Read Books Online and Download eBooks, EPub, PDF, Mobi, Kindle, Text Full Free.
Recent Studies Comparing Emissions Of Compressed Natural Gas Cng And Clean Diesel Vehicles
Download Recent Studies Comparing Emissions Of Compressed Natural Gas Cng And Clean Diesel Vehicles full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Recent Studies Comparing Emissions Of Compressed Natural Gas Cng And Clean Diesel Vehicles ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!
Book Synopsis Recent Studies Comparing Emissions of Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) and Clean Diesel Vehicles by : Western States Petroleum Association
Download or read book Recent Studies Comparing Emissions of Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) and Clean Diesel Vehicles written by Western States Petroleum Association and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A Comparative Analysis of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) and Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) Used by Transit Agencies in Texas by : Naomi W. Ledé
Download or read book A Comparative Analysis of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) and Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) Used by Transit Agencies in Texas written by Naomi W. Ledé and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study is a detailed comparative analysis of liquefied natural gas (LNG) and compressed natural gas (CNG). The study provides data on two alternative fuels used by transit agencies in Texas. First, the state-of-the-art in alternative fuels is examined to establish a framework for the study. Efforts were made to examine selected characteristics of two types of NG demonstrations in terms of the following properties: energy source characteristics, vehicle performance and emissions, operations, maintenance, reliability, safety costs, and fuel availability. Where feasible, two alternative fuels were compared with conventional gasoline and diesel fuel. Environmental considerations relative to fuel distribution and use are analyzed, with a focus on examining flammability and other safety-related issues. The objectives of the study included assessing the state-of-the-art and document-relevant findings pertaining to alternative fuels, analyzing and synthesizing existing databases on two NG alternatives (LNG and CNG), comparing two alternative fuels used by transit agencies in Texas, and addressing selected aspects of alternative fuels such as energy source characteristics, vehicle performance and emissions, safety, costs, maintenance and operations, and environmental issues. A profile of two alternative fuels used by Texas transit agencies is presented. The comparisons made about properties of LNG and CNG provide a context within which an assessment of other alternative fuels such as methanol, ethanol, and electric vehicles can be made. The findings of the study will contribute to existing evidence on alternative fuels. Data included in the study will be useful to transportation industry officials in the public and private sector. Comparative data on alternative fuels will contribute to a greater understanding of their use and enhance policy decisions about alternative fuels.
Book Synopsis Exhaust Emissions of Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) Vehicles Compared with Gasoline Vehicles by : Auto/Oil Air Quality Improvement Research Program
Download or read book Exhaust Emissions of Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) Vehicles Compared with Gasoline Vehicles written by Auto/Oil Air Quality Improvement Research Program and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309496381 Total Pages :399 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (94 download)
Book Synopsis Reducing Fuel Consumption and Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles, Phase Two by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book Reducing Fuel Consumption and Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles, Phase Two written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2020-05-15 with total page 399 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Medium- and heavy-duty trucks, motor coaches, and transit buses - collectively, "medium- and heavy-duty vehicles", or MHDVs - are used in every sector of the economy. The fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions of MHDVs have become a focus of legislative and regulatory action in the past few years. This study is a follow-on to the National Research Council's 2010 report, Technologies and Approaches to Reducing the Fuel Consumption of Medium-and Heavy-Duty Vehicles. That report provided a series of findings and recommendations on the development of regulations for reducing fuel consumption of MHDVs. On September 15, 2011, NHTSA and EPA finalized joint Phase I rules to establish a comprehensive Heavy-Duty National Program to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and fuel consumption for on-road medium- and heavy-duty vehicles. As NHTSA and EPA began working on a second round of standards, the National Academies issued another report, Reducing the Fuel Consumption and Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles, Phase Two: First Report, providing recommendations for the Phase II standards. This third and final report focuses on a possible third phase of regulations to be promulgated by these agencies in the next decade.
Book Synopsis Transitions to Alternative Vehicles and Fuels by : National Research Council
Download or read book Transitions to Alternative Vehicles and Fuels written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-04-14 with total page 395 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For a century, almost all light-duty vehicles (LDVs) have been powered by internal combustion engines operating on petroleum fuels. Energy security concerns about petroleum imports and the effect of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions on global climate are driving interest in alternatives. Transitions to Alternative Vehicles and Fuels assesses the potential for reducing petroleum consumption and GHG emissions by 80 percent across the U.S. LDV fleet by 2050, relative to 2005. This report examines the current capability and estimated future performance and costs for each vehicle type and non-petroleum-based fuel technology as options that could significantly contribute to these goals. By analyzing scenarios that combine various fuel and vehicle pathways, the report also identifies barriers to implementation of these technologies and suggests policies to achieve the desired reductions. Several scenarios are promising, but strong, and effective policies such as research and development, subsidies, energy taxes, or regulations will be necessary to overcome barriers, such as cost and consumer choice.
Book Synopsis Assessment of On-road Emissions of Refuse Collection Vehicles by :
Download or read book Assessment of On-road Emissions of Refuse Collection Vehicles written by and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report summarizes the results of an experimental study assessing the real-world environmental performance and its comparison with laboratory measurements of two Euro VI step C Refuse Collection Heavy-Duty Vehicles. The first is equipped with a common-rail Diesel engine, a Selective Catalytic Reduction, a Diesel Oxidation Catalytic converter and a Diesel Particle Filter and the second is a Compressed Natural Gas vehicle equipped with a Three-way Catalyst. The objective of this study is to provide support to the future planning and renewal of the Milan waste collection vehicle fleet comparing two different engine technologies (diesel and natural gas fuelled engines) and evaluate the environmental efficiency of engines solutions. Broadly, the pollutant emissions factors of the tested Diesel vehicle were better than its homologous CNG vehicle (NOX: 157.1 mg/kWh and 755.3 mg/kWh, PN: 2.23*1010 #/kWh and 7.19*1010 #/kWh for the diesel and CNG vehicles respectively). These results are in agreement with the finds of some recent studies that indicate that the current notion that natural gas engines are cleaner than diesel might not be valid any longer. However, the JRC would like to stress that this general conclusion is only applicable to the vehicles and the conditions tested in this experimental project and that under no circumstances it can be generalised to other vehicles or fleets.
Book Synopsis Automotive Fuels Reference Book by : Paul Richