Religious Broadcasting In The Middle East

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Religious Broadcasting in the Middle East

Author : Khālid Ḥarūb
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780231702980
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (29 download)

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Book Synopsis Religious Broadcasting in the Middle East by : Khālid Ḥarūb

Download or read book Religious Broadcasting in the Middle East written by Khālid Ḥarūb and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Religious broadcasting in the Middle East has benefited tremendously from new transnational media networks and the widespread availability of satellite broadcasting technology. Dozens of Muslim, Christian, and Jewish religious channels are now on air, advocating different forms of religiosity and shaping public perceptions through dialogue and debate. Mainstream news channels, such as Al-Jazeera and Al-Arabiya, broadcast popular religious programming, in some cases filled with highly politicized content. Others feature more apolitical commentary and are concerned only with preaching God's word. The Middle East's highly-charged religious and political ferment has certainly been propitious for such broadcasters as they seek to convey their message. This has, in turn, reinforced the link between the dominant "religious atmosphere" and religious broadcasting. Monitoring the content-analysis of some of the region's most influential religious channels and programs, the contributors to this volume provide pioneering insights into the Middle East's burgeoning religious media market. They explore the themes, discourses, appearances, and "celebrities" of this rapidly expanding phenomenon and how its complex dynamics have transformed the region and the world.

The Handbook of Media and Culture in the Middle East

Author : Joe F. Khalil
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119637082
Total Pages : 580 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (196 download)

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Book Synopsis The Handbook of Media and Culture in the Middle East by : Joe F. Khalil

Download or read book The Handbook of Media and Culture in the Middle East written by Joe F. Khalil and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2023-06-08 with total page 580 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Handbook of Media and Culture in the Middle East The Handbook of Media and Culture in the Middle East is an invaluable resource for anyone seeking to understand the profound and complex changes shaping the 21st century. With trans-regional contributions from established and emerging scholars, this ground-breaking volume offers conceptual essays and in-depth chapters that present rich analyses grounded in historical and geopolitical contexts, as well as key theory and empirical research. Rather than viewing the Middle East as a monolithic culture, this Handbook examines the diverse and multi-local characteristics of the region’s knowledge production, dynamic media, and rich cultures. It addresses a wide range of topics, including the evolving mainstream and alternative media, competing histories in the region, and pressing socio-economic and media debates. Additionally, the Handbook explores the impact of regional and international politics on Middle Eastern cultures and media. Designed to serve as a foundation for the next era of research in the field, The Handbook of Media and Culture in the Middle East is essential reading for all academics, scholars, and media practitioners. Its comprehensive scope makes it an excellent primary or supplementary textbook for undergraduate or graduate courses in global studies, media and communication, journalism, anthropology, sociology, economics, political science, and history.

The Handbook of Religion and Communication

Author : Yoel Cohen
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119671558
Total Pages : 580 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (196 download)

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Book Synopsis The Handbook of Religion and Communication by : Yoel Cohen

Download or read book The Handbook of Religion and Communication written by Yoel Cohen and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2023-03-01 with total page 580 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides a contemporary view of the intertwined relationship of communication and religion The Handbook on Religion and Communication presents a detailed investigation of the complex interaction between media and religion, offering diverse perspectives on how both traditional and new media sources continue to impact religious belief and practice across multiple faiths around the globe. Contributions from leading international scholars address key themes such as the changing role of religious authority in the digital age, the role of media in cultural shifts away from religious institutions, and the ways modern technologies have transformed how religion is communicated and portrayed. Divided into five parts, the Handbook opens with a state-of-the-art overview of the subject’s intellectual landscape, introducing the historical background, theoretical foundations, and major academic approaches to communication, media, and religion. Subsequent sections focus on institutional and functional perspectives, theological and cultural approaches, and new approaches in digital technologies. The essays provide insight into a wide range of topics, including religious use of media, religious identity, audience gratification, religious broadcasting, religious content in entertainment, films and religion, news reporting about religion, race and gender, the sex-religion matrix, religious crisis communication, public relations and advertising, televangelism, pastoral ministry, death and the media, online religion, future directions in religious communication, and more. Explores the increasing role of media in creating religious identity and communicating religious experience Discusses the development and evolution of the communication practices of various religious bodies Covers all major media sources including radio, television, film, press, digital online content, and social media platforms Presents key empirical research, real-world case studies, and illustrative examples throughout Encompasses a variety of perspectives, including individual and institutional actors, academic and theoretical areas, and different forms of communication media Explores media and religion in Judeo-Christian traditions, Islam, Buddhism, Hinduism, religions of Africa, Atheism, and others The Handbook on Religion and Communication is an essential resource for scholars, academic researchers, practical theologians, seminarians, and undergraduate and graduate students taking courses on media and religion.

Opportunities and Limitations in Religious Broadcasting

Author : Peter Elvy
Publisher : CTPI (Edinburgh)
ISBN 13 : 1870126157
Total Pages : 180 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (71 download)

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Book Synopsis Opportunities and Limitations in Religious Broadcasting by : Peter Elvy

Download or read book Opportunities and Limitations in Religious Broadcasting written by Peter Elvy and published by CTPI (Edinburgh). This book was released on 1991 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Global and Local Televangelism

Author : P. Thomas
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 1137264810
Total Pages : 336 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (372 download)

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Book Synopsis Global and Local Televangelism by : P. Thomas

Download or read book Global and Local Televangelism written by P. Thomas and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-07-30 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An exploration of the many faces of televangelism in our world today, including Christian, Islamic and Hindu. The collection analyses the correspondences and major differences between global and local televangelism, focusing on the main individuals involved in televangelism, their practices and the social and cultural impact of their ministries.

Dare to Believe!

Author : Terence Ascott
Publisher : Wipf and Stock Publishers
ISBN 13 : 166670041X
Total Pages : 244 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (667 download)

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Book Synopsis Dare to Believe! by : Terence Ascott

Download or read book Dare to Believe! written by Terence Ascott and published by Wipf and Stock Publishers. This book was released on 2021-05-06 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dare to Believe! is the breathtaking story of someone who has followed Jesus' lead through civil wars and unrest, arrests and deportation, as he sought to effectively use media in support of the life, work, and witness of the church in the Middle East and North Africa. The book journeys from the publication of a Christian newsstand magazine for the Arab world to the birth of the region's first Christian satellite and online television services--attracting millions of viewers from all faith backgrounds and ages, unlike Christian television as we may have seen it in the West. Readers will discover and be encouraged by dynamic and courageous Christian communities in the Arab world, Iran, and Turkey--some of whom date the founding of their churches back to the first century--and how God provides for his children and his ministry, even through difficult times.

New Media and Religious Transformations in Africa

Author : Rosalind I. J. Hackett
Publisher : Indiana University Press
ISBN 13 : 0253015308
Total Pages : 333 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (53 download)

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Book Synopsis New Media and Religious Transformations in Africa by : Rosalind I. J. Hackett

Download or read book New Media and Religious Transformations in Africa written by Rosalind I. J. Hackett and published by Indiana University Press. This book was released on 2015-01-21 with total page 333 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New Media and Religious Transformations in Africa casts a critical look at Africa's rapidly evolving religious media scene. Following political liberalization, media deregulation, and the proliferation of new media technologies, many African religious leaders and activists have appropriated such media to strengthen and expand their communities and gain public recognition. Media have also been used to marginalize and restrict the activities of other groups, which has sometimes led to tension, conflict, and even violence. Showing how media are rarely neutral vehicles of expression, the contributors to this multidisciplinary volume analyze the mutual imbrications of media and religion during times of rapid technological and social change in various places throughout Africa.

From Pluralism to Extinction? Perspectives and Challenges for Christians in the Middle East

Author : Sotiris Roussos
Publisher : Transnational Press London
ISBN 13 : 1801352259
Total Pages : 209 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (13 download)

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Book Synopsis From Pluralism to Extinction? Perspectives and Challenges for Christians in the Middle East by : Sotiris Roussos

