Reconfigurable Antenna Design And Analysis

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Reconfigurable Antenna Design and Analysis

Author : Mohammod Ali
Publisher : Artech House
ISBN 13 : 1630817082
Total Pages : 310 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (38 download)

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Book Synopsis Reconfigurable Antenna Design and Analysis by : Mohammod Ali

Download or read book Reconfigurable Antenna Design and Analysis written by Mohammod Ali and published by Artech House. This book was released on 2021-05-31 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This exciting new book focuses on the analysis and design of reconfigurable antennas for modern wireless communications, sensing, and radar. It presents the definitions of basic antenna parameters, an overview of RF switches and explains how to characterize their insertion loss, isolation, and power handling issues. Basic reconfigurable antenna building blocks, such as dipoles, monopoles, patches and slots are described, followed by presentations on frequency reconfigurable antennas, pattern reconfigurable antennas, and basic scanning antenna arrays. Switch biasing in an electromagnetic environment is discussed, as well as simulation strategies of reconfigurable antennas, and MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) reconfigurable antennas. Performance characterization of reconfigurable antennas is also presented. The book provides information for the technical professional to design frequency reconfigurable, pattern reconfigurable, and MIMO antennas all relevant for modern wireless communication systems. Readers learn how to select switching devices, bias them properly, and understand their role in the overall reconfigurable antenna design. The book presents practical experimental implementation issues, including losses due to switches, materials, and EMI (Electromagnetic Interference) and shows how to address those.

Antenna Design for Narrowband IoT

Author : Balachandra Pattanaik
Publisher : Engineering Science Reference
ISBN 13 : 9781799893158
Total Pages : 315 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (931 download)

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Book Synopsis Antenna Design for Narrowband IoT by : Balachandra Pattanaik

Download or read book Antenna Design for Narrowband IoT written by Balachandra Pattanaik and published by Engineering Science Reference. This book was released on 2022 with total page 315 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The purpose of this book is to provide an antenna design concept for Narrowband Internet of Things Applications and to discuss the variety of antenna design concepts and structures for various industrial requirements"--

Emerging Materials and Advanced Designs for Wearable Antennas

Author : Singh, Vinod Kumar
Publisher : IGI Global
ISBN 13 : 1799876128
Total Pages : 210 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (998 download)

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Book Synopsis Emerging Materials and Advanced Designs for Wearable Antennas by : Singh, Vinod Kumar

Download or read book Emerging Materials and Advanced Designs for Wearable Antennas written by Singh, Vinod Kumar and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2021-03-19 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bendable wearable materials like conductive strands, fluid metallic mixes, and polymer in paper are generally utilized as a part of the current adaptable electronic gadgets. Extra necessities are implemented in wearable applications. Characteristic elastic, for example, is an appealing exchange adaptable material that is biocompatible and offers high conductivity, low lost, simplicity to make, and most importantly, it is water/climate safe and condition amicable. The wearable antenna is one of the key components to establish body area network (BAN) for wireless communication, which is why it has become such an important part of antenna research. Wearable antennas are being applied successfully in various parts of life such as health monitoring, physical training, navigation, RFID, medicine, military, and more. Emerging Materials and Advanced Designs for Wearable Antennas explores how wearable antenna technology is being employed to enhance the quality of life in various industries. The technologies implemented and success of these antenna technologies is essential in the emerging field of wearable computing and is discussed in detail within the contents of this book. While covering essential topics such as the optimization of antenna material, improvement in flexible antenna performance, synthesis and design aspects of antennas, and transmission and receiving of the bendable antenna, this book is ideal for the military field, scientists, the medical field, practitioners, stakeholders, researchers, academicians, and students looking for the most advanced and updated research on the technology and implementation of wearable antennas spanning multiple industries.

