Regional Aerosol Deposition In Human Upper Airways

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Regional Aerosol Deposition in Human Upper Airways

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 5 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (727 download)

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Book Synopsis Regional Aerosol Deposition in Human Upper Airways by :

Download or read book Regional Aerosol Deposition in Human Upper Airways written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Laboratory experimental studies were carried out to investigate the factors influencing the deposition of aerosols ranging in size from 1 nm to 10 [mu]m in the human nasal, oral, pharyngeal and laryngeal airways. These experimental studies were performed in replicate upper airway physical models and in human volunteer subjects. New replicate models of the oral passage of an infant, the oral passage of an adult at two openings and the combined nasal and oral airways of an adult were constructed during the period, adding to the existing models of adult, child and infant nasal and oral airways models. Deposition studies in the adult oral and adult nasal models were performed under simulated cyclic flow conditions with 1 nm particles to compare with previously measured constant flow studies. Similar studies with inertial particles (1--10 [mu]m diameter) were performed with the adult nasal model; in both instances, results with cyclic flow were similar to constant flow results using a simple average flow rate based on inspiratory volume and time of inspiration. Human subject studies were performed with particle sizes 5--20 nm for nasal inspiration; preliminary analysis shows good agreement with model studies at several representative flow rates. Nasal inspiratory inertial deposition of 1--4 [mu]m diameter particles was measured in several adults as a function of airway dimensions; dimensional changes of the valve area by decongestion did not produce concomitant deposition changes.

Regional Aerosol Deposition in Human Upper Airways. Final Report

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 107 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (871 download)

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Download or read book Regional Aerosol Deposition in Human Upper Airways. Final Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 107 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the award period, a number of studies have been carried out related to the overall objective of the project which is to elucidate important factors which influence the upper airway deposition and dose of particles in the size range 0.5 nm - 10 [mu]m, such as particle size, breathing conditions, age, airway geometry, and mode of breathing. These studies are listed below. (1) A high voltage electrospray system was constructed to generate polydispersed 1-10 [mu]m diameter di-ethylhexyl sebacate aerosol for particle deposition studies in nasal casts and in human subjects. (2) The effect of nostril dimensions, nasal passage geometry, and nasal resistance on particle deposition efficiency in forty healthy, nonsmoking adults at a constant flowrate were studied. (3) The effect of nostril dimensions, nasal passage dimensions and nasal resistance on the percentage of particle deposition in the anterior 3 cm of the nasal passage of spontaneously breathing humans were studied. (4) The region of deposition of monodispersed aerosols were studied using replicate casts. (5) Ultrafine aerosol deposition using simulated breath holding path and natural path was compared. (6) An experimental technique was proposed and tested to measure the oral deposition of inhaled ultrafine particles. (7) We have calculated the total deposition fraction of ultrafine aerosols from 5 to 200 n in the extrathoracic airways and in the lung. (8) The deposition fraction of radon progeny in the head airways was studied using several head airway models.

Regional Aerosol Deposition in Human Upper Airways. Progress Report, March 1, 1992--February 28, 1993

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 5 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (873 download)

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Book Synopsis Regional Aerosol Deposition in Human Upper Airways. Progress Report, March 1, 1992--February 28, 1993 by :

Download or read book Regional Aerosol Deposition in Human Upper Airways. Progress Report, March 1, 1992--February 28, 1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Laboratory experimental studies were carried out to investigate the factors influencing the deposition of aerosols ranging in size from 1 nm to 10 [mu]m in the human nasal, oral, pharyngeal and laryngeal airways. These experimental studies were performed in replicate upper airway physical models and in human volunteer subjects. New replicate models of the oral passage of an infant, the oral passage of an adult at two openings and the combined nasal and oral airways of an adult were constructed during the period, adding to the existing models of adult, child and infant nasal and oral airways models. Deposition studies in the adult oral and adult nasal models were performed under simulated cyclic flow conditions with 1 nm particles to compare with previously measured constant flow studies. Similar studies with inertial particles (1--10 [mu]m diameter) were performed with the adult nasal model; in both instances, results with cyclic flow were similar to constant flow results using a simple average flow rate based on inspiratory volume and time of inspiration. Human subject studies were performed with particle sizes 5--20 nm for nasal inspiration; preliminary analysis shows good agreement with model studies at several representative flow rates. Nasal inspiratory inertial deposition of 1--4 [mu]m diameter particles was measured in several adults as a function of airway dimensions; dimensional changes of the valve area by decongestion did not produce concomitant deposition changes.

