Read Books Online and Download eBooks, EPub, PDF, Mobi, Kindle, Text Full Free.
Relation Of Weight Loss Food Intake And Locus Of Control By Obese And Normal Weight Women To Degree Of Liking For Fat Sucrose And Sodium Chloride
Download Relation Of Weight Loss Food Intake And Locus Of Control By Obese And Normal Weight Women To Degree Of Liking For Fat Sucrose And Sodium Chloride full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Relation Of Weight Loss Food Intake And Locus Of Control By Obese And Normal Weight Women To Degree Of Liking For Fat Sucrose And Sodium Chloride ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!
Book Synopsis Relation of Weight Loss, Food Intake, and Locus of Control by Obese and Normal-weight Women to Degree of Liking for Fat, Sucrose, and Sodium Chloride by : Andrea Leslie Kaye
Download or read book Relation of Weight Loss, Food Intake, and Locus of Control by Obese and Normal-weight Women to Degree of Liking for Fat, Sucrose, and Sodium Chloride written by Andrea Leslie Kaye and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Commencement Ceremony by : University of California, Davis. Graduate Division
Download or read book Commencement Ceremony written by University of California, Davis. Graduate Division and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Diet and Health by : National Research Council
Download or read book Diet and Health written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1989-01-01 with total page 765 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Diet and Health examines the many complex issues concerning diet and its role in increasing or decreasing the risk of chronic disease. It proposes dietary recommendations for reducing the risk of the major diseases and causes of death today: atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (including heart attack and stroke), cancer, high blood pressure, obesity, osteoporosis, diabetes mellitus, liver disease, and dental caries.
Author :Expert Panel on the Identification, Evaluation, and Treatment of Overweight and Obesity in Adults (U.S.) Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :306 pages Book Rating :4.:/5 (319 download)
Book Synopsis Clinical Guidelines on the Identification, Evaluation, and Treatment of Overweight and Obesity in Adults by : Expert Panel on the Identification, Evaluation, and Treatment of Overweight and Obesity in Adults (U.S.)
Download or read book Clinical Guidelines on the Identification, Evaluation, and Treatment of Overweight and Obesity in Adults written by Expert Panel on the Identification, Evaluation, and Treatment of Overweight and Obesity in Adults (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Of evidence-based recommendations -- Introduction -- Overweight and obesity: background -- Examination of randomized controlled trial evidence -- Treatment guidelines -- Summary of recommendations -- Future research.
Book Synopsis Freedom from Obesity and Sugar Addiction by : Martha L. Pekarek
Download or read book Freedom from Obesity and Sugar Addiction written by Martha L. Pekarek and published by Wheatmark, Inc.. This book was released on 2006-11 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: After more than forty years of dieting, author Martha Pekarek solved her obesity problems by ending her sugar addiction and losing the final seventy pounds! Martha Pekarek has a lifetime interest in holistic health and nutrition and holds a BA in Biology from Hayward State University in California. She uses easy-to-understand language to explain the obesity dilemma and offers simple solutions to help you conquer your sugar addiction and lose the excess fat. You cannot read this book without asking yourself if you're willing to take charge of your destiny and take a final, radical step toward total freedom from sugar addiction. If you are a sugar addict, this book is written for you. You can literally change your body chemistry, end your sugar cravings, and burn fat by developing healthy habits.
Book Synopsis Predicting Successful Weight Loss Maintenance with the Health Locus of Control and Other Behavioral Modification Factors by : Kimberley Ann McMahon
Download or read book Predicting Successful Weight Loss Maintenance with the Health Locus of Control and Other Behavioral Modification Factors written by Kimberley Ann McMahon and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this study was to determine if health locus of control (LOC) is a reliable indicator of weight Joss maintenance. It was hypothesized that a high internal locus of control (ILOC) is a reliable indicator for weight loss maintenance in individuals, while external locus of control (ELOC) contributes to weight re-gain after weight loss. The study involved 203 adults who completed a seven section questionnaire. Subjects were separated into groups based on their sub-category of locus of control, as well as their degree within the sub-category (high, moderate, or low in either internal (ILOC), external (ELOC), or fate, luck of chance locus of control(CLOC). Statistical analysis (cross tabulations and frequency tables) were used to help describe the study population. Overall, the success of weight Joss maintenance in this study population was above average. A review of the findings in this study include the following: 1) Study participants described their weight accurately with the national standard. 2) Subjects with a strong ILOC had a lower Body Mass Index (BMI) than subjects with a strong CLOC. 3) There was no difference identified among locus of control and the type of diet that subjects were likely to choose. 4) Participants who followed a diet which was either developed by a Registered Dietitian (individual counseling or group classes), or learned in a class setting not taught by a Registered Dietitian (such as American Heart Association, etc.) achieved 100% weight loss maintenance. 5) Subjects with either a high ILOC, moderate ELOC, or CLOC, had higher percent weight loss maintenance. 6) The second attempt at any particular diet had lower percent weight loss maintenance than when the diet was tried for the first time. 7) Subjects who scored higher in either internal or external LOC achieved a higher percent of weight loss maintenance than when the same type of diet is followed by someone with a lesser LOC score. 8) Subjects with strong ILOC maintained a higher percent weight loss than subjects with a moderate internal LOC. 9) Subjects with moderate ELOC maintained more weight loss than those with a low ELOC. 10) Subjects with low CLOC maintained more weight loss than those with a moderate CLOC.
Book Synopsis Cumulative Subject Index to Psychological Abstracts by :
Download or read book Cumulative Subject Index to Psychological Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 758 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Influence of Diet and Gastric Bypass on Behaviorally Assessed Taste Function in a Rodent Model by : Kellie M. Hyde
Download or read book The Influence of Diet and Gastric Bypass on Behaviorally Assessed Taste Function in a Rodent Model written by Kellie M. Hyde and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Obesity is a pervasive public health concern that is associated with several comorbidities like Type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (Abdelaal, le Roux, & Docherty, 2017; Fruh, 2017; Pi-Sunyer, 2009; Williams, Mesidor, Winters, Dubbert, & Wyatt, 2015). Diet, specifically high intake of calorically dense high-fat or high-sugar foods, significantly impacts the likelihood of developing obesity (Blundell & Cooling, 2000; Williams et al., 2015) and a factor which uncontestably influences diet is taste. Taste signals are channeled into circuits that a) provide information about the sensory features of a food stimulus (sensory-discriminative), b) drive or discourage intake (ingestive motivation), and c) trigger physiological reflexes (cephalic phase responses), all of which influence our dietary choices (Epstein, Carr, Lin, & Fletcher, 2011; Kershaw & Mattes, 2018; Kourouniotis et al., 2016; Negri et al., 2012; A. C. Spector, 2000). Nevertheless, the relationship between obesity and taste has not been fully elucidated. One of the most fundamental processes of any sensory system, including taste, is the detection of the stimulus. Research on the impact of obesity on taste detection in humans is largely inconsistent with some studies finding higher (Kindleysides et al., 2017; Overberg, Hummel, Krude, & Wiegand, 2012; Park et al., 2015; Tucker, Edlinger, Craig, & Mattes, 2014), some lower (Hardikar, Höchenberger, Villringer, & Ohla, 2017; Pasquet, Frelut, Simmen, Hladik, & Monneuse, 2007), and others no differences (Asano et al., 2016; Costanzo, Orellana, Nowson, Duesing, & Keast, 2017; Heinze et al., 2018; Monneuse et al., 2008; Tucker, Nuessle, Garneau, Smutzer, & Mattes, 2015) in sensory thresholds of obese versus lean patients to various taste stimuli. Moreover, taste detection thresholds in a rodent model of obesity for which factors like diet exposure, stimulus experience, and long-term test conditions can be controlled have yet to be examined. Historically, the assessment of a sensory system at the limens of sensitivity, coupled with experimental manipulations, has been exceptionally effective in discerning the contribution of sites along the gustatory neural axis to taste function, especially in animal models (Bales, Schier, Blonde, & Spector, 2015; Blonde, Bales, & Spector, 2015; Laugerette et al., 2005; Sun, Yan, Sun, Song, & Yan, 2017). While there are few nonsurgical treatment options for morbid obesity, bariatric surgery, such as Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), reliably induces substantial weight loss that is maintained long-term via a complex of physiological and behavioral postoperative mechanisms (Lutz & Bueter, 2014; Pournaras & le Roux, 2009; L. Sjöström, 2013). Decreases in appetite accompanied by increased satiation, altered concentrations of postprandial gut hormones, and progressive changes in diet choice and preference are among the postsurgical outcomes hypothesized to promote the long-term success of this surgery (le Roux & Bueter, 2014; Lutz & Bueter, 2014; Miras & Le Roux, 2010; L. Sjöström, 2013; Lars Sjöström et al., 2004; Zoon et al., 2018). Research on the changes in intake and choice induced by RYGB has focused primarily on processes related to motivation, reward, and post-ingestive consequences, while very few studies have examined the impact of this surgery and of diet on post-surgical taste sensitivity. Of the few studies that have measured taste sensitivity in humans (M. Bueter et al., 2011; Burge, Schaumburg, Choban, DiSilvestro, & Flancbaum, 1995; El Labban, Safadi, & Olabi, 2016; Holinski, Menenakos, Haber, Olze, & Ordemann, 2015; Scruggs, Buffington, & Cowan, 1994), there is little agreement. Much of this inconsistency may be due to methodological differences across studies and limited control over environmental factors that are endemic in human-subjects research and can be influential on these outcomes (M. B. Livingstone, 1995; Schoeller, 1995). Thus, whether RYGB has effects on sensory-discriminative taste function remains an open issue. Chapter 2 focuses on the influence of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery on ingestive motivation domain of taste function. Licking response to, caloric intake of, and preference (vs. water) for sucrose and glucose solutions were measured in female rats with and without RYGB. The rats did not display differences in concentration-dependent licking to sucrose or glucose when these stimuli were presented in brief access (10 s) trials. This effect was maintained even after significant home-cage stimulus experience, and after a marked decrease in fluid and caloric intake and preference for high concentrations to these sugars. These data suggest that reported changes in post-surgical diet preferences may not be attributable to a change in motivational potency of the taste of sugars in female rats. In Chapter 3, tastes sensitivity was assessed again to determine the influence of RYGB on detection thresholds in female rats maintained on 3 diet conditions. Again, there was no effect of RYGB on threshold concentration for NaCl or sucrose when rats are maintained on chow diet, but RYGB was associated with a decrease in NaCl threshold in rats maintained on a high-fat diet. These data support that RYGB does not influence sensory-discriminative taste function but may interact with diet to influence changes in some taste sensitivity. Further, these data compliment the results found in Chapter 2 and together, suggest that taste function may not be a primary factor in reported changes in diet choice or preference following RYGB. Finally, because the vast majority of RYGB patients are women (H. Buchwald, Buchwald, & McGlennon, 2014; Henry Buchwald et al., 2004; Kizy et al., 2017), but the bariatric rodent model literature is largely based on male animals, our surgical experiments were conducted on female rats. Male rats were also included in the experiments conducted in Chapter 3 to determine the effects of fat exposure on taste detection and microstructural patterns of licking. Here, there was no diet-specific differences in taste thresholds for NaCl or sucrose; however, males maintained on high-fat diet expressed attenuated licking responses that traditionally reflect stimulus palatability. These experiments are the first to directly assess sensory-discriminative taste function in these diet and surgical contexts. Collectively, these data reveal that reported RYGB-induced changes in food preference and related ingestive behaviors do not rely heavily on taste sensitivity as surgery alone does not inherently drive changes in the sensory-discriminative domain of taste function. Additionally, fat content of a diet does not interact with detection thresholds in male rats but does have some influence on hedonic responding to palatable stimuli, suggesting a potential association between diet and reward processing or facets of the motivational domain of gustatory function.
Book Synopsis Why Diets Fail (Because You're Addicted to Sugar) by : Nicole M. Avena, PhD
Download or read book Why Diets Fail (Because You're Addicted to Sugar) written by Nicole M. Avena, PhD and published by Ten Speed Press. This book was released on 2013-12-31 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This revolutionary eating plan reveals definitive proof that sugar is addictive, and presents the first science-based program to cut out the sugar, stop the cravings that cause most diets to eventually fail, and lose weight--permanently. If you’re like most people, you’ve tried a few (or maybe many) different diets without success. The truth is, most diets work for a while, but there’s usually a point at which the dietary restrictions become too difficult to maintain. Why? Because whether you’re following a low-carb, paleo, gluten-free, or even an all-liquid green juice diet, the addictive nature of sugar causes cravings to take over and sabotage your diet-of-the-moment. In Why Diets Fail, Dr. Nicole M. Avena and John R. Talbott reveal definitive proof that sugar is addictive and present the first science-based program to stop the cravings and lose weight—permanently. A neuroscientist and food addiction expert, Dr. Avena has conducted groundbreaking research showing that sugar triggers the same responses in the brain as addictive drugs like cocaine, nicotine, and alcohol. And like those other substances, the more sugar you eat, the more you need to get the same pleasurable feelings. (No wonder your last diet didn’t stick.) Avena and Talbott’s eight-step plan walks you through the process of going sugar-free and surviving the make-or-break withdrawal period—those first few weeks when your body feels the absence of its favorite sweetener most acutely. An easy-to-use Sugar Equivalency Table developed by Talbott lists the amount of sugar in hundreds of common foods so you know precisely what to eat and what to avoid. And when it comes to what you can eat, you have a lot to choose from. In fact, you’ll probably eat more on this diet than you normally do—while continuing to lose weight. This science-based program is the diet to end all diets. It will help you break the yo-yo dieting cycle, end those maddening sugar cravings, and develop a new longing for the good food that will keep you fit, healthy, and happy.
Book Synopsis Strategies to Reduce Sodium Intake in the United States by : Institute of Medicine
Download or read book Strategies to Reduce Sodium Intake in the United States written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2010-11-14 with total page 506 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reducing the intake of sodium is an important public health goal for Americans. Since the 1970s, an array of public health interventions and national dietary guidelines has sought to reduce sodium intake. However, the U.S. population still consumes more sodium than is recommended, placing individuals at risk for diseases related to elevated blood pressure. Strategies to Reduce Sodium Intake in the United States evaluates and makes recommendations about strategies that could be implemented to reduce dietary sodium intake to levels recommended by the Dietary Guidelines for Americans. The book reviews past and ongoing efforts to reduce the sodium content of the food supply and to motivate consumers to change behavior. Based on past lessons learned, the book makes recommendations for future initiatives. It is an excellent resource for federal and state public health officials, the processed food and food service industries, health care professionals, consumer advocacy groups, and academic researchers.
Book Synopsis Sugar Watchers by : Valerie Robitaille
Download or read book Sugar Watchers written by Valerie Robitaille and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2017-02 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Sugar Watchers Weight Loss Nutrition Course focuses on eliminating cravings, and the relationship between the food we eat, our hormone levels (particularly cortisol and insulin), and weight loss. Realize for yourself that nothing tastes as good as being thin feels, especially when we're losing weight without the killer cravings! Balanced blood sugar and insulin levels contribute tremendously to weight-loss, and provide the solution to battling with 'dieting.' In this course, the solution to food cravings that spin out of control is taught. Cravings contribute big-time to weight problems, which tend to become life problems. Spend a little more time and energy watching sugar, and it will no longer be necessary to spend so much fighting to keep the weight off. When you purchase the course you will be invited to be a member of a secret Facebook group created for the sole purpose of providing the support we need when making lifestyle changes. Support is another BIG factor for weight loss success. Facebook offers the opportunity to create an environment where you will get answers to your questions, download recipes and share, hear success stories and tell your own! People who identify and share with others are well equipped to succeed on this journey. Or, if you feel you don't need support right away, you can join the Facebook page at any time. Course Addresses: - Stress (cortisol) and excess weight - The insulin resonse and problems with weight loss - Food cravings and what to do about them (eliminate them) - Conscious living and changing our mindset about food - Hormone balancing, particularly increased insulin and cortisol, the fat-storing hormones - The need for support (Secret Facebook Group) - All nutritional needs 118 full color pages, includes: - Over 100 meal plans and recipes - Extensive food lists and charts - Supplement explanations and recommendations - Carb Addict Questionnaire (to determine levels of sensitivity to sugars) - Portion sizes and meal frequency - Detailed info about the fat-storing hormones - 30-day membership to Secret Facebook Group for daily motivation and support. After first 30 days, $20 per month (Supplements not included) MONEY BACK GUARANTEE If after working at the program for 30 days (writing and posting daily meal plans, using suggested supplementation and asking for help/support from the group when you need it), I will refund your money if you're unhappy with your results. I know this is risky on my part but I also know this is a powerful course! Excerpt from the course: 1) The Insulin Response "A diet that is 70% carbohydrates will lead to food cravings and weight gain." My goal here is to provide you with a basic enough understanding of the insulin response, and why and how it keeps most individuals weighing more than they want to. The above is particularly true for women over 40. Once I tell you what I know you may then realize the reason you've not been successful at easy and lasting weight loss. I was 42 when I learned the principles I'm going to share with you. I was studying for my master's in Nutrition and had my last fad diet. I battled weight issues all my life. I was bulimic (never anorexic), vegetarian, vegan, went on Atkin's, Pritikin's (and all the other kins). I joined gyms and churches, drank weird things and ate like a rabbit. I tried it all and felt defeated - until I learned about the insulin response which begins with: How carbohydrates are digested into sugar, increase insulin and are converted to fats For the purpose of simplicity, we are going to consider the actions of insulin as though it is the only hormone in your body telling your cells what to do. But remember - insulin, like all hormones, does not act alone; all the hormones of the body are connected, and they are helping each other regulate all the same biochemical reactions simultaneously. This is the reason we hear so much about the delicate balance
Book Synopsis The PROP Bitter Taste Phenotype Associates with Weight Loss and Changes in Liking for Sweet and Savory-fat Foods in Women in a Lifestyle Intervention by : Brenda Burgess
Download or read book The PROP Bitter Taste Phenotype Associates with Weight Loss and Changes in Liking for Sweet and Savory-fat Foods in Women in a Lifestyle Intervention written by Brenda Burgess and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 115 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Behavioral weight loss interventions are effective at achieving clinically significant weight loss, though weight regain is common because dietary adherence is problematic. Studies report that taste is the primary determinant of food intake, so accounting for individual variability in taste preferences may improve adherence to a weight loss regimen. Genetically mediated sensitivity to the bitter compound, 6-n-propylthiouracil (PROP) associates with differences in perception and preference for basic tastes and oral textures, most notably fat. Previous research from our laboratory has revealed that PROP non-taster (NT) women exhibit higher preferences for, and daily intake of, fat when compared to PROP super-taster (ST) women, suggesting that a single dietary approach may not be appropriate for everyone attempting to lose weight. In our study, we randomized PROP ST and NT women with obesity to a low-fat (LF) or low-carbohydrate (LC) diet within a 6-month behavioral weight loss intervention to assess whether prescribing a diet complementary to their taste preferences would improve dietary adherence to promote greater weight loss. As an ancillary study, we investigated whether changes in taste perception and liking for sweet and fatty foods would occur concomitantly with weight loss throughout the intervention. For the main study, results showed that PROP NT women randomized to the LC diet lost more weight than NT women randomized to the LF diet ( -8.5 ± 0.5 kg vs.-6.6 ± 0.5 kg, P = 0.008), and that weight loss was comparable for ST women randomized to either diet ( -8.9 ± 0.5 vs.-8.8 ± 0.4, P = 0.35). Dietary analyses indicated that energy and fat intake were consistent with the dietary prescriptions, though were not associated to weight loss. These findings suggest that pre-screening for PROP status may be an effective tool for improving weight loss outcomes in women, but further research is necessary to understand the dietary patterns of NT and ST women within a weight loss context. For the ancillary study, analyses detected a change in liking, but not perception, for sweet and fatty foods. By 6 months, liking increased for tasted foods with less sugar and fat, irrespective of diet. These findings show that gradual weight loss is capable of modifying taste preferences, which could serve to influence food selection patterns and be implicated in weight loss maintenance.
Download or read book Salt Sugar Fat written by Michael Moss and published by Signal. This book was released on 2013-02-26 with total page 461 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From a Pulitzer Prize-winning investigative reporter at The New York Times comes the troubling story of the rise of the processed food industry -- and how it used salt, sugar, and fat to addict us. Salt Sugar Fat is a journey into the highly secretive world of the processed food giants, and the story of how they have deployed these three essential ingredients, over the past five decades, to dominate the North American diet. This is an eye-opening book that demonstrates how the makers of these foods have chosen, time and again, to double down on their efforts to increase consumption and profits, gambling that consumers and regulators would never figure them out. With meticulous original reporting, access to confidential files and memos, and numerous sources from deep inside the industry, it shows how these companies have pushed ahead, despite their own misgivings (never aired publicly). Salt Sugar Fat is the story of how we got here, and it will hold the food giants accountable for the social costs that keep climbing even as some of the industry's own say, "Enough already."
Download or read book The FASEB Journal written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 952 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Fat Detection by : Jean-Pierre Montmayeur
Download or read book Fat Detection written by Jean-Pierre Montmayeur and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2009-09-14 with total page 646 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents the State-of-the-Art in Fat Taste TransductionA bite of cheese, a few potato chips, a delectable piece of bacon - a small taste of high-fat foods often draws you back for more. But why are fatty foods so appealing? Why do we crave them? Fat Detection: Taste, Texture, and Post Ingestive Effects covers the many factors responsible for the se
Book Synopsis International Bibliography of Eating Disorders, 1977-1986 by :
Download or read book International Bibliography of Eating Disorders, 1977-1986 written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: A bibliography for clinical dietitians, food and nutrition researchers and other health professionals provides 2543 technical references covering eating disorders, grouped among 33 categories. The categories range from behavioral biology, body organ and system biology, genetics, and immunology, to metabolism, neoplasia, pharmacology, psychiatry, public health, and toxicology. Each entry includes the title of the publication, its authors, literature citation, and keywords. Author and extensive keyword indices are appended.
Book Synopsis Energy Balance and Obesity by : Isabelle Romieu
Download or read book Energy Balance and Obesity written by Isabelle Romieu and published by IARC Working Group Report. This book was released on 2018-01-12 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding the relationship between energy balance and obesity is essential to develop effective prevention programs and policies. The International Agency for Research on Cancer convened a Working Group of world-leading experts in December 2015 to review the evidence regarding energy balance and obesity, with a focus on low- and middle-income countries, and to consider the following scientific questions: (i) Are the drivers of the obesity epidemic related only to energy excess and/or do specific foods or nutrients play a major role in this epidemic? (ii) What are the factors that modulate these associations? (iii) Which types of data and/or studies will further improve our understanding? This book provides summaries of the evidence from the literature as well as the Working Group's conclusions and recommendations to tackle the global epidemic of obesity.