Antenna Design for Cognitive Radio

Author : Youssef Tawk
Publisher : Artech House
ISBN 13 : 1630813699
Total Pages : 289 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (38 download)

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Book Synopsis Antenna Design for Cognitive Radio by : Youssef Tawk

Download or read book Antenna Design for Cognitive Radio written by Youssef Tawk and published by Artech House. This book was released on 2016-06-30 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This one-of-a-kind new resource presents cognitive radio from an antenna design perspective and introduces the concept of cognitive radio as a protocol that benefits from under-utilized regions of the spectrum. This book covers topics that govern the operation of a cognitive radio and discusses the use of reconfigurable antennas, reconfigurable filtennas, and MIMO antennas for cognitive radio. The analysis and design of different antenna systems are presented, compared and evaluated. New approaches to improve spectrum efficiency are explored by demonstrating how to design software controlled cognitive radio antenna systems. This new resource shows how to communicate using either interweave or underlay cognitive radio and demonstrates the benefits of designing appropriate sensing and communicating antennas. The first part of the book introduces the basic concept of cognitive radio and discusses the difference between cognitive radio and software defined radio from the RF system 's perspective. The second part of the book discusses the main antenna design requirements, procedures and challenges for cognitive radio. The third part of the book introduces new trends in cognitive radio implementation such as the implementation of MIMO antennas on cognitive radio, the use of machine learning techniques to optimize the performance of a cognitive radio environment, and the implementation of cognitive radar and cognitive radio in space.

Multifunctional Antennas and Arrays for Wireless Communication Systems

Author : Satish K. Sharma
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119535050
Total Pages : 466 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (195 download)

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Book Synopsis Multifunctional Antennas and Arrays for Wireless Communication Systems by : Satish K. Sharma

Download or read book Multifunctional Antennas and Arrays for Wireless Communication Systems written by Satish K. Sharma and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-05-04 with total page 466 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: MULTIFUNCTIONAL ANTENNAS AND ARRAYS FOR WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS Offers an up-to-date discussion of multifunctional antennas and arrays for wireless communication systems Multifunctional Antennas and Arrays for Wireless Communication Systems is a comprehensive reference on state-of-the-art reconfigurable antennas and 4G/5G communication antennas. The book gives a unique perspective while giving a comprehensive overview of the following topics: Frequency reconfigurable antennas Pattern reconfigurable antennas Polarization reconfigurable antennas Reconfigurable antennas using Liquid Metal, Piezoelectric, and RF MEMS MIMO and 4G/5G wireless communication antennas Metamaterials and metasurfaces in reconfigurable antennas Multifunctional antennas for user equipments (UEs) Defense related antennas and applications Flat panel phased array antennas The book is a valuable resource for the practicing engineer as well as for those within the research field. As wireless communications continuously evolves, more and more functionally will be required, and thus multifunctional antennas and RF systems will be necessary. These multifunctional antennas will require a degree of reconfigurability, and this book discusses various methods which enable this. The main topics of frequency, pattern, and polarization reconfigurability is first discussed. Methods utilizing unique materials and devices, both real and artificial are discussed. The book also delves into 4G/5G antennas as it relates to MIMO, and millimeter-wave phased arrays. Finally, there is a section on defense related multifunctional RF antenna systems.

Antennas

Author : Yi Huang
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0470772921
Total Pages : 378 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (77 download)

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Book Synopsis Antennas by : Yi Huang

Download or read book Antennas written by Yi Huang and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-09-15 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Practical, concise and complete reference for the basics of modern antenna design Antennas: from Theory to Practice discusses the basics of modern antenna design and theory. Developed specifically for engineers and designers who work with radio communications, radar and RF engineering, this book offers practical and hands-on treatment of antenna theory and techniques, and provides its readers the skills to analyse, design and measure various antennas. Key features: Provides thorough coverage on the basics of transmission lines, radio waves and propagation, and antenna analysis and design Discusses industrial standard design software tools, and antenna measurement equipment, facilities and techniques Covers electrically small antennas, mobile antennas, UWB antennas and new materials for antennas Also discusses reconfigurable antennas, RFID antennas, Wide-band and multi-band antennas, radar antennas, and MIMO antennas Design examples of various antennas are provided Written in a practical and concise manner by authors who are experts in antenna design, with experience from both academia and industry This book will be an invaluable resource for engineers and designers working in RF engineering, radar and radio communications, seeking a comprehensive and practical introduction to the basics of antenna design. The book can also be used as a textbook for advanced students entering a profession in this field.

