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Author : Michael J. Palmer
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 15 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (38 download)
Download or read book Recovery of Plutonium from Plutonium-beryllium Neutron Sources written by Michael J. Palmer and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 18 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (684 download)
Download or read book PROCESS MODELING AND ANALYSIS FOR RECOVERY OF PUBE SOURCES AT LOS ALAMOS. written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Los Alamos National Laboratory maintains one of the premier plutonium processing facilities in the country. The plutonium facility supports several defense- and nondefense-related missions. This paper describes process-modeling efforts focused on the operations related to the Radioactive Source Recovery Program, which recovers the plutonium from plutonium-beryllium neutron sources. This program accomplishes at least two goals: it is evidence of good stewardship of a national resource, plutonium, and destroys a potential health hazard, the neutron source, by separating the plutonium from the beryllium in sources that are no longer being used in various industries or the military. We examine the processes related to source recovery operations in terms of throughput, ionizing radiation exposure to workers, and mass balances using two discrete-event simulation tools: Extend{trademark}, which is commercially available; and ProMoS, which is in-house software specifically tailored for modeling nuclear-materials operations.
Download or read book Selection of Russian Plutonium Beryllium Sources for Inclusion in the Nuclear Mateirals Information Program Archive written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Throughout the 1960s and 1970s, the former Soviet Union produced and exported Plutonium-Beryllium (PuBe) neutron sources to various Eastern European countries. The Russian sources consist of an intermetallic compound of plutonium and beryllium encapsulated in an inner welded, sealed capsule and consisting of a body and one or more covers. The amount of plutonium in the sources ranges from 0.002 g up to 15 g. A portion of the sources was originally exported to East Germany. A portion of these sources were acquired by Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) in the late 1990s for destruction in the Offsite Source Recovery Program. When the OSRP was canceled, the remaining 88 PuBe neutron sources were packaged and stored in a 55-gal drum at T A-55. This storage configuration is no longer acceptable for PuBe sources, and the sources must either be repackaged or disposed of. Repackaging would place the sources into Hagan container, and depending on the dose rates, some sources may be packaged individually increasing the footprint and cost of storage. In addition, each source will be subject to leak-checking every six months. Leaks have already been detected in some of the sources, and due to the age of these sources, it is likely that additional leaks may be detected over time, which will increase the overall complexity of handling and storage. Therefore, it was decided that the sources would be disposed of at the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) due to the cost and labor associated with continued storage at TA-55. However, the plutonium in the sources is of Russian origin and needs to be preserved for research purposes. Therefore, it is important that a representative sample of the sources retained and archived for future studies. This report describes the criteria used to obtain a representative sample of the sources. Nine Russian PuBe neutron sources have been selected out of a collection of 77 sources for inclusion in the NMIP archive. Selection criteria were developed so that the largest sources that are representative of the collection are included. One representative source was chosen for every 20 sources in the collection, and effort was made to preserve sources unique to the collection. In total, four representative sources and five unique sources were selected for the archive. The archive samples contain 40 grams of plutonium with an isotopic composition similar to that of weapon grade material and three grams of plutonium with an isotopic composition similar to that of reactor grade plutonium.
Author :
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 70 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (683 download)
Download or read book Environmental Assessment Radioactive Source Recovery Program written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In a response to potential risks to public health and safety, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) is evaluating the recovery of sealed neutron sources under the Radioactive Source Recovery Program (RSRP). This proposed program would enhance the DOE's and the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission's (NRC's) joint capabilities in the safe management of commercially held radioactive source materials. Currently there are no federal or commercial options for the recovery, storage, or disposal of sealed neutron sources. This Environmental Assessment (EA) analyzes the potential environmental impacts that would be expected to occur if the DOE were to implement a program for the receipt and recovery at the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, New Mexico, of unwanted and excess plutonium-beryllium (238Pu-Be) and americium-beryllium (241Am-Be) sealed neutron sources. About 1 kg (2.2 lb) plutonium and 3 kg (6.6 lb) americium would be recovered over a 15-year project. Personnel at LANL would receive neutron sources from companies, universities, source brokers, and government agencies across the country. These neutron sources would be temporarily stored in floor holes at the CMR Hot Cell Facility. Recovery reduces the neutron emissions from the source material and refers to a process by which: (1) the stainless steel cladding is removed from the neutron source material, (2) the mixture of the radioactive material (Pu-238 or Am-241) and beryllium that constitutes the neutron source material is chemically separated (recovered), and (3) the recovered Pu-238 or Am-241 is converted to an oxide form (238PuO2 or 241AmO2). The proposed action would include placing the 238PuO2 or 241AmO2 in interim storage in a special nuclear material vault at the LANL Plutonium Facility.
