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Relation Of Initial Spacing And Relative Stand Density Indices To Stand Characteristics In A Douglas Fir Plantation Spacing Trial
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Book Synopsis Relation of Initial Spacing and Relative Stand Density Indices to Stand Characteristics in a Douglas-fir Plantation Spacing Trial by : Robert O. Curtis
Download or read book Relation of Initial Spacing and Relative Stand Density Indices to Stand Characteristics in a Douglas-fir Plantation Spacing Trial written by Robert O. Curtis and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Relation of Initial Spacing and Relative Stand Density Indices to Stand Characteristics in a Douglas-fir Plantation Spacing Trial by : Robert O. Curtis
Download or read book Relation of Initial Spacing and Relative Stand Density Indices to Stand Characteristics in a Douglas-fir Plantation Spacing Trial written by Robert O. Curtis and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 27 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Relation of Initial Spacing and Relative Stand Density Indices to Stand Characteristics in a Douglas-fir Plantation Spacing Trial by : Robert O. Curtis
Download or read book Relation of Initial Spacing and Relative Stand Density Indices to Stand Characteristics in a Douglas-fir Plantation Spacing Trial written by Robert O. Curtis and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Fifty-year Development of Douglas-fir Stands Planted at Various Spacings by : Donald L. Reukema
Download or read book Fifty-year Development of Douglas-fir Stands Planted at Various Spacings written by Donald L. Reukema and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Long-Term Monitoring and Research in Asian University Forests by : Toshiaki Owari
Download or read book Long-Term Monitoring and Research in Asian University Forests written by Toshiaki Owari and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2022-06-09 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book disseminates various long-term data and research results from university forests in Asia towards realizing adaptive forest management and conservation based on a comprehensive understanding of environmental changes and ecological responses. University forests - which refer to large, forested areas owned or controlled by universities and devoted primarily to research and teaching programs in forest-related sciences - have collected, managed and analyzed long-term meteorological, hydrological, biological and geographic data under an organizationally stable observation system. With the influence of global warming becoming apparent and extreme weather events occurring more frequently in the region, it is an important and urgent challenge to understand long-term environmental and ecosystem changes in forests and provide robust scientific knowledge on how ecosystems respond to those changes. This book is a step towards addressing the challenge. The chapters in this book were originally published as a special issue of the Journal of Forest Research.
Book Synopsis Annotated Bibliography on Initial Tree Spacing by : F. Evert
Download or read book Annotated Bibliography on Initial Tree Spacing written by F. Evert and published by ottawa : forest management institute. This book was released on 1973 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Growth and Spacing in an Even-aged Stand of Douglas-fir by : George R. Staebler
Download or read book Growth and Spacing in an Even-aged Stand of Douglas-fir written by George R. Staebler and published by . This book was released on 1951 with total page 61 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Response of Uneven-aged Douglas-fir to Alternative Spacing Regimes by : Peter Lawrence Marshall
Download or read book Response of Uneven-aged Douglas-fir to Alternative Spacing Regimes written by Peter Lawrence Marshall and published by Canadian Forest Service. This book was released on 1996 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objectives of this report were to describe the treatments applied in a Douglas-fir spacing study carried out on the Alex Fraser Research Forest of the University of British Columbia; and, to access the initial effect of these treatments on the residual stand structures.
Book Synopsis Physical and chemical properties of some Blue Mountain soils in the northeastern Oregon by : J. Michael Geist
Download or read book Physical and chemical properties of some Blue Mountain soils in the northeastern Oregon written by J. Michael Geist and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 704 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Three Growth and Soil Relations at the 1925 Wind River Spacing Test in Coast Douglas-Fir by : United States Department of Agriculture
Download or read book Three Growth and Soil Relations at the 1925 Wind River Spacing Test in Coast Douglas-Fir written by United States Department of Agriculture and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2015-06-26 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 1925 Wind River spacing test is the earliest field trial seeking to determine the most appropriate spacing for planting Douglas-fir. Spacing treatments were not replicated, although individual spacings were subsampled by two to four tree-measurement plots. Previously, greater growth occurred at the wider spacings (10 and 12 ft) than at the closer spacings (4, 5, 6, and 8 ft). We considered three possible explanations: (1) close spacing eventually retarded growth, (2) soil quality may be better in the 10- and 12-ft spacings than at closer spacings, and (3) tree spacing and soil quality combined affected growth. To test these explanations, we (1) measured and mapped several site factors (topographic relief, depth to bedrock, and soil properties) and (2) related these factors to tree and stand growth. We infer from the strong correlation between spacing and soil variables that the influence of soil and spacing cannot be separated; differences in soil depth and available water capacity confound spacing effects and vice versa. Because soils in the wider spacings are generally deeper and have more available water capacity than do soils in the closer spacings, we conclude that some of the superior tree growth attained in the 10- and 12-ft spacings is due to more favorable soil conditions. Visual comparisons of tree size, however, suggest that spacing is probably the stronger factor affecting tree growth at this location.
Book Synopsis Tree Growth and Soil Relations at the 1925 Wind River Spacing Test in Coast Douglas-fir by : Richard E. Miller
Download or read book Tree Growth and Soil Relations at the 1925 Wind River Spacing Test in Coast Douglas-fir written by Richard E. Miller and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 1925 Wind River spacing test is the earliest field trial seeking to determine the most appropriate spacing for planting Douglas-fir. Spacing treatments were not replicated, although individual spacings were subsampled by two to four tree-measurement plots. Previously, greater growth occurred at the wider spacings (10 and 12 ft) than at the closer spacings (4, 5, 6, and 8 ft). We considered three possible explanations: (1) close spacing eventually retarded growth, (2) soil quality may be better in the 10- and 12-ft spacings than at closer spacings, and (3) tree spacing and soil quality combined affected growth. To test these explanations, we (1) measured and mapped several site factors (topographic relief, depth to bedrock, and soil properties) and (2) related these factors to tree and stand growth. We infer from the strong correlation between spacing and soil variables that the influence of soil and spacing cannot be separated; differences in soil depth and available water capacity confound spacing effects and vice versa. Because soils in the wider spacings are generally deeper and have more available water capacity than do soils in the closer spacings, we conclude that some of the superior tree growth attained in the 10-and 12-ft spacings is due to more favorable soil conditions. Visual comparisons of tree size, however, suggest that spacing is probably the stronger factor affecting tree growth at this location.
Book Synopsis Influence of Spacing, Stocking, and Stand Density on Radial Growth and Percentage Latewood of Douglas-fir, Western Hemlock, Western Redcedar, and Lodgepole Pine by : J. Harry G. Smith
Download or read book Influence of Spacing, Stocking, and Stand Density on Radial Growth and Percentage Latewood of Douglas-fir, Western Hemlock, Western Redcedar, and Lodgepole Pine written by J. Harry G. Smith and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Investigations Into the Limits of Stand Density by : Robert Clark Parker
Download or read book Investigations Into the Limits of Stand Density written by Robert Clark Parker and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ratio-type regression models involving functions of current atand conditions vere developed to describe the trend of stand-density index and relative tree spacing toward their asymptotic limiting densities. Nonlinear regression procedures were used to estimate the model parameters from repeated measurement data in unthinned natural, stands of Pinus taeda L. (Coastal Plain and Piedmont) and Pinus elliottii Engelm., and in unthinned planted stands of Pinus elliottii engelm. and Pinus radiata D. Don (New Zealand). Stand-density index (SDI) is a function of number of trees per acre and quadratic mean diameter that has, until now, been dependent upon a previously determined parameter estimate beta from fully stocked stands. A variation of the (SDI/SDImax) ratio function was developed to permit the simultaneous estimation of the SDI parameter beta and the upper asymptotic limit (SDImax) from functions of current stand conditions. At maximum stand density conditions, the mortality rate equals beta times the average diameter increase. SDImax was not correlated with site index. With the SDI prediction equation, curves were produced for each data set depicting the attainment of the limiting density from various initial density levels. SDImax and the SDI stand development trends toward the density limit were validated with mortality and basal area projection equations developed for each species. Stand conditions associated with SDImax were described in terms of average diameter and basal area per acre for various numbers of trees per acre. The mortality relationship inherent in the SDI projection equation provided the basis for generating survival curves for various levels of initial density and comparing predicted survival with observed survival over the remeasurement intervals of each data set. Relative apacing, or the average distance between trees expressed as a percentage of dominant stand height (SPH), reached a lower asymptitic limit taht was correlated with site index in only the P.radiata stands. A ratio model of the form (SPH/SPHmin) was used to generate curves for each data set that depicted SPH trends towar the limiting desinty from various initial density levels. When SPHmin is attained, the percentage height increment rate equals one-half the percentage mortality rate. The SPH projetion equtions were validated with height (site index) and mortality projection functions for each data set. Upper limits of stocking for maximum density limit of SPHmin were defined interms of number of trees per acre by age and site index class. Survival curves were produced for each data set from the SPH and height projection equations and projected survival from the SPH-H procedure was compared to observed survival for the remeasurement data.
Book Synopsis Levels-of-growing-stock Cooperative Study in Douglas-fir by : Robert O. Curtis
Download or read book Levels-of-growing-stock Cooperative Study in Douglas-fir written by Robert O. Curtis and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report documents the history and results of the Iron Creek installation of the cooperative Levels-of-Growing-Stock (LOGS) study in Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco), over the period 1966-2006 (ages 19 to 59). This is a 1949 plantation on an excellent site, and is one of nine installations in the study. Results are generally consistent with those from other LOGS installations. Volume production of thinned stands increased with increased growing stock. Current volume growth shows no sign of decreasing, and is still about twice mean annual increment. On similar public lands, rotations considerably longer than indicated by conventional economic analyses could reduce land use conflicts and increase carbon sequestration while maintaining or increasing long-term timber outputs. Small plot size prevents further thinning, which would otherwise be desirable in some treatments. The principal future value of the data is for use (in combination with other data) in development of growth models.
Book Synopsis Modeling Forest Trees and Stands by : Harold E. Burkhart
Download or read book Modeling Forest Trees and Stands written by Harold E. Burkhart and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-04-27 with total page 463 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drawing upon a wealth of past research and results, this book provides a comprehensive summary of state-of-the-art methods for empirical modeling of forest trees and stands. It opens by describing methods for quantifying individual trees, progresses to a thorough coverage of whole-stand, size-class and individual-tree approaches for modeling forest stand dynamics, growth and yield, moves on to methods for incorporating response to silvicultural treatments and wood quality characteristics in forest growth and yield models, and concludes with a discussion on evaluating and implementing growth and yield models. Ideal for use in graduate-level forestry courses, this book also provides ready access to a plethora of reference material for researchers working in growth and yield modeling.
Book Synopsis Thinning Effects on Stand and Tree Growth by : Pablo Romero Castaño
Download or read book Thinning Effects on Stand and Tree Growth written by Pablo Romero Castaño and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The search for the stand density that optimizes growth and hence generates the maximum amount of wood is one of the philosopher's stone in modern forestry. Since scientific methods were applied to forestry, numerous generations of foresters have studied the relations between stocking density and growth, obtaining diverse results and structuring acquired knowledge into different principles that continue to be debated by supporters and detractors. Three main principles are: 1) any reduction in stand density entails a decreasing in the growing capacity, 2) growth is constant for a range of stand densities and, 3) progressive reductions in stand density increase growth up to an optimum, after which growth starts decreasing. Thinning is the traditional tool that foresters use to manage stand density. Consequently, most of growth-growing stock relations are based on data from thinning experiments. In addition to the potential effects of thinning on growth of residual trees, the erratic behavior of periodic annual increment routinely found in field studies may be contributed by measurement errors, imputation inaccuracies, variation in initial conditions, imprecise treatment implementation, irregular mortality, or variation in definition of density and stocking. These sources of variation in response to thinning lead to different results and different interpretations of conformity to the principles listed above. The Black Rock Unit of the George T. Gerlinger Experimental Forest in Oregon holds one of the largest and oldest Douglas-fir thinning experiments with the native region of this species. The characteristics of the stand, particularly the age when treatments were carried out and the initial dimensions of the trees, broaden our perspective to the on results from other studies in other areas and in younger stands of both Douglas-fir and other species. Reductions in stand density generally lead to a change in the expected growth of the stand, most typically a reduction in growth more or less commensurate with the reduction in stand density, as further controlled by the initial diameter, height, and crown length of the residual trees. The direct effect of thinning is that portion of the growth response that is systematically related to the type, intensity, and timing of the thinning and that is not explained by the relationship of growth to conventional stand, tree, and site predictor variables in unthinned stands. Accurate forecasting of tree and stand growth after thinning therefore requires quantification of the direct effects of thinning and its change over time since thinning. In an effort to isolate the direct effect of thinning treatments at the stand and tree level, from effects of conventional stand, tree, and site variables, regression techniques were applied to data from a set of thinned and unthinned stands. After an initial period of no response, limited response, or even "shock", thinning increased stand growth inversely proportional to the intensity of treatment (if stands were compared at the same initial conditions). The overall direct effect of thinning was consequently an initial decrease relative to the growth rate of an unthinned stand with the same initial conditions, but then an increase growth after several years. Direct effects at the stand level were the aggregate result of direct effects of thinning on the constituent trees. These tree-level direct effects were more complicated than has previously been assumed in growth models. Trees of different diameter classes (correlated with crown classes) differed in their direct response to thinning. In general, thinning had little direct effect on growth patterns in the largest diameter class (largest 28%), increased the growth performance in mid-sized trees (next largest 22% by diameter), and reduced initially the average growth of smallest trees (smallest 19% by diameter). However, most diameter classes under most thinning intensities recovered quickly after a few years and direct thinning effects led to greater growth that expected for the same initial conditions in unthinned stands. The intensity of thinning increased this positive direct response among all size classes. These results help to understand the factors that control growth in Douglas-fir stands. Likewise, quantification of direct growth effects attributable to thinning add to our knowledge base on tree and stand-level responses to thinning. In regard to the stated growth-growing stock principles, the Black Rock thinning trials seemed to support the principle that stand growth declines in direct proportion to thinning intensity. The eventual growth increase stimulated by the direct thinning effect did not compensate for the reduced growing stock imposed by thinning. Furthermore, little evidence was found for uniform growth across a wide range in initial stand density. Finally, analyses of individual trees and percentiles of the diameter distribution corresponding roughly to crown classes demonstrated that the direct effect of thinning within a stand is not uniform across tree size, implying that stand-level multipliers for the direct thinning effect might gainfully be replaced by a tree-level function of relative tree size as well as thinning intensity and time since thinning.
Book Synopsis Influence of Initial Spacing on Stem Form, Crown Development and Branch Characteristics in a 23-year Old Jack Pine Plantation by : Richard M. Godman
Download or read book Influence of Initial Spacing on Stem Form, Crown Development and Branch Characteristics in a 23-year Old Jack Pine Plantation written by Richard M. Godman and published by . This book was released on 1964 with total page 81 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: