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Recovery Of Oregon Coast Coho Salmon Onchorhynchus Kitsutch Through Restoration Of Freshwater Habitats
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Book Synopsis Recovery of Oregon Coast Coho Salmon (Onchorhynchus Kitsutch) Through Restoration of Freshwater Habitats by : Andrew P. Lutz
Download or read book Recovery of Oregon Coast Coho Salmon (Onchorhynchus Kitsutch) Through Restoration of Freshwater Habitats written by Andrew P. Lutz and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pacific salmon populations are significantly lower than historic levels on the Western Coast of the United States. The Oregon Coast coho salmon Evolutionary Significant Unit (ESU) was listed as threatened under the Endangered Species Act in February 2008. The total number of adult coho salmon returning to Oregon Coast rivers today are between 5-20% of historic levels. Since the 1980s, restoration of freshwater habitat has become a common practice in the attempt to recover Pacific salmon populations. I used two databases, the Oregon Watershed Restoration Inventory, and the Salmon Recovery Tracker, to analyze habitat restoration and coho salmon population recovery on the Oregon Coast. A total of $145,620,716 was spent on 4,173 restoration projects on the Oregon Coast streams from 1997-2012. I hypothesized that the restoration actions had resulted in a significant increase in adult coho abundance on the Oregon Coast. My analysis showed that from 1994 to 2012 only 3 of the 21 independent populations from the ESU, the Alsea, Salmon, and Tillamook had statistically significant recovery. I ran a correlation between the rate of recovery and the amount spent on restoration for each ESU population. The rate of recovery increased as total dollars spent on restoration increased, but it was a very weak relationship. Additional monitoring and more advanced statistical analysis may provide a greater understanding of the relationship between coho salmon and their freshwater habitat.
Book Synopsis Final ESA Recovery Plan for Oregon Coast Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus Kisutch) by : United States. National Marine Fisheries Service
Download or read book Final ESA Recovery Plan for Oregon Coast Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus Kisutch) written by United States. National Marine Fisheries Service and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Oregon Coast coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) are protected under the Endangered Species Act (ESA). The fish spawn and rear in rivers, streams, and lakes along Oregon's coastline, from the Necanicum River near Seaside on the north to the Sixes River near Port Orford on the south (Figure S-1). NOAA's National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) first listed Oregon Coast coho salmon as a threatened species under the ESA in 1998. NMFS relisted the species in 2008 and reaffirmed the listing in 2011. This recovery plan (Plan) provides guidance to improve the viability of the species to the point that it meets the delisting criteria and no longer requires ESA protection. Under ESA direction, we need to resolve threats to the species and ensure the long-term persistence of naturally selfsustaining populations in the wild. Recovery direction for Oregon Coast coho salmon has one central overriding theme: to protect and restore the freshwater and estuarine rearing habitats that support juvenile survival and overall productivity. The Plan builds on past and current efforts to restore the coho salmon. In particular, this plan calls for continued actions to repair the ecosystem processes that influence the health and stability of the rearing habitats for juvenile coho salmon. The actions will also benefit many other fish and wildlife species, and could provide aid to land owners and local communities"--Introduction.
Download or read book Coastal Salmon Conservation written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Scientific Conclusions of the Status Review for Oregon Coast Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus Kisutch) by : Heather A. Stout
Download or read book Scientific Conclusions of the Status Review for Oregon Coast Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus Kisutch) written by Heather A. Stout and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book From the Edge written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Return to the River by : Richard N. Williams
Download or read book Return to the River written by Richard N. Williams and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2005-11-21 with total page 720 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Return to the River will describe a new ecosystem-based approach to the restoration of salmon and steelhead populations in the Columbia River, once one of the most productive river basins for anadromous salmonids on the west coast of North America. The approach of this work has broad applicability to all recovery efforts throughout the northern hemisphere and general applicability to fisheries and aquatic restoration efforts throughout the world. The Pacific Northwest is now embroiled in a major public policy debate over the management and restoration of Pacific salmon. The outcome of the debate has the potential to affect major segments of the region's economy - river transportation, hydroelectric production, irrigated agriculture, urban growth, commercial and sport fisheries, etc. This debate, centered as it is on the salmon in all the rivers, has created a huge demand for information. The book will be a powerful addition to that debate. A 15 year collaboration by a diverse group of scientists working on the management and recovery of salmon, steelhead trout, and wildlife populations in the Pacific Northwest Includes over 200 figures, with four-color throughout the book Discusses complex issues such as habitat degradation, juvenile survival through the hydrosystem, the role of artificial production, and harvest reform
Book Synopsis Final Recovery Plan for the Southern Oregon/northern California Coast Evolutionarily Significant Unit of Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus Kisutch) by :
Download or read book Final Recovery Plan for the Southern Oregon/northern California Coast Evolutionarily Significant Unit of Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus Kisutch) written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 1841 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Habitat Rehabilitation for Inland Fisheries by : Philip Roni
Download or read book Habitat Rehabilitation for Inland Fisheries written by Philip Roni and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2005 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This technical paper reviews current information on the effectiveness of habitat rehabilitation techniques for inland fisheries, based on published evaluations of projects including studies on roads improvements and sediment reduction, riparian and floodplain rehabilitation, placement of habitat structures in lakes and streams, and the addition of nutrients to increase aquatic production. It also sets out information on planning, prioritising and monitoring rehabilitation projects.
Book Synopsis Endangered and Threatened Species ; Threatened Status for Southern Oregon/Northern California Coast Evolutionarily Significant Unit (ESU) of Coho Salmon by :
Download or read book Endangered and Threatened Species ; Threatened Status for Southern Oregon/Northern California Coast Evolutionarily Significant Unit (ESU) of Coho Salmon written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Identification of Physical Habitats Limiting the Production of Coho Salmon in Western Oregon and Washington by : Gordon H. Reeves
Download or read book Identification of Physical Habitats Limiting the Production of Coho Salmon in Western Oregon and Washington written by Gordon H. Reeves and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Review of Strategies for Recovering Tributary Habitat by : Robert E. Bilby
Download or read book Review of Strategies for Recovering Tributary Habitat written by Robert E. Bilby and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2009-11 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Whether tributary habitat improvements have achieved, or are likely to achieve, the goal of recovering conditions favoring the production of salmonids in the Columbia River Basin is unclear. This report reviews the approaches, assessment procedures, and implementation strategies for habit improvement. It examines topics central to the recovery of tributary habitat: (1) the biological objectives related to habitat recovery; (2) the strategies for implementing restoration; (3) the incentives for implementing restoration; (4) the scientific foundation for habitat recovery; and (5) monitoring and evaluation. This review answers the question: What concepts and strategies should be incorporated in habitat recovery actions to improve their chances for success? Illus.
Book Synopsis Pacific Salmon & their Ecosystems by : Deanna J. Stouder
Download or read book Pacific Salmon & their Ecosystems written by Deanna J. Stouder and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-02-02 with total page 681 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The symposium "Pacific Salmon and Their Ecosystems: Status and Future Options',' and this book resulted from initial efforts in 1992 by Robert J. Naiman and Deanna J. Stouder to examine the problem of declining Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.). Our primary goal was to determine informational gaps. As we explored different scientific sources, state, provincial, and federal agencies, as well as non-profit and fishing organizations, we found that the information existed but was not being communicated across institutional and organizational boundaries. At this juncture, we decided to create a steering committee and plan a symposium to bring together researchers, managers, and resource users. The steering committee consisted of members from state and federal agencies, non-profit organizations, and private industry (see Acknowledgments for names and affiliations). In February 1993, we met at the University of Washington in Seattle to begin planning the symposium. The steering committee spent the next four months developing the conceptual framework for the symposium and the subsequent book. Our objectives were to accomplish the following: (1) assess changes in anadromous Pacific Northwest salmonid populations, (2) examine factors responsible for those changes, and (3) identify options available to society to restore Pacific salmon in the Northwest. The symposium on Pacific Salmon was held in Seattle, Washington, January 10-12, 1994. Four hundred and thirty-five people listened to oral presentations and examined more than forty posters over two and a half days. We made a deliberate attempt to draw in speakers and attendees from outside the Pacific Northwest.
Book Synopsis Contribution of Subyearling Estuarine Migrant Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus Kisutch) to Spawning Populations on the Southern Oregon Coast by : Katherine E. Nordholm
Download or read book Contribution of Subyearling Estuarine Migrant Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus Kisutch) to Spawning Populations on the Southern Oregon Coast written by Katherine E. Nordholm and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The typical coho salmon life history has been characterized by juvenile fish that spend their entire first year in freshwater habitats before migrating into estuaries as smolts. However, reports of early migrating coho fry (age 0), including migration downstream to estuarine habitats, date back to the 1960s. Until a few years ago, these individuals were considered to be displaced surplus fish with low chances of survival. Recent studies have suggested that subyearling estuarine migrating coho salmon could be an alternative life history in coastal populations, but their return as jacks or mature adults needed to be documented for this life history to be considered a viable strategy. The goal of our study was to track the return of spawning coho salmon that had been individually tagged in either estuarine or riverine nursery habitats, and determine return percentages for each life history strategy as well as independently verify the presence of subyearling estuarine migrating coho salmon through otolith analysis on spawning populations. We used Passive Integrated Transponder (PIT) tags to identify individual fish as they passed through a series of antennas deployed in two coastal lowland streams on the southern Oregon coast. Percentage return of estuary tagged parr (fish e"60 mm tagged in spring and summer of their first year) was variable between years and streams. For the 2010 return year, subyearling estuarine migrants was 2.5 times higher than stream residents in Palouse Creek. Fork length at estuary entrance was reconstructed for one return year of spawning fish based on otolith Sr:Ca and Br:Ca. Four main life history strategies were identified based on their fork length at time of estuary/ocean entrance: early migrating fry (60 mm fork length), early migrating parr (60 - 70 mm fork length), early migrating parr that returned to freshwater before migrating as yearlings ("nomads"), and yearling migrating smolts ( 70 mm fork length). Overall, 30% (Larson Creek) to 42% (Palouse Creek) of the 2009 spawning run was made up of fish that displayed evidence of estuarine residence during their first year. This study confirms that subyearling estuarine migrating coho salmon survive to reproductive age and contribute to subsequent generations. The survival of this life history type likely varies between years with changing ocean and stream conditions. It is hypothesized that their life history serves as a "bet hedging" strategy that supports coastal populations in years of poor stream conditions. In the face of rising sea levels, this life history may represent a key to the future viability of coho salmon stocks in coastal watersheds.
Book Synopsis Juvenile Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus Kisutch) Diet in Brackish and Freshwater Habitats in the Stream-estuary Ecotones of Coos Bay, Oregon by : Kailan F. Mackereth
Download or read book Juvenile Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus Kisutch) Diet in Brackish and Freshwater Habitats in the Stream-estuary Ecotones of Coos Bay, Oregon written by Kailan F. Mackereth and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Loss of lowland estuarine and freshwater off-channel habitats along the Pacific Northwest coast has contributed to the decline of salmonid populations. These habitats serve as nursery grounds for juvenile salmonids providing them with food, winter shelter, and a transition zone between freshwater and saltwater. Lowland areas have undergone anthropogenic alterations (e.g., installation of tide gates, construction of dikes, channelization) to increase the net area of land suitable for agriculture and development resulting in watershed fragmentation and reduction in the amount of habitats with high intrinsic potential to support populations of juvenile salmonids. Until recent years, sub-yearling coho salmon found in lowland riverine habitats and estuarine marshes were assumed to have been displaced from optimal upland reaches by competition and high water discharge. Recent studies have concluded that early estuarine migrant behavior is volitional and these fish return as 20-40% of the spawning population, but there are few studies that delve into the capacity of estuarine habitat to support early estuarine life history strategies in systems heavily altered by human practices. This study documented differences in diet and condition factor (K) between sub-yearling and yearling coho salmon foraging concurrently in brackish or freshwater lowland habitat of the upper estuarine intertidal zone. Fish stomach contents were sampled by means of gastric lavage in three coastal lowland creeks in Coos Bay on the southern Oregon coast. Prey found in the samples were sorted, counted, identified, and dried to obtain dry weight biomass. Condition factor (K) and total dry weight prey biomass of fishes were not different between brackish and freshwater habitat; however, non-metric multidimensional scaling indicated that prey composition was substantially different between habitat and age class. These findings suggest that early migrating sub-yearlings and yearling smolts diverge in their diets whether they occupy the same or different habitats in the stream to estuary transition zone. Insects were important prey within the diets of yearling and sub-yearling freshwater foragers and sub-yearling brackish water foragers while crustaceans were important in the diets of yearling brackish water foragers. Future research exploring prey abundance and availability in relation to prey selected by juvenile coho salmon would denote habitat foraging quality and habitat exploitation by early estuarine migrants. Expanding this research to contrast natural intertidal habitats with those regulated by tide gates would be beneficial towards understanding the impact different styles of tide gates have on biotic communities and hydrological attributes (e.g., flow, chemistry, temperature, tidal exchange). Identification of factors that influence habitat selection in the stream-estuary ecotone by alternative early life history strategies of juvenile coho salmon is essential towards enhancing genetic diversity thereby strengthening the resiliency of the population.
Book Synopsis The Size of the Oregon Coastal Salmon Runs in the Mid-1800s by : Chad C. Meengs
Download or read book The Size of the Oregon Coastal Salmon Runs in the Mid-1800s written by Chad C. Meengs and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract.- Increasing the abundance of salmon in coastal Oregon rivers and streams is a high priority public policy objective. Salmon runs have been reduced from pre-development conditions (typically defined as the 1 850s), but it is unclear by how much. Considerable resources have been allocated to restoring salmon runs, but it is uncertain what the current recovery potential is because much of the freshwater and estuarine habitat for salmon has been altered. The goals of all recovery efforts are based on assumptions, often unstated, for what the size if the runs were prior to significant habitat alteration, coupled with an estimate of the amount and quality of freshwater and estuarine habitat currently available. At one extreme, it may be that current run sizes reflect the recovery potential of the existing salmon habitat. At the other extreme, the recovery potential may be as high as the mid 1800 levels. Historical salmon runs sizes on the Oregon coast were estimated using two methods: (1) Converting aboriginal population levels and their salmon consumption rate into numbers of salmon; (2) Extrapolating cannery pack into numbers of salmon. Annual aboriginal harvest of all salmon species is estimated to have been approximately 10 million pounds/year or between 1.75 million and 5.36 million salmonids, a harvest level similar to that occurring during the height of commercial fishing on Oregon's coastal rivers in the late 1 800s and early 1 900s. Extrapolating cannery pack data, the estimated size of the late 1 800s aggregate runs of coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch) was 1.5-2.5 million. The estimated size of aggregate runs of chinook (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) runs was 290,000-517,000. Compared to mid 1 800s coho estimates, current runs (during favorable ocean conditions), are 11-19%. During poor ocean conditions, current coho runs are 3-6% of the historical size.
Book Synopsis Floodplains by : Jeffrey J. Opperman
Download or read book Floodplains written by Jeffrey J. Opperman and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2017-09-05 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Introduction to temperate floodplains -- Hydrology -- Floodplain and geomorphology -- Biogeochemistry -- Ecology: introduction -- Floodplain forests -- Primary and secondary production -- Fish and other vertebrates -- Ecosystem services and floodplain reconciliation -- Floodplains as green infrastructure -- Case studies of floodplain management and reconciliation -- Central Valley floodplains: introduction and history -- Central Valley floodplains today -- Reconciling Central Valley floodplains -- Conclusions: managing temperate floodplains for multiple benefits
Book Synopsis Factors Affecting Coho Salmon Production in Oregon by : Dennis Leslie Scarnecchia
Download or read book Factors Affecting Coho Salmon Production in Oregon written by Dennis Leslie Scarnecchia and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Eight scale characters of known hatchery and wild coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) were compared, and a linear discriminant function was used to determine if hatchery and wild adult coho salmon could be correctly identified by their scales. Eighty-two percent of the hatchery and 89% of the wild fish were correctly identified. Based on analysis of scales from adult salmon of unknown origin (hatchery or wild) and the estimated catch of hatchery coho (marked) taken by the Oregon sport fishery, concluded that 74.9% of the fish caught in the ocean from mid-June to mid-September 1977 had been released as smelts from hatcheries. Percentages of hatchery fish in the catch ranged from 85% near the mouth of the Columbia River to 61% at Winchester Bay on the southern Oregon coast. Fisheries on the south and central Oregon coast may have fished on higher percentages of wild coho salmon later in the season, probably because wild fish from coastal streams remained off of these ports while most fish destined for Columbia River hatcheries had already migrated northward. Scales from coho salmon were used to determine if location on the body from which they were taken would affect the values of five scale characters. Scales obtained from within a relatively small area above the lateral line between the dorsal and adipose fins differed widely in total radius, in radius of the freshwater zone, and in number of circuli in the freshwater zone. Scales taken farther above the lateral line had significantly lower values for all five characters observed. I conclude that substantial error can be introduced into interpretation of scale data if care is not taken to insure that scales from each fish come from precisely the same area of the body. A well chosen scrape sample yielded a result as satisfactory as that of a "preferred" or "key" scale. To investigate the relationship between streamflow and abundance of coho salmon, I correlated flow from several Oregon coastal rivers with catch of coho salmon from these rivers and with catch from the Oregon commercial troll fishery. I found a highly significant relationship between total streamflows during the freshwater residency of the fish for five Oregon coastal rivers combined and pounds of adult coho salmon caught by the Oregon commercial troll fishery from 1942 to 1962. There is also a significant relationship between total combined annual (January-December) flows for these rivers and a catch 2 years later. Conversely, I found a poor relationship between the lowest 60 consecutive days of summer flow and 2 two years later. I also found significant relationships between annual flows and catch in Tillamook Bay from 1934 to 1946. Only on the Siletz River from 1927 to 1940 do find a significant relationship between summer flows and catch. Higher flows during the freshwater stages of coho salmon probably provide more habitat and better conditions for growth as well as lessen susceptibility of fry and smelts to predation. I concluded that the relationships I found should probably not be used now to predict abundance of wild coho salmon because of (l) the unknown interaction between wild and hatchery fish, and (2) the preponderance of hatchery fish in the catch.