Download or read book PLUTONIUM-BERYLLIUM NEUTRON SOURCES THEIR FABRICATION AND THEIR YIELD. written by and published by . This book was released on 1958 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An investigntion of the plutonium-beryllium phase diagram demonstrates the suitability of these alloys and most particularly the intermetallic compound PuBe13 for stable neutron sources. These sources are superior to polonium- beryllium sources in respect to sthbility of neutron yield as a iunction of time and the prediotability of neutroc yield as a function of mass. The gamma-ray emission of plutonium-beryllium sources is very much less intense than that associated with radium beryllium socrces of corresponding neutron strength. The neutron yield is discussed in terms of the microstrocture and in terms of the relative distrihation of plutonium isotopes. Properties of the compound PaBe/sub 13/ pertinent to source fabrication and a methed for preparing suitable material are described. Designs of cylindrical and spherical containers suitable for magnetic handling are presented. A technique for encapsulating the neutron emitting material and testing the integrity of the resulting source is described in detail. (auth).
Author : Donald Conrad Lawrence
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 228 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (228 download)
Download or read book Fast Neutron Dosimetry of a Plutonium-beryllium Source written by Donald Conrad Lawrence and published by . This book was released on 1958 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Paul F Whitworth (Jr)
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 62 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (227 download)
Download or read book Determination of Plutonium-Beryllium Source Strength by Manganese Activation written by Paul F Whitworth (Jr) and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this study the manganese-sulfate-bath technique was used to determine the total neutron output of a Plutonium-Beryllium neutron source. Activation trials were conducted using 4 different concentrations of manganese sulfate and 3 different size containers. Correction factors for source absorption, non-leakage, and resonance absorption were calculated using data generated by MORSE, a Monte Carlo neuron transport code. Values for these factors were calculated for manganese sulfate concentrations between 5.56% and 36.00%, and volumes from 17.2 to 160 liters in cylindrical containers. A source strength of 1.07 x 10 to the 7th + or - 3% neutrons per second was found by using experimentally measured manganese activity in conjunction with the computer-predicted correction factors.
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 852 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (129 download)
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 852 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Doug Reilly
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780160327247
Total Pages : 700 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (272 download)
Download or read book Passive Nondestructive Assay of Nuclear Materials written by Doug Reilly and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 700 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 400 pages
Book Rating : 4.X/5 (1 download)
Download or read book Radioactive Waste Management written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Eileen Welsome
Publisher : Delta
ISBN 13 : 0307767337
Total Pages : 724 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (77 download)
Download or read book The Plutonium Files written by Eileen Welsome and published by Delta. This book was released on 2010-10-20 with total page 724 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When the vast wartime factories of the Manhattan Project began producing plutonium in quantities never before seen on earth, scientists working on the top-secret bomb-building program grew apprehensive. Fearful that plutonium might cause a cancer epidemic among workers and desperate to learn more about what it could do to the human body, the Manhattan Project's medical doctors embarked upon an experiment in which eighteen unsuspecting patients in hospital wards throughout the country were secretly injected with the cancer-causing substance. Most of these patients would go to their graves without ever knowing what had been done to them. Now, in The Plutonium Files, Pulitzer Prize-winning reporter Eileen Welsome reveals for the first time the breadth of the extraordinary fifty-year cover-up surrounding the plutonium injections, as well as the deceitful nature of thousands of other experiments conducted on American citizens in the postwar years. Welsome's remarkable investigation spans the 1930s to the 1990s and draws upon hundreds of newly declassified documents and other primary sources to disclose this shadowy chapter in American history. She gives a voice to such innocents as Helen Hutchison, a young woman who entered a prenatal clinic in Nashville for a routine checkup and was instead given a radioactive "cocktail" to drink; Gordon Shattuck, one of several boys at a state school for the developmentally disabled in Massachusetts who was fed radioactive oatmeal for breakfast; and Maude Jacobs, a Cincinnati woman suffering from cancer and subjected to an experimental radiation treatment designed to help military planners learn how to win a nuclear war. Welsome also tells the stories of the scientists themselves, many of whom learned the ways of secrecy on the Manhattan Project. Among them are Stafford Warren, a grand figure whose bravado masked a cunning intelligence; Joseph Hamilton, who felt he was immune to the dangers of radiation only to suffer later from a fatal leukemia; and physician Louis Hempelmann, one of the most enthusiastic supporters of the plan to inject humans with potentially carcinogenic doses of plutonium. Hidden discussions of fifty years past are reconstructed here, wherein trusted government officials debated the ethical and legal implications of the experiments, demolishing forever the argument that these studies took place in a less enlightened era. Powered by her groundbreaking reportage and singular narrative gifts, Eileen Welsome has created a work of profound humanity as well as major historical significance. From the Hardcover edition.
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 942 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (555 download)
Download or read book Los Alamos National Laboratory Continued Operation Site-Wide written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 942 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 978 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Nuclear Science Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1974-07 with total page 978 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Energy and Water Development
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 3004 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 ( download)
Download or read book Energy and Water Development Appropriations for 2000: Department of Energy fiscal year 2000 budget justifications written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Energy and Water Development and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 3004 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 332 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (31 download)
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Howard Hu
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 204 pages
Book Rating : 4.X/5 (2 download)
Download or read book Plutonium, Deadly Gold of the Nuclear Age written by Howard Hu and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 800 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (555 download)
Download or read book Continued Operation of Los Alamos National Laboratory written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 800 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