Download or read book From Pluralism to Extinction? Perspectives and Challenges for Christians in the Middle East written by Sotiris Roussos and published by Transnational Press London. This book was released on 2023-07-16 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Christian communities are deeply rooted in the Middle East, starting their witness since the first centuries of Christianity. The last hundred years of Middle East Christianity’s history went through a series of profound crises. Displacement by war, genocide and occupation leading to loss, emigration and exile seem to be the main experience of Christianity in the modern Middle East. Against this background of displacement, Christians have sought to resettle and build anew when allowed. They have been able to make significant cultural, political and economic contribution to Middle Eastern societies. In the last thirty years they are again facing ominous threat of extinction. Entering the new millennium, they are confronted with major difficulties and transformations in world politics. From 2011 Christians particularly in Syria and Iraq, have been suffering death and destruction in the hands of extremist Islamist groups. The volume is a fresh approach to the study of the Christian communities in the Middle East examining their relation to state, identity and politics. It questions main presuppositions and perceptions regarding Christianity in the Middle East, casts new light on the living Christian communities in the region and reflects on their future role. CONTENTS INTRODUCTION: THE “CANARY IN THE MINE” OR THE FATE OF CHRISTIANS IN THE MIDDLE EAST - Sotiris Roussos ARMENIAN COMMUNITIES IN THE MIDDLE EAST: LOSING THE PAST IN THE FUTURE? - Hratch Tchilingirian ONTOLOGICAL SECURITY THEORY: CHRISTIAN ‘EXISTENTIAL ANXIETY’ IN EGYPT AND LEBANON - Zakia Aqra, Stavros Drakoularakos & Charitini Petrodaskalaki MIDDLE EASTERN CHRISTIANITY IN SYRIA AND IRAQ: AT THE EPICENTRE OF THE RISE OF THE ISLAMIC STATE - Stavros Drakoularakos TURKISH POLICIES VIS-À-VIS CHRISTIANS: FROM EXCLUSION TO INCLUSION TO EXCLUSION AGAIN - Nikos Christofis THE GREEK/PALESTINIAN DIVIDE WITHIN THE JERUSALEM ORTHODOX CHURCH: THE INSTITUTIONAL ASPECT - Konstantinos Papastathis THE RUSSIAN ORTHODOX CHURCH AND THE STATE: THE MIDDLE EAST CONNECTION - Ilias Tasopoulos CHRISTIAN RIGHT AND US MIDDLE EAST POLICY: FOREIGN POLICY IN THE SERVICE OF GOD’S WILL - Marina Eleftheriadou CHRISTIANITY IN THE MODERN MIDDLE EAST: CURRENT SITUATION AND FUTURE CHALLENGES - Anthony O’Mahony

Broadcasting Change

Author : Joseph Braude
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN 13 : 1538101297
Total Pages : 242 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (381 download)

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Book Synopsis Broadcasting Change by : Joseph Braude

Download or read book Broadcasting Change written by Joseph Braude and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2017-11-30 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Amid civil war, failing states, and terrorism, Arab liberals are growing in numbers and influence. Advocating a culture of equity, tolerance, good governance, and the rule of law, they work through some of the region’s largest media outlets to spread their ideals within the culture. Broadcasting Change analyzes this trend by portraying the intersection of media and politics in two Arab countries with seismic impact on the region and beyond. In Saudi Arabia, where hardline clerics silenced their opponents for generations, liberals now dominate the airwaves. Their success in weakening clerics’ grip over the public space would not only help develop the country; it would ensure that the birthplace of the prophet Muhammad exports a constructive understanding of Islam. In Egypt, home to a brutal government crackdown on Islamists and a bloodsport of attacks on Coptic Christians, local liberals are acting with courage on the ground and over the airwaves. Through TV talk shows, drama, and comedy, they play off the government’s anti-Islamist agenda to more thoughtfully advocate religious reform. Author Joseph Braude, himself a voice in Arabic-language broadcasts and publications, calls for international assistance to the region’s liberals, particularly in the realm of media. Local civic actors and some reform-minded autocrats welcome a new partnership with media experts and democratic governments in North America, Europe, and the Far East. Broadcasting Change argues that support for liberal reform through Arabic media should be construed as an international “public good” — on par with military peacekeeping and philanthropy.

Routledge Handbook on Contemporary Egypt

Author : Robert Springborg
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 0429603193
Total Pages : 603 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (296 download)

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Book Synopsis Routledge Handbook on Contemporary Egypt by : Robert Springborg

Download or read book Routledge Handbook on Contemporary Egypt written by Robert Springborg and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-03-30 with total page 603 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Investigating key features of contemporary Egypt, this volume includes Egypt’s modern history, politics, economics, the legal system, environment, and its media and modes of cultural expression. It examines Egypt’s capacities to meet developmental challenges, ranging from responding to globalization and regional competition to generating sufficient economic growth and political inclusion to accommodate the interests and demands of a rapidly growing population. The macrohistory of Egypt is complemented by the microhistories of specific institutions and processes that constitute separate sections in this handbook. The chapters revolve around political economy: it is shaped by the people and their abilities, political and legal institutions, organization of the economy, natural and built environments, and culture and communication. Politics has been overwhelmingly authoritarian and coercive since the military seized power in 1952; consequently, the contributions address both the causes and consequences of unbalanced civil–military relations, military rule, and persisting authoritarianism in the political society. This multidisciplinary handbook serves a dual purpose of introducing readers to Egypt’s history and contemporary political economy and as a comprehensive key resource for postgraduate students and academics interested in modern Egypt.

Jimmy Carter, the Politics of Family, and the Rise of the Religious Right

Author : J. Brooks Flippen
Publisher : University of Georgia Press
ISBN 13 : 0820337706
Total Pages : 470 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (23 download)

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Book Synopsis Jimmy Carter, the Politics of Family, and the Rise of the Religious Right by : J. Brooks Flippen

Download or read book Jimmy Carter, the Politics of Family, and the Rise of the Religious Right written by J. Brooks Flippen and published by University of Georgia Press. This book was released on 2011 with total page 470 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As Jimmy Carter ascended to the presidency the heir apparent to Democratic liberalism, he touted his background as a born-again evangelical. Once in office, his faith indeed helped form policy on a number of controversial moral issues. By acknowledging certain behaviors as sinful while insisting that they were private matters beyond government interference, J. Brooks Flippen argues, Carter unintentionally alienated both social liberals and conservative Christians, thus ensuring that the debate over these moral “family issues” acquired a new prominence in public and political life. The Carter era, according to Flippen, stood at a fault line in American culture, religion, and politics. In the wake of the 1960s, some Americans worried that the traditional family faced a grave crisis. This newly politicized constituency viewed secular humanism in education, the recognition of reproductive rights established by Roe v. Wade, feminism, and the struggle for homosexual rights as evidence of cultural decay and as a challenge to religious orthodoxy. Social liberals viewed Carter's faith with skepticism and took issue with his seeming unwillingness to build on recent progressive victories. Ultimately, Flippen argues, conservative Christians emerged as the Religious Right and were adopted into the Republican fold. Examining Carter's struggle to placate competing interests against the backdrop of difficult foreign and domestic issues—a struggling economy, the stalled Strategic Arms Limitation Talks, disputes in the Middle East, handover of the Panama Canal, and the Iranian hostage crisis—Flippen shows how a political dynamic was formed that continues to this day.

The Changing World Religion Map

Author : Stanley D. Brunn
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 940179376X
Total Pages : 3858 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis The Changing World Religion Map by : Stanley D. Brunn

Download or read book The Changing World Religion Map written by Stanley D. Brunn and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-02-03 with total page 3858 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This extensive work explores the changing world of religions, faiths and practices. It discusses a broad range of issues and phenomena that are related to religion, including nature, ethics, secularization, gender and identity. Broadening the context, it studies the interrelation between religion and other fields, including education, business, economics and law. The book presents a vast array of examples to illustrate the changes that have taken place and have led to a new world map of religions. Beginning with an introduction of the concept of the “changing world religion map”, the book first focuses on nature, ethics and the environment. It examines humankind’s eternal search for the sacred, and discusses the emergence of “green” religion as a theme that cuts across many faiths. Next, the book turns to the theme of the pilgrimage, illustrated by many examples from all parts of the world. In its discussion of the interrelation between religion and education, it looks at the role of missionary movements. It explains the relationship between religion, business, economics and law by means of a discussion of legal and moral frameworks, and the financial and business issues of religious organizations. The next part of the book explores the many “new faces” that are part of the religious landscape and culture of the Global North (Europe, Russia, Australia and New Zealand, the U.S. and Canada) and the Global South (Latin America, Africa and Asia). It does so by looking at specific population movements, diasporas, and the impact of globalization. The volume next turns to secularization as both a phenomenon occurring in the Global religious North, and as an emerging and distinguishing feature in the metropolitan, cosmopolitan and gateway cities and regions in the Global South. The final part of the book explores the changing world of religion in regards to gender and identity issues, the political/religious nexus, and the new worlds associated with the virtual technologies and visual media.

British Christianity and the Second World War

Author : Michael Snape
Publisher : Boydell & Brewer
ISBN 13 : 1837650195
Total Pages : 243 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (376 download)

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Book Synopsis British Christianity and the Second World War by : Michael Snape

Download or read book British Christianity and the Second World War written by Michael Snape and published by Boydell & Brewer. This book was released on 2023-02-21 with total page 243 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examines the role of Christianity in British statecraft, politics, media, the armed forces and in the education and socialization of the young during the Second World War. This volume presents a major reappraisal of the role of Christianity in Great Britain between 1939 and 1945, examining the influence of Christianity on British society, statecraft, politics, the media, the armed forces, and on the education and socialization of the young. Its chapters address themes such as the spiritual mobilization of nation and empire; the limitations of Mass Observation's commentary on wartime religious life; Catholic responses to strategic bombing; servicemen and the dilemma of killing; the development of Christian-Jewish relations, and the predicament of British military chaplains in Germany in the summer of 1945. By demonstrating the enduring -even renewed- importance of Christianity in British national life, British Christianity and the Second World War also sets the scene for some major post-war developments. Though the war years triggered a 'resacralization' of British society and culture, inherent racism meant that the exalted self-image of Christian Britain proved sadly deceptive for post-war immigrants from the Caribbean. Wartime confidence in the prospective role of the state in religious education soon transpired to be ill-founded, while the profound upheavals of war -and even the bromides of 'BBC Religion'- were, in the longer term, corrosive of conventional religious practice and traditional denominational loyalties. This volume will be of interest to historians of British society and the Second World War, twentieth-century British religion, and the perennial interplay of religion and conflict.

History of International Broadcasting

Author : James Wood
Publisher : IET
ISBN 13 : 9780852969205
Total Pages : 304 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (692 download)

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Book Synopsis History of International Broadcasting by : James Wood

Download or read book History of International Broadcasting written by James Wood and published by IET. This book was released on 1992 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vol. 1 : The following topics are dealt with: radio instrument; foreign policy; information broadcasting; radio telephony; and wartime broadcasting.

Encyclopedia of Radio 3-Volume Set

Author : Christopher H. Sterling
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1135456488
Total Pages : 3166 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (354 download)

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Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Radio 3-Volume Set by : Christopher H. Sterling

Download or read book Encyclopedia of Radio 3-Volume Set written by Christopher H. Sterling and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2004-03-01 with total page 3166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Produced in association with the Museum of Broadcast Communications in Chicago, the Encyclopedia of Radio includes more than 600 entries covering major countries and regions of the world as well as specific programs and people, networks and organizations, regulation and policies, audience research, and radio's technology. This encyclopedic work will be the first broadly conceived reference source on a medium that is now nearly eighty years old, with essays that provide essential information on the subject as well as comment on the significance of the particular person, organization, or topic being examined.

The Caliph and the Imam

Author : Toby Matthiesen
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 019252920X
Total Pages : 961 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (925 download)

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Book Synopsis The Caliph and the Imam by : Toby Matthiesen

Download or read book The Caliph and the Imam written by Toby Matthiesen and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2023-02-07 with total page 961 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The authoritative account of the sectarian division that for centuries has shaped events in the Middle East and the Islamic world. In 632, soon after the prophet Muhammad died, a struggle broke out among his followers as to who would succeed him. The majority argued that the new leader of Islam should be elected by the community's elite. Others believed only members of Muhammad's family could lead. This dispute over who should guide Muslims, the appointed Caliph or the bloodline Imam, marks the origin of the Sunni-Shii split in Islam. Toby Matthiesen explores this hugely significant division from its origins to the present day. Moving chronologically, his book sheds light on the many ways that it has shaped the Islamic world, outlining how over the centuries Sunnism and Shiism became Islams two main branches, particularly after the Muslim Empires embraced sectarian identity. It reveals how colonial rule institutionalised divisions between Sunnism and Shiism both on the Indian subcontinent and in the greater Middle East, giving rise to pan-Islamic resistance and Sunni and Shii revivalism. It then focuses on the fall-out from the 1979 revolution in Iran and the US-led military intervention in Iraq. As Matthiesen shows, however, though Sunnism and Shiism have had a long and antagonistic history, most Muslims have led lives characterised by confessional ambiguity and peaceful co-existence. Tensions arise when sectarian identity becomes linked to politics. Based on a synthesis of decades of scholarship in numerous languages, The Caliph and the Imam will become the standard text for readers looking for a deeper understanding of contemporary sectarian conflict and its historical roots.

The Oxford Handbook of Religion and Violence

Author : Mark Juergensmeyer
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190270098
Total Pages : 670 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (92 download)

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Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of Religion and Violence by : Mark Juergensmeyer

Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Religion and Violence written by Mark Juergensmeyer and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2015-11 with total page 670 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Violence has always played a part in the religious imagination, from symbols and myths to legendary battles, from colossal wars to the theater of terrorism. The Oxford Handbook of Religion and Violence surveys intersections between religion and violence throughout history and around the world. The forty original essays in this volume include overviews of major religious traditions, showing how violence is justified within the literary and theological foundations of the tradition, how it is used symbolically and in ritual practice, and how social acts of violence and warfare have been justified by religious ideas. The essays also examine patterns and themes relating to religious violence, such as sacrifice and martyrdom, which are explored in cross-disciplinary or regional analyses; and offer major analytic approaches, from literary to social scientific studies. The contributors to this volume--innovative thinkers who are forging new directions in theory and analysis related to religion and violence--provide novel insights into this important field of studies. By mapping out the whole field of religion and violence, The Oxford Handbook of Religion and Violence will prove an authoritative source for students and scholars for years to come.