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Regional Scale Dynamical Thermodynamical Model For Unconsolidated Sea Ice
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Book Synopsis Regional Scale Dynamical Thermodynamical Model for Unconsolidated Sea Ice by : Venkata R. Neralla
Download or read book Regional Scale Dynamical Thermodynamical Model for Unconsolidated Sea Ice written by Venkata R. Neralla and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The objective of this study is to develop a regional scale sea ice dynamics model for obtaining short range, real time or near-real time predictions of ice conditions for operational use. Hibler's ... dynamic - thermodynamic formulation is modified to suit this objective. The regional-scale model consists of (1) a momentum equation which includes air to ice stress, water to ice stress, Coriolis force, ocean tilt and internal ice resistance, (2) a constitutive law which relates the ice stress to the strain rate and the ice strength and (3) continuity equations for ice thickness and concentration. The continuity equations consider a simple ice thickness distribution which is the same as the one used in Hibler's ... model. An improved thermodynamic formulation for use in the ice thickness distribution is being developed and will be incorporated later into this model. A plastic viscous rheology is used for modelling the ice-ice interaction. Other stresses are parameterized using standard methods. A finite difference numerical procedure is used for solving the equations. The regional ice model is run on a 22 x 22 array with a grid size of 42.3 km and a time step of 3 hours. Model integrations out to 48 hours have been performed and the simulations are compared with data collected during the November/December 1979 Winter Ice Experiment in the Beaufort Sea .... The drift comparisons show the simulated velocities and observed drift to be in reasonable agreement especially considering that errors due to poorly resolved wind and water currents can be substantial. A number of sensitivity and model sophistication tests are planned to further validate the model and the results from it"--Leaf iii.
Book Synopsis Fine Scale Ice Dynamics Model for Unconsolidated Sea Ice by :
Download or read book Fine Scale Ice Dynamics Model for Unconsolidated Sea Ice written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 227 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis POAC '85 : the 8th International Conference on Port and Ocean Engineering Under Arctic Conditions : Proceedings, Narssarssuaq, Greenland, September 7-14, 1985 by : Dansk hydraulisk institut
Download or read book POAC '85 : the 8th International Conference on Port and Ocean Engineering Under Arctic Conditions : Proceedings, Narssarssuaq, Greenland, September 7-14, 1985 written by Dansk hydraulisk institut and published by Hørsholm, Denmark : Danish Hydraulic Institute. This book was released on 1985 with total page 536 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Topics covered include sea ice properties, Arctic oceanography and meteorology, marine geology and soil mechanics, behaviour of materials and structures in the Arctic, harbour structures in Greenland, coastal and offshore structures, underwater technology, technical and economic aspects of navigation in cold regions, icebreaking technology, offshore operations and the environment and topics unique to the Greenland environment.
Book Synopsis Spatial and Temporal Dynamics of Primary Production in Antarctic Sea Ice by : Benjamin Lundquist Saenz
Download or read book Spatial and Temporal Dynamics of Primary Production in Antarctic Sea Ice written by Benjamin Lundquist Saenz and published by Stanford University. This book was released on 2011 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sea ice is an important driver of climate patterns and polar marine ecosystem dynamics. In particular, primary production by microalgae in sea ice has been postulated as a sink for anthropogenic CO2, and as a critical resource in the life cycle of Antarctic krill Euphausia superba, a keystone species. Study of the sea ice ecosystem is difficult at regional and global scales, however, because of the expense and logistical difficulties in accessing such a remote and hostile environment. Consequently, models remain valuable tools for investigations of the spatial and temporal dynamics of sea ice and associated ecology and biogeochemistry. Recent advances in model representations of sea ice have called into question the accuracy of previous studies, and allow the creation of new tools to perform mechanistic simulations of sea ice physics and biogeochemistry. To address spatial and temporal variability in Antarctic sea ice algal production, and to establish the bounds and sensitivities of the sea ice ecosystem, a new, coupled sea ice ecosystem model was developed. In the vertical dimension, the model resolves incorporated saline brine, macronutrients concentrations, spectral shortwave radiation, and the sea ice algae community at high resolution. A novel method for thermodynamics, desalination, and fluid transfer in slushy, high-brine fraction sea ice was developed to simulate regions of high algal productivity. The processes of desalination, fluid transfer, snow-ice creation, and superimposed ice formation allowed the evolution of realistic vertical profiles of sea ice salinity and algal growth. The model replicated time series observations of ice temperature, salinity, algal biomass, and estimated fluid flux from the Ice Station Weddell experiment. In the horizontal dimension, sub-grid scale parameterizations of snow and ice thickness allow more realistic simulation of the ice thickness distribution, and consequently, sea ice algal habitat. The model is forced from above by atmospheric reanalysis climatologies, and from below by climatological ocean heat flux and deep-water ocean characteristics. Areal sea ice concentration and motion are specified according to SSM/I passive microwave satellite estimates of these parameters. Sensitivity testing of different snow and ice parameterizations showed that without a sub-grid scale ice thickness distribution, mean ice and snow thickness is lower and bottom sea ice algal production is elevated. Atmospheric forcing from different reanalysis data sets cause mean and regional shifts in sea ice production and associated ecology, even when sea ice extent and motion is controlled. Snow cover represents a first-order control over ice algal production by limiting the light available to bottom ice algal communities, and changes to the regional, rather than mean, snow thickness due to the use of different ice and snow representations are responsible for large differences in the magnitude and distribution of sea ice algal production. Improved convective nutrient exchange in high-brine fraction (slush) sea ice is responsible for up to 18% of total sea ice algal production. A continuous 10-year model run using climatological years 1996-2005 produced a time series of sea ice algal primary production that varied between 15.5 and 18.0 Tg C yr-1. This study represents the first interannual estimate of Antarctic sea ice algal production that dynamically considers the light, temperature, salinity, and nutrient conditions that control algal growth. On average, 64% of algal production occurred in the bottom 0.2 m of the ice pack. Production was spatially heterogeneous, with little consistency between years when examined at regional scales; however, at basin or hemispheric scales, annual production was fairly consistent in magnitude. At a mean of 0.9 g C m-2 yr-1, the magnitude of carbon uptake by sea ice algae will not significantly affect the Southern Ocean carbon cycle. Light availability was the dominant control on sea ice algae growth over the majority of the year; however, severe nutrient limitation that occurred annually during late spring and summer proved to be the largest control over sea ice algal productivity.
Download or read book Ice Dynamics written by William D. Hibler and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monograph reviews essential aspects of sea ice dynamics on the geophysical scale and discusses the role of ice dynamics in air-sea-ice interaction. The review is divided into the following components: (a) a discussion of the momentum balance describing ice drift, (b) an examination of the nature of sea ice rheology on the geophysical scale, (c) an analysis of the relationship between ice strength and ice thickness characteristics, and (d) a discussion of the rle of ice dynamices in the atmosphere-ice-ocean system. Because of the unique, highly nonlinear nature of sea-ice interaction, special attention is given to the ramifications of ice interaction on sea ice motion and deformation. These ramifications are illustrated both by analytic solution and by numerical model results. In addition, the role of ice dynamics in the atmosphere-ice-ocean system is discussed in light of numerical modeling experiments, including a fully coupled ice-ocean model of the Arctic-Greenland-Norwegian seas.
Book Synopsis The Drift of Sea Ice by : Matti Leppäranta
Download or read book The Drift of Sea Ice written by Matti Leppäranta and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-03-22 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Second Edition of The Drift of Sea Ice presents the fundamental laws of sea ice drift which come from the material properties of sea ice and the basic laws of mechanics. The resulting system of equations is analysed for the general properties of sea ice drift, the free drift model and analytical models for ice drift in the presence of internal friction, and the construction of numerical ice drift models is detailed. This second edition of a much lauded work, unique on this topic in the English language, has been revised, updated and expanded with much new information and outlines recent results, in particular in relation to the climate problem, mathematical modelling and ice engineering applications. The current book presents the theory, observations, mathematical modelling techniques, and applications of sea ice drift science. The theory is presented from the beginning on a graduate student level, so that students and researchers coming from other fields such as physical oceanography, meteorology, physics, engineering, environmental sciences or geography can use the book as a source book or self-study material. First the drift ice material is presented ending with the concept of ‘ice state’ – the relevant properties in sea ice dynamics. Ice kinematics observations are widely presented with the mathematical analysis methods, and thereafter come drift ice rheology – to close the triangle material – kinematics – stress. The momentum equation of sea ice is derived in detail and its general properties are carefully analysed. Then follow two chapters on analytical models: free drift and drift in the presence of internal friction: These are very important tools in understanding the dynamical behaviour of sea ice. The last topical chapter is numerical models, which are the modern tool to solve ice dynamics problem in short term and long term problems. The closing chapter summarises sea ice dynamics applications and the need of sea ice dynamic knowledge and gives some final remarks on the future of this branch of science.