International Conference on Artificial Intelligence: Advances and Applications 2019

Author : Garima Mathur
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9811510598
Total Pages : 393 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (115 download)

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Book Synopsis International Conference on Artificial Intelligence: Advances and Applications 2019 by : Garima Mathur

Download or read book International Conference on Artificial Intelligence: Advances and Applications 2019 written by Garima Mathur and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-02-28 with total page 393 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book introduces research presented at the “International Conference on Artificial Intelligence: Advances and Applications-2019 (ICAIAA 2019),” a two-day conference and workshop bringing together leading academicians, researchers as well as students to share their experiences and findings on all aspects of engineering applications of artificial intelligence. The book covers research in the areas of artificial intelligence, machine learning, and deep learning applications in health care, agriculture, business and security. It also includes research in core concepts of computer networks, intelligent system design and deployment, real-time systems, WSN, sensors and sensor nodes, SDN and NFV. As such it is a valuable resource for students, academics and practitioners in industry working on AI applications.

Advances in Smart Communication and Imaging Systems

Author : Rajeev Agrawal
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9811599386
Total Pages : 736 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (115 download)

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Book Synopsis Advances in Smart Communication and Imaging Systems by : Rajeev Agrawal

Download or read book Advances in Smart Communication and Imaging Systems written by Rajeev Agrawal and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-04-13 with total page 736 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents select and peer-reviewed proceedings of the International Conference on Smart Communication and Imaging Systems (MedCom 2020). The contents explore the recent technological advances in the field of next generation communication systems and latest techniques for image processing, analysis and their related applications. The topics include design and development of smart, secure and reliable future communication networks; satellite, radar and microwave techniques for intelligent communication. The book also covers methods and applications of GIS and remote sensing; medical image analysis and its applications in smart health. This book can be useful for students, researchers and professionals working in the field of communication systems and image processing.

Handbook of Research on Nurturing Industrial Economy for Africa’s Development

Author : Nafukho, Frederick Muyia
Publisher : IGI Global
ISBN 13 : 1799864723
Total Pages : 510 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (998 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook of Research on Nurturing Industrial Economy for Africa’s Development by : Nafukho, Frederick Muyia

Download or read book Handbook of Research on Nurturing Industrial Economy for Africa’s Development written by Nafukho, Frederick Muyia and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2021-03-19 with total page 510 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A robust manufacturing sector is a necessity and a sufficient condition for any country’s human and economic development as it creates employment and alleviates poverty. During this Fourth Industrial Revolution era, there is an urgent need in Africa to optimally utilize the existing resources to support manufacturing or else risk allowing the continent to fall behind in the industrial economy. Innovative strategies are needed that can unlock Africa’s manufacturing potential by exploring key areas that may help Africa mature and launch modernized economies that will benefit the developed world’s industrial economy. The Handbook of Research on Nurturing Industrial Economy for Africa’s Development examines various innovations necessary for Africa’s economic development including drivers of the manufacturing economy such as education, agriculture, human capital, science and technological innovations, language, politics, and business environments. The book explores strategies to increase Africa’s economic diversity, complexity, productivity, and ultimately competitiveness, and for the continent to realize its manufacturing/industrial potential. Further, chapters focus on African countries’ industrial economies in the African context and facilitating the fulfillment of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the African Union’s Agenda 2063. This book is a valuable reference tool for government officials, economists, industrialists, practitioners, stakeholders, researchers, academicians, and students interested in the industrial economic development of Africa.