Aerosols And The Human Lung: An Introduction

Author : Chantal J Darquenne
Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 9811212198
Total Pages : 222 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (112 download)

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Book Synopsis Aerosols And The Human Lung: An Introduction by : Chantal J Darquenne

Download or read book Aerosols And The Human Lung: An Introduction written by Chantal J Darquenne and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2020-03-10 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive overview of the field of aerosol science related to particle inhalation and its effect on the lung, predominately in humans. It covers the basics of aerosol behavior, transport, deposition, clearance, and effects of aerosols, both environmental and therapeutic. Aimed at the researcher entering the field of aerosol inhalation it provides a valuable introductory resource in an accessible format.

Air Pollution, the Automobile, and Public Health

Author : Sponsored by The Health Effects Institute
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309037263
Total Pages : 703 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Air Pollution, the Automobile, and Public Health by : Sponsored by The Health Effects Institute

Download or read book Air Pollution, the Automobile, and Public Health written by Sponsored by The Health Effects Institute and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1988-01-01 with total page 703 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The combination of scientific and institutional integrity represented by this book is unusual. It should be a model for future endeavors to help quantify environmental risk as a basis for good decisionmaking." â€"William D. Ruckelshaus, from the foreword. This volume, prepared under the auspices of the Health Effects Institute, an independent research organization created and funded jointly by the Environmental Protection Agency and the automobile industry, brings together experts on atmospheric exposure and on the biological effects of toxic substances to examine what is knownâ€"and not knownâ€"about the human health risks of automotive emissions.

Airborne Particles

Author : National Research Council (U.S.). Subcommittee on Airborne Particles
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 376 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (43 download)

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Book Synopsis Airborne Particles by : National Research Council (U.S.). Subcommittee on Airborne Particles

Download or read book Airborne Particles written by National Research Council (U.S.). Subcommittee on Airborne Particles and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Drug Delivery to the Lung

Author : Hans Bisgaard
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 0824741978
Total Pages : 536 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (247 download)

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Book Synopsis Drug Delivery to the Lung by : Hans Bisgaard

Download or read book Drug Delivery to the Lung written by Hans Bisgaard and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2001-10-02 with total page 536 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on the aerosol treatment of lung diseases, recent improvements in the understanding of proper dosage, and major innovations in device technology applied to clinical practice. Examines the behavior of inspired spherical particles in the respiratory tract!Featuring over 1300 references, drawings, tables, and photographs.

Morphometry of the Human Lung

Author : Ewald R. Weibel
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 1483225798
Total Pages : 164 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (832 download)

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Book Synopsis Morphometry of the Human Lung by : Ewald R. Weibel

Download or read book Morphometry of the Human Lung written by Ewald R. Weibel and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Morphometry of the Human Lung considers the developments in understanding the quantitative anatomy of the lung, and in the correlation of anatomy with physiology. This book is composed of 11 chapters, and begins with an overview of a systematic approach to a quantitative morphologic analysis of the architecture of the human lung, followed by a presentation of general problems of methodology and the derivation of reliable dimensional models of this organ. The subsequent chapters describe the methods of preparation of tissues, methods of random sampling, and adaptation of methodologies from other fields of science. These topics are followed by discussions the mathematical formulations for the translation of the data into the desired geometric forms and a technique of counting. The final chapters look into the mode of distribution and geometric forms that should eventually facilitate mathematical and physical considerations regarding the function of the lungs. These chapters also consider the application of these quantitative methods to the study of pathologic specimens, providing a most timely renovation of morphologic pathology. This book will be of value to pulmonologists, physiologists, and researchers who are interested in lung morphometry.

Aerosol Technology

Author : William C. Hinds
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118591976
Total Pages : 411 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (185 download)

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Book Synopsis Aerosol Technology by : William C. Hinds

Download or read book Aerosol Technology written by William C. Hinds and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 411 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The #1 guide to aerosol science and technology -now better than ever Since 1982, Aerosol Technology has been the text of choice among students and professionals who need to acquire a thorough working knowledge of modern aerosol theory and applications. Now revised to reflect the considerable advances that have been made over the past seventeen years across a broad spectrum of aerosol-related application areas - from occupational hygiene and biomedical technology to microelectronics and pollution control -this new edition includes: * A chapter on bioaerosols * New sections on resuspension, transport losses, respiratory deposition models, and fractal characterization of particles * Expanded coverage of atmospheric aerosols, including background aerosols and urban aerosols * A section on the impact of aerosols on global warming and ozone depletion. Aerosol Technology, Second Edition also features dozens of new, fully worked examples drawn from a wide range of industrial and research settings, plus new chapter-end practice problems to help readers master the material quickly.

Inhaled Particles

Author : Chiu-sen Wang
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080455018
Total Pages : 214 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (84 download)

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Book Synopsis Inhaled Particles by : Chiu-sen Wang

Download or read book Inhaled Particles written by Chiu-sen Wang and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2005-01-20 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Inhaled Particles integrates all that is known about inhaled particles in a unified treatment. It aims to provide a scientific framework essential to a reasonable understanding of inhaled particles. The emphasis is placed on demonstrating the key roles of lung morphology on airflow and particle transport as well as identifying physical and biological factors that influence deposition. Special attention is paid to maintaining consistency of treatment and a balance between theoretical modeling and experimental measurements. The book covers all important aspects of inhaled particles including inhalability, aerosol dispersion, particle deposition, and clearance. It reviews concisely the basic background of lung morphology, respiratory physiology, aerodynamics, and aerosol science pertinent to the subject. Essential aspects of health effects and applications are also included. An easy-to-read, self contained introduction to the field An excellent source of updated research information Useful for students and professionals in aerosol science, environmental health science, occupational hygiene, health physics and biomedical engineering

VDI Heat Atlas

Author : VDI Gesellschaft
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3540778764
Total Pages : 1608 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (47 download)

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Book Synopsis VDI Heat Atlas by : VDI Gesellschaft

Download or read book VDI Heat Atlas written by VDI Gesellschaft and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-07-21 with total page 1608 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For more than 50 years, the Springer VDI Heat Atlas has been an indispensable working means for engineers dealing with questions of heat transfer. Featuring 50% more content, this new edition covers most fields of heat transfer in industrial and engineering applications. It presents the interrelationships between basic scientific methods, experimental techniques, model-based analysis and their transfer to technical applications.

Aerosol Deposition Along the Respiratory Tract at Zero Gravity

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (727 download)

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Book Synopsis Aerosol Deposition Along the Respiratory Tract at Zero Gravity by :

Download or read book Aerosol Deposition Along the Respiratory Tract at Zero Gravity written by and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Significant fractions of airborne particles composing inhaled aerosols can deposit along the respiratory tract during breathing. Depending on the environmental condition, some particles that enter the body via the respiratory route can pose health hazards. On earth, three general rate mechanisms are active in this deposition process: (1) inertial impaction; (2) diffusion; and (3) gravity-dependent sedimentation. Space craft, stations, and bases represent unique settings where potentially pathogenic aerosols may be encountered under the unique condition of zero or reduced gravity. The present study was undertaken in order to predict how particle deposition in the human respiratory tract at zero gravity may differ from that on earth. We employed the aerosol deposition model of the Task Group on Lung Dynamics to assess the regional deposition of particles ranging from 0.01 to 10 .mu.m diameter at two particulate densities, 1 and 4, during simulated tidal breathing and breathing during moderate - heavy exercise. Our results suggest the gas exchange regions of the lungs of space travelers and residents are afforded some protection, relative to their earth-bound counterparts, against the deposition of particles due to the absence of gravity; and approximately 2 to 10 fold reduction in the efficiency of collection of particles> 0.5 .mu.m in diameter occurred in the pulmonary region during resting conditions and exercise. Deposition along the tracheobronchial tree, however, is not markedly altered in the absence of gravity, indicating airway sites contributing to this structure remain susceptible to insults by inhaled aerosols. 18 references, 2 figures, 2 tables.

Analytical Assessment of e-Cigarettes

Author : Konstantinos E. Farsalinos
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0128112425
Total Pages : 164 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

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Book Synopsis Analytical Assessment of e-Cigarettes by : Konstantinos E. Farsalinos

Download or read book Analytical Assessment of e-Cigarettes written by Konstantinos E. Farsalinos and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2016-11-16 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A volume in the Emerging Issues in Analytical Chemistry series, Analytical Assessment of E-Cigarettes: From Contents to Chemical and Particle Exposure Profiles addresses the many issues surrounding electronic cigarettes in an unprecedented level of scientific detail. The plethora of product devices, formulations, and flavors, combined with the lack of industry standards and labeling requirements, quality control, and limited product oversight, has given rise to public concern about initiation of use and potential for adverse exposure and negative long-term health outcomes. This volume discusses how analytical methods can address these issues and support the manufacturing, labeling, distribution, testing, regulation, and monitoring for consistency of products with known chemical content and demonstrated performance characteristics. The book begins with the background on aerosol drug delivery services and e-cigarettes, constituents of nicotine-containing liquid dosing formulations, typical use scenarios and associated aerosol emissions, and chemical exposures and pharmacological and toxicological effect profiles, and then continues with descriptions of the analytical methods used to characterize the chemicals in formulations and emissions from e-cigarettes, including their stability, physical particle-size distribution and thermal degradation under commonly employed conditions of use. Analytical methods enabling detection of biomarkers of exposure and harm in complex biological matrices are discussed, with an emphasis on constituents or emissions of current medicinal interest or with potential to produce harm. Opportunities and challenges for analytical chemistry in supporting the continued development and use of safe and consistent dosage formulations as alternatives to tobacco products are also explored, with a concluding section describing an analytical approach to a risk-benefit assessment of e-cigarette use on human health. The Emerging Issues in Analytical Chemistry series is published in partnership with RTI International and edited by Brian F. Thomas. Please be sure to check out our other featured volumes: Thomas, Brian F. and ElSohly, Mahmoud. The Analytical Chemistry of Cannabis: Quality Assessment, Assurance, and Regulation of Medicinal Marijuana and Cannabinoid Preparations, 9780128046463, December 2015. Hackney, Anthony C. Exercise, Sport, and Bioanalytical Chemistry: Principles and Practice, 9780128092064, March 2016.Tanna, Sangeeta and Lawson, Graham. Analytical Chemistry for Assessing Medication Adherence, 9780128054635, April 2016.Rao, Vikram; Knight, Rob; and Stoner, Brian. Sustainable Shale Oil and Gas: Analytical Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Geochemistry Methods, 9780128103890, September 2016. - Discusses the chemistry and physics involved in aerosol production, inhalation, deposition, chemical exposure, and effect assessment - Contains current information and state-of-the-science methods on e-cigarette emissions, exposures, and harm assessment - Offers an authoritative, objective perspective from five of the most well-recognized scientists in their areas of expertise who have no personal stake in the e-cigarette industry or the opposition - Includes a foreword written by Dr. Neal Benowitz

Pulmonary Deposition and Retention of Inhaled Aerosols

Author : Theodore F. Hatch
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 1483258521
Total Pages : 209 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (832 download)

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Book Synopsis Pulmonary Deposition and Retention of Inhaled Aerosols by : Theodore F. Hatch

Download or read book Pulmonary Deposition and Retention of Inhaled Aerosols written by Theodore F. Hatch and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-09-12 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pulmonary Deposition and Retention of Inhaled Aerosols is concerned with the respiratory deposition and retention of inhaled aerosols, starting with initial intake and concluding with events that precede pathological tissue response, drawing equally upon both the physical and biological aspects of the subject. The book opens with an introductory chapter on the relationship between the dose of an inhaled aerosol and the kind and degree of response, and classification of particulate substances. This is followed by separate chapters on pulmonary deposition and retention of inhaled aerosols; the factors that influence disease risks associated with atmospheric exposure to aerosols; and measurement of aerosol composition and concentration. It is hoped that the book will help the specialists from both sides as well as technical and administrative personnel to acquire a common understanding of the important intermediate factors that operate between the outside dusty atmosphere and the internal tissue damage and disease—factors that may operate to make one exposure dangerous to life and another altogether innocuous.

The Chemical Components of Tobacco and Tobacco Smoke

Author : Alan Rodgman
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 146651552X
Total Pages : 2334 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (665 download)

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Book Synopsis The Chemical Components of Tobacco and Tobacco Smoke by : Alan Rodgman

Download or read book The Chemical Components of Tobacco and Tobacco Smoke written by Alan Rodgman and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-04-19 with total page 2334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Authored by two longtime researchers in tobacco science, The Chemical Components of Tobacco and Tobacco Smoke, Second Edition chronicles the progress made from late 2008 through 2011 by scientists in the field of tobacco science. The book examines the isolation and characterization of each component. It explores developments in pertinent analytical

Indoor Environment

Author : Lidia Morawska
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 3527609202
Total Pages : 467 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (276 download)

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Book Synopsis Indoor Environment by : Lidia Morawska

Download or read book Indoor Environment written by Lidia Morawska and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2006-12-13 with total page 467 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Covering the fundamentals of air-borne particles and settled dust in the indoor environment, this handy reference investigates: * relevant definitions and terminology, * characteristics, * sources, * sampling techniques and instrumentation, * exposure assessment, * monitoring methods. The result is a useful and comprehensive overview for chemists, physicists and biologists, postgraduate students, medical practitioners, occupational health professionals, building owners and managers, building, construction and air-conditioning engineers, architects, environmental lawyers, government and regulatory professionals.

Pulmonary Drug Delivery

Author : Ali Nokhodchi
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118799542
Total Pages : 392 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (187 download)

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Book Synopsis Pulmonary Drug Delivery by : Ali Nokhodchi

Download or read book Pulmonary Drug Delivery written by Ali Nokhodchi and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-08-03 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drug therapy via inhalation route is at the cutting edge of modern drug delivery research. There has been significant progress on the understanding of drug therapy via inhalation products. However, there are still problems associated with their formulation design, including the interaction between the active pharmaceutical ingredient(s) (APIs), excipients and devices. This book seeks to cover some of the most pertinent issues and challenges of such formulation design associated with industrial production and desirable clinical outcome. The chapter topics have been selected with a view to integrating the factors that require consideration in the selection and design of device and formulation components which impact upon patient usability and clinical effectiveness. The challenges involved with the delivery of macromolecules by inhalation to both adult and pediatric patients are also covered. Written by leading international experts from both academia and industry, the book will help readers (formulation design scientists, researchers and post-graduate and specialized undergraduate students) develop a deep understanding of key aspects of inhalation formulations as well as detail ongoing challenges and advances associated with their development.