Book Synopsis A dynamic thermodynamic sea ice model by : W.D. HIBLER
Download or read book A dynamic thermodynamic sea ice model written by W.D. HIBLER and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Seasonal to Decadal Predictions of Arctic Sea Ice by : National Research Council
Download or read book Seasonal to Decadal Predictions of Arctic Sea Ice written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-01-03 with total page 93 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent well documented reductions in the thickness and extent of Arctic sea ice cover, which can be linked to the warming climate, are affecting the global climate system and are also affecting the global economic system as marine access to the Arctic region and natural resource development increase. Satellite data show that during each of the past six summers, sea ice cover has shrunk to its smallest in three decades. The composition of the ice is also changing, now containing a higher fraction of thin first-year ice instead of thicker multi-year ice. Understanding and projecting future sea ice conditions is important to a growing number of stakeholders, including local populations, natural resource industries, fishing communities, commercial shippers, marine tourism operators, national security organizations, regulatory agencies, and the scientific research community. However, gaps in understanding the interactions between Arctic sea ice, oceans, and the atmosphere, along with an increasing rate of change in the nature and quantity of sea ice, is hampering accurate predictions. Although modeling has steadily improved, projections by every major modeling group failed to predict the record breaking drop in summer sea ice extent in September 2012. Establishing sustained communication between the user, modeling, and observation communities could help reveal gaps in understanding, help balance the needs and expectations of different stakeholders, and ensure that resources are allocated to address the most pressing sea ice data needs. Seasonal-to-Decadal Predictions of Arctic Sea Ice: Challenges and Strategies explores these topics.
Book Synopsis Documentation for a Two-level Dynamic Thermodynamic Sea Ice Model by : William D. Hibler
Download or read book Documentation for a Two-level Dynamic Thermodynamic Sea Ice Model written by William D. Hibler and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Drift, Deformation, and Fracture of Sea Ice by : Jerome Weiss
Download or read book Drift, Deformation, and Fracture of Sea Ice written by Jerome Weiss and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-14 with total page 95 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sea ice is a major component of polar environments, especially in the Arctic where it covers the entire Arctic Ocean throughout most of the year. However, in the context of climate change, the Arctic sea ice cover has been declining significantly over the last decades, either in terms of its concentration or thickness. The sea ice cover evolution and climate change are strongly coupled through the albedo positive feedback, thus possibly explaining the Arctic amplification of climate warming. In addition to thermodynamics, sea ice kinematics (drift, deformation) appears as an essential factor in the evolution of the ice cover through a reduction of the average ice age (and consequently of the cover's thickness), or ice export out of the Arctic. This is a first motivation for a better understanding of the kinematical and mechanical processes of sea ice. A more upstream, theoretical motivation is a better understanding of the brittle deformation of geophysical objects across a wide range of scales. Indeed, owing to its very strong kinematics, compared e.g. to the Earth’s crust, an unrivaled kinematical data set is available for sea ice from in situ (e.g. drifting buoys) or satellite observations. Here, we review the recent advances in the understanding of sea ice drift, deformation and fracturing obtained from these data. We focus particularly on the scaling properties in time and scale that characterize these processes, and we emphasize the analogies that can be drawn from the deformation of the Earth’s crust. These scaling properties, which are the signature of long-range elastic interactions within the cover, constrain future developments in the modeling of sea ice mechanics. We also show that kinematical and rheological variables such as average velocity, average strain-rate or strength have significantly changed over the last decades, accompanying and actually accelerating the Arctic sea ice decline.
Book Synopsis Sea Ice in the Arctic by : Ola M. Johannessen
Download or read book Sea Ice in the Arctic written by Ola M. Johannessen and published by Springer. This book was released on 2020-11-20 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides in-depth information about the sea ice in the Arctic at scales from paleoenvironmental variability to more contemporary changes during the past and present centuries. The book is based on several decades of research related to sea ice in the Arctic and its variability, sea ice process studies as well as implications of the sea ice variability on human activities. The chapters provide an extensive overview of the research results related to sea ice in the Arctic at paleo-scales to more resent scales of variations as well as projections for changes during the 21st century. The authors have pioneered the satellite remote sensing monitoring of sea ice and used other monitoring data in order to study, monitor and model sea ice and its processes.
Book Synopsis The Sea Ice-Ocean Global Coupled Model ARCICE Project Report Part I by : Y. Aksenov
Download or read book The Sea Ice-Ocean Global Coupled Model ARCICE Project Report Part I written by Y. Aksenov and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 83 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Sensitivity study of a dynamic thermodynamic sea ice model by : D.M. HOLLAND
Download or read book Sensitivity study of a dynamic thermodynamic sea ice model written by D.M. HOLLAND and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Spatial and Temporal Dynamics of Primary Production in Antarctic Sea Ice by : Benjamin Lundquist Saenz
Download or read book Spatial and Temporal Dynamics of Primary Production in Antarctic Sea Ice written by Benjamin Lundquist Saenz and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sea ice is an important driver of climate patterns and polar marine ecosystem dynamics. In particular, primary production by microalgae in sea ice has been postulated as a sink for anthropogenic CO2, and as a critical resource in the life cycle of Antarctic krill Euphausia superba, a keystone species. Study of the sea ice ecosystem is difficult at regional and global scales, however, because of the expense and logistical difficulties in accessing such a remote and hostile environment. Consequently, models remain valuable tools for investigations of the spatial and temporal dynamics of sea ice and associated ecology and biogeochemistry. Recent advances in model representations of sea ice have called into question the accuracy of previous studies, and allow the creation of new tools to perform mechanistic simulations of sea ice physics and biogeochemistry. To address spatial and temporal variability in Antarctic sea ice algal production, and to establish the bounds and sensitivities of the sea ice ecosystem, a new, coupled sea ice ecosystem model was developed. In the vertical dimension, the model resolves incorporated saline brine, macronutrients concentrations, spectral shortwave radiation, and the sea ice algae community at high resolution. A novel method for thermodynamics, desalination, and fluid transfer in slushy, high-brine fraction sea ice was developed to simulate regions of high algal productivity. The processes of desalination, fluid transfer, snow-ice creation, and superimposed ice formation allowed the evolution of realistic vertical profiles of sea ice salinity and algal growth. The model replicated time series observations of ice temperature, salinity, algal biomass, and estimated fluid flux from the Ice Station Weddell experiment. In the horizontal dimension, sub-grid scale parameterizations of snow and ice thickness allow more realistic simulation of the ice thickness distribution, and consequently, sea ice algal habitat. The model is forced from above by atmospheric reanalysis climatologies, and from below by climatological ocean heat flux and deep-water ocean characteristics. Areal sea ice concentration and motion are specified according to SSM/I passive microwave satellite estimates of these parameters. Sensitivity testing of different snow and ice parameterizations showed that without a sub-grid scale ice thickness distribution, mean ice and snow thickness is lower and bottom sea ice algal production is elevated. Atmospheric forcing from different reanalysis data sets cause mean and regional shifts in sea ice production and associated ecology, even when sea ice extent and motion is controlled. Snow cover represents a first-order control over ice algal production by limiting the light available to bottom ice algal communities, and changes to the regional, rather than mean, snow thickness due to the use of different ice and snow representations are responsible for large differences in the magnitude and distribution of sea ice algal production. Improved convective nutrient exchange in high-brine fraction (slush) sea ice is responsible for up to 18% of total sea ice algal production. A continuous 10-year model run using climatological years 1996-2005 produced a time series of sea ice algal primary production that varied between 15.5 and 18.0 Tg C yr-1. This study represents the first interannual estimate of Antarctic sea ice algal production that dynamically considers the light, temperature, salinity, and nutrient conditions that control algal growth. On average, 64% of algal production occurred in the bottom 0.2 m of the ice pack. Production was spatially heterogeneous, with little consistency between years when examined at regional scales; however, at basin or hemispheric scales, annual production was fairly consistent in magnitude. At a mean of 0.9 g C m-2 yr-1, the magnitude of carbon uptake by sea ice algae will not significantly affect the Southern Ocean carbon cycle. Light availability was the dominant control on sea ice algae growth over the majority of the year; however, severe nutrient limitation that occurred annually during late spring and summer proved to be the largest control over sea ice algal productivity.