WiMAX

Author : Syed A. Ahson
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1420045482
Total Pages : 246 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis WiMAX by : Syed A. Ahson

Download or read book WiMAX written by Syed A. Ahson and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-10-03 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the demand for broadband services continues to grow worldwide, traditional solutions, such as digital cable and fiber optics, are often difficult and expensive to implement, especially in rural and remote areas. The emerging WiMAX system satisfies the growing need for high data-rate applications such as voiceover IP, video conferencing, interactive gaming, and multimedia streaming. WiMAX deployments not only serve residential and enterprise users but can also be deployed as a backhaul for Wi-Fi hotspots or 3G cellular towers. By providing affordable wireless broadband access, the technology of WiMAX will revolutionize broadband communications in the developed world and bridge the digital divide in developing countries. Part of the WiMAX Handbook, this volume focuses on the applications of WiMAX. The book describes the logical architecture of IEEE 802.16, introduces some of the main IEEE 802.16 family standards, compares WiMAX to Wi-Fi, and studies the feasibility of supporting VoIP over WiMAX. It also looks at the residential use of WiMAX as well as the strategies of using WiMAX in remote locales and rural communities. In addition, the book examines the backhaul requirements of a large fixed wireless network and the problem of centralized routing and scheduling for IEEE 802.16 mesh networks. With the revolutionary technology of WiMAX, the lives of many will undoubtedly improve, thereby leading to greater economic empowerment.

Planar Antennas

Author : Praveen Kumar Malik
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1000436101
Total Pages : 365 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (4 download)

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Book Synopsis Planar Antennas by : Praveen Kumar Malik

Download or read book Planar Antennas written by Praveen Kumar Malik and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-10-21 with total page 365 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive reference text discusses fundamental concepts, applications, design techniques, and challenges in the field of planar antennas. The text focuses on recent advances in the field of planar antenna design and their applications in various fields of research, including space communication, mobile communication, wireless communication, and wearable applications. This resource presents planar antenna design concepts, methods, and techniques to enhance the performance parameters and applications for IoTs and device-to-device communication. The latest techniques used in antenna design, including their structures defected ground, MIMO, and fractal design, are discussed comprehensively. The text will be useful for senior undergraduate students, graduate students, and academic researchers in fields including electrical engineering, electronics, and communication engineering.

Analysis and Design of Transmitarray Antennas

Author : Ahmed H. Abdelrahman
Publisher : Morgan & Claypool Publishers
ISBN 13 : 1627057064
Total Pages : 177 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (27 download)

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Book Synopsis Analysis and Design of Transmitarray Antennas by : Ahmed H. Abdelrahman

Download or read book Analysis and Design of Transmitarray Antennas written by Ahmed H. Abdelrahman and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2017-01-18 with total page 177 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, transmitarray antennas have attracted growing interest with many antenna researchers. Transmitarrays combines both optical and antenna array theory, leading to a low profile design with high gain, high radiation efficiency, and versatile radiation performance for many wireless communication systems. In this book, comprehensive analysis, new methodologies, and novel designs of transmitarray antennas are presented. Detailed analysis for the design of planar space-fed array antennas is presented. The basics of aperture field distribution and the analysis of the array elements are described. The radiation performances (directivity and gain) are discussed using array theory approach, and the impacts of element phase errors are demonstrated. The performance of transmitarray design using multilayer frequency selective surfaces (M-FSS) approach is carefully studied, and the transmission phase limit which are generally independent from the selection of a specific element shape is revealed. The maximum transmission phase range is determined based on the number of layers, substrate permittivity, and the separations between layers. In order to reduce the transmitarray design complexity and cost, three different methods have been investigated. As a result, one design is performed using quad-layer cross-slot elements with no dielectric material and another using triple-layer spiral dipole elements. Both designs were fabricated and tested at X-Band for deep space communications. Furthermore, the radiation pattern characteristics were studied under different feed polarization conditions and oblique angles of incident field from the feed. New design methodologies are proposed to improve the bandwidth of transmitarray antennas through the control of the transmission phase range of the elements. These design techniques are validated through the fabrication and testing of two quad-layer transmitarray antennas at Ku-band. A single-feed quad-beam transmitarray antenna with 50 degrees elevation separation between the beams is investigated, designed, fabricated, and tested at Ku-band. In summary, various challenges in the analysis and design of transmitarray antennas are addressed in this book. New methodologies to improve the bandwidth of transmitarray antennas have been demonstrated. Several prototypes have been fabricated and tested, demonstrating the desirable features and potential new applications of transmitarray antennas.

Modern Antenna Handbook

Author : Constantine A. Balanis
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118209753
Total Pages : 1617 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (182 download)

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Book Synopsis Modern Antenna Handbook by : Constantine A. Balanis

Download or read book Modern Antenna Handbook written by Constantine A. Balanis and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-09-20 with total page 1617 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The most up-to-date, comprehensive treatment of classical and modern antennas and their related technologies Modern Antenna Handbook represents the most current and complete thinking in the field of antennas. The handbook is edited by one of the most recognizable, prominent, and prolific authors, educators, and researchers on antennas and electromagnetics. Each chapter is authored by one or more leading international experts and includes cover-age of current and future antenna-related technology. The information is of a practical nature and is intended to be useful for researchers as well as practicing engineers. From the fundamental parameters of antennas to antennas for mobile wireless communications and medical applications, Modern Antenna Handbook covers everything professional engineers, consultants, researchers, and students need to know about the recent developments and the future direction of this fast-paced field. In addition to antenna topics, the handbook also covers modern technologies such as metamaterials, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), frequency selective surfaces (FSS), and radar cross sections (RCS) and their applications to antennas, while five chapters are devoted to advanced numerical/computational methods targeted primarily for the analysis and design of antennas.

Characteristic Modes

Author : Yikai Chen
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119038421
Total Pages : 291 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (19 download)

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Book Synopsis Characteristic Modes by : Yikai Chen

Download or read book Characteristic Modes written by Yikai Chen and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-06-15 with total page 291 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Describes how to systematically implement various characteristic mode (CM) theories into designs of practical antenna systems This book examines both theoretical developments of characteristic modes (CMs) and practical developments of CM-based methodologies for a variety of critical antenna designs. The book is divided into six chapters. Chapter 1 provides an introduction and discusses the recent advances of the CM theory and its applications in antenna engineering. Chapter 2 describes the formulation of the characteristic mode theory for perfectly electrically conducting (PEC) bodies and discusses its numerical implementations. Chapter 3 presents the CM theory for PEC structures embedded in multilayered medium and its applications. Chapter 4 covers recent advances in CM theory for dielectric bodies and also their applications. Chapter 5 discusses the CM theory for N-port networks and its applications to the design of antenna arrays. Finally, Chapter 6 discusses the design of platform-integrated antenna systems using characteristic modes. This book features the following: Introduces characteristic mode theories for various electromagnetic structures including PEC bodies, structures in multilayered medium, dielectric bodies, and N-port networks Examines CM applications in electrically small antennas, microstrip patch antennas, dielectric resonator antennas, multiport antennas, antenna arrays, and platform mounted antenna systems Discusses numerical algorithms for the implementation of the characteristic mode theories in computer code Characteristic Modes: Theory and Applications in Antenna Engineering will help antenna researchers, engineers, and students find new solutions for their antenna design challenges.

Frontiers in Antennas: Next Generation Design & Engineering

Author : Frank Gross
Publisher : McGraw Hill Professional
ISBN 13 : 007163794X
Total Pages : 545 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (716 download)

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Book Synopsis Frontiers in Antennas: Next Generation Design & Engineering by : Frank Gross

Download or read book Frontiers in Antennas: Next Generation Design & Engineering written by Frank Gross and published by McGraw Hill Professional. This book was released on 2010-12-22 with total page 545 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The state of the art in antenna design and engineering Edited by one of the world's foremost authorities on smart antennas and featuring contributions from global experts, Frontiers in Antennas discusses the latest advances in antenna design and engineering. This pioneering guide deals primarily with frontier antenna designs and frontier numerical methods. Many of the concepts presented have emerged within the last few years and are still in a rapid state of development. Each chapter provides in-depth details on a unique and modern antenna technology. Frontiers in Antennas covers: Ultra-wideband antenna arrays using fractal, polyfractal, and aperiodic geometries Smart antennas using evolutionary signal processing methods The latest developments in Vivaldi antenna arrays Effective media models applied to artificial magnetic conductors and high impedance surfaces Novel developments in metamaterial antennas Biological antenna design methods using genetic algorithms Contact and parasitic methods applied to reconfigurable antennas Antennas in medicine: ingestible capsule antennas using conformal meandered methods Leaky-wave antennas Plasma antennas which can electronically appear and disappear Numerical methods in antenna modeling using time, frequency, and conformal domain decomposition methods

Microstrip and Printed Antennas

Author : Debatosh Guha
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119972981
Total Pages : 512 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (199 download)

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Book Synopsis Microstrip and Printed Antennas by : Debatosh Guha

Download or read book Microstrip and Printed Antennas written by Debatosh Guha and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-02-02 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on new techniques, analysis, applications and future trends of microstrip and printed antenna technologies, with particular emphasis to recent advances from the last decade Attention is given to fundamental concepts and techniques, their practical applications and the future scope of developments. Several topics, essayed as individual chapters include reconfigurable antenna, ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna, reflectarrays, antennas for RFID systems and also those for body area networks. Also included are antennas using metamaterials and defected ground structures (DGSs). Essential aspects including advanced design, analysis and optimization techniques based on the recent developments have also been addressed. Key Features: Addresses emerging hot topics of research and applications in microstrip and printed antennas Considers the fundamental concepts, techniques, applications and future scope of such technologies Discusses modern applications such as wireless base station to mobile handset, satellite earth station to airborne communication systems, radio frequency identification (RFID) to body area networks, etc. Contributions from highly regarded experts and pioneers from the US, Europe and Asia This book provides a reference for R&D researchers, professors, practicing engineers, and scientists working in these fields. Graduate students studying/working on related subjects will find this book as a comprehensive literature for understanding the present and future trends in microstrip and printed antennas.

Design of Reconfigurable Antennas Using Graph Models

Author : Joseph Costantine
Publisher : Morgan & Claypool Publishers
ISBN 13 : 1627050256
Total Pages : 150 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (27 download)

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Book Synopsis Design of Reconfigurable Antennas Using Graph Models by : Joseph Costantine

Download or read book Design of Reconfigurable Antennas Using Graph Models written by Joseph Costantine and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2013-07-01 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This lecture discusses the use of graph models to represent reconfigurable antennas. The rise of antennas that adapt to their environment and change their operation based on the user's request hasn't been met with clear design guidelines. There is a need to propose some rules for the optimization of any reconfigurable antenna design and performance. Since reconfigurable antennas are seen as a collection of self-organizing parts, graph models can be introduced to relate each possible topology to a corresponding electromagnetic performance in terms of achieving a characteristic frequency of operation, impedance, and polarization. These models help designers understand reconfigurable antenna structures and enhance their functionality since they transform antennas from bulky devices into mathematical and software accessible models. The use of graphs facilitates the software control and cognition ability of reconfigurable antennas while optimizing their performance. This lecture also discusses the reduction of redundancy, complexity and reliability of reconfigurable antennas and reconfigurable antenna arrays. The full analysis of these parameters allows a better reconfigurable antenna implementation in wireless and space communications platforms. The use of graph models to reduce the complexity while preserving the reliability of reconfigurable antennas allow a better incorporation in applications such as cognitive radio, MIMO, satellite communications, and personal communication systems. A swifter response time is achieved with less cost and losses. This lecture is written for individuals who wish to venture into the field of reconfigurable antennas, with a little prior experience in this area, and learn how graph rules and theory, mainly used in the field of computer science, networking, and control systems can be applied to electromagnetic structures. This lecture will walk the reader through a design and analysis process of reconfigurable antennas using graph models with a practical and theoretical outlook.