopsis Evaluation of Soil Organic Matter Models by : David S. Powlson

Download or read book Evaluation of Soil Organic Matter Models written by David S. Powlson and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soil organic matter (SOM) represents a major pool of carbon within the biosphere, roughly twice than in atmospheric CO2. SOM models embody our best understanding of soil carbon dynamics and are needed to predict how global environmental change will influence soil carbon stocks. These models are also required for evaluating the likely effectiveness of different mitigation options. The first important step towards systematically evaluating the suitability of SOM models for these purposes is to test their simulations against real data. Since changes in SOM occur slowly, long-term datasets are required. This volume brings together leading SOM model developers and experimentalists to test SOM models using long-term datasets from diverse ecosystems, land uses and climatic zones within the temperate region.

Resistivity and Induced Polarization

Author : Andrew Binley
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1108492746
Total Pages : 409 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (84 download)

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Book Synopsis Resistivity and Induced Polarization by : Andrew Binley

Download or read book Resistivity and Induced Polarization written by Andrew Binley and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2020-12-17 with total page 409 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive text on resistivity and induced polarization covering theory and practice for the near-surface Earth supported by modelling software.

Overvoltage Research and Geophysical Applications

Author : James R. Wait
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 148315131X
Total Pages : 169 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (831 download)

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Book Synopsis Overvoltage Research and Geophysical Applications by : James R. Wait

Download or read book Overvoltage Research and Geophysical Applications written by James R. Wait and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 169 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Overvoltage Research and Geophysical Applications deals with the subject of overvoltage (or induced electrical polarization) as it relates to geophysical exploration. This book presents the results of theoretical and experimental research conducted between 1946 and 1958 to investigate overvoltage and sponsored by Newmont Mining Corporation. This book is comprised of 10 chapters and begins with a brief overview of the history of Newmont's interest in overvoltage. The next chapter describes a theory for induced polarization effects (for step-function excitation), with particular reference to a mathematical formulation that represents the volume distribution of dipolar sources. The reader is then introduced to a brief theoretical derivation for the effective conductivity and dielectric constant of a homogeneous medium loaded with a uniform distribution of spherical conducting particles. The following chapters explore the complex conductivity of rocks as a function of frequency; laboratory studies of induced polarization in mineralized and non-mineralized rock specimens; induced polarization decay curves on rock specimens; and phenomena resulting from electric polarization of rocks at low frequencies. Some electrical transient measurements on igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks are presented. The final chapter considers various explanations of the normal effect and describes induced-polarization experiments. This monograph will be of interest to geophysicists.

Ecology of Tidal Freshwater Forested Wetlands of the Southeastern United States

Author : William H. Conner
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 140205095X
Total Pages : 508 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis Ecology of Tidal Freshwater Forested Wetlands of the Southeastern United States by : William H. Conner

Download or read book Ecology of Tidal Freshwater Forested Wetlands of the Southeastern United States written by William H. Conner and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-06-24 with total page 508 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book draws together the latest findings on the hydrological processes, community organization, and stress physiology of freshwater, tidally influenced land-margin forests of the southeastern United States. It describes the land use history that led to the restricted distribution of these wetlands, and provides descriptions of the hydrology, soils, biogeochemistry, and physiological ecology of these systems, highlighting the similarities shared among tidal freshwater forested wetlands.