Book Synopsis Arctic Sea Ice Dynamics by : Torge Martin
Download or read book Arctic Sea Ice Dynamics written by Torge Martin and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Understanding Polar Atmosphere-ocean-sea Ice Momentum Transfer Using Remote Sensing and Modeling Techniques by : Alexander Mchedlishvili
Download or read book Understanding Polar Atmosphere-ocean-sea Ice Momentum Transfer Using Remote Sensing and Modeling Techniques written by Alexander Mchedlishvili and published by . This book was released on 2024 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the last half a century, the Arctic sea ice extent and volume have been decreasing as a result of the amplified warming taking place in the Arctic. Similarly, the Antarctic summertime sea ice extent maximum has been the lowest in the satellite record for the last three years. As sea ice at both poles is changing in a warming climate, it is necessary to better understand the fundamental processes that determine sea ice properties such as extent, thickness, volume and drift. These processes, namely dynamic and thermodynamic ones, are triggered by the surrounding atmosphere and ocean. The overarching goal of this dissertation is to study dynamic processes while also considering thermodynamic aspects. Chapter 3 delves into the abovementioned dynamic and thermodynamic processes at mesoscale in the study of polynya events and thin sea ice anomalies above Maud Rise in the Antarctic. Chapter 4 looks at parameters that quantify dynamics, specifically at drag coefficients (Cd) that determine the momentum transfer between the atmosphere and sea ice, on a pan-Arctic scale. Finally, Chapter 5 implements the derived estimates of drag from observations into a coupled regional atmosphere-ocean-sea ice model in order to investigate the impact of variable drag on sea ice properties Arctic-wide. The Weddell Sea Polynya (occurring in 1974-1976 and 2016-2017) is an excellent case study in the impact of mesoscale as well as synoptic scale processes on sea ice. My analysis of the events corroborates past studies that identify the Weddell Sea polynya as one that is driven by dynamic as well as thermodynamic processes. In addition, using satellite-borne microwave imaging radiometers, large thin sea ice anomalies have been identified in polynya-free years (2010-2020). Given the reported links between the polynya and different dynamic and thermodynamic ocean and atmosphere processes, our results suggest that when an insufficient amount of these processes are active, a thin sea ice anomaly may emerge instead. The neutral sea ice-atmosphere Cd data-set is the first-ever assessment of drag on both pan- Arctic spatial and sub-yearly temporal scales. Leveraging the high resolution of Ice, Cloud and land Elevation Satellite 2 (IS2), as well as near-coincident Operation IceBridge (OIB) airborne surveys of sea ice topography, it was possible to observe the spatiotemporal evolution of drag from November 2018 to May 2022. My results showed the ice area directly north of the Canadian Archipelago and Greenland to have a Cd consistently above 2.0 × 10-3, while for most of the multiyear ice portion of the Arctic it is typically around ∼1.5 × 10-3. The first-year and young ice portion of the Arctic has a comparatively lower Cd (∼9 × 10-4) with an increase along the marginal ice zone that exceeds 1.5 × 10-3. This dataset was then used to derive a parameterization linking Cd to coincident IS2 sea ice thickness measurements, which was implemented into the regional atmosphere-ocean-sea ice model HIRHAM-NAOSIM. By running the model with and without the implementation, my results showed reasonable albeit small differences between the sea ice properties modelled by the two runs. Using sensitivity studies that varied the coefficients and integration of the Cd parameterization, I was then able to explain the differences observed. The main findings from the model study are that atmospheric and oceanic drag have the opposite effect on both sea ice drift and thickness on a pan-Arctic scale, and that over a period of three years, regardless of the range in drag variability, the impact of drag on sea ice in a coupled model is typically small in magnitude (
Book Synopsis A Model for the Thermodynamic Growth of Sea Ice in Numerical Investigations of Climate by : Albert J. Semtner
Download or read book A Model for the Thermodynamic Growth of Sea Ice in Numerical Investigations of Climate written by Albert J. Semtner and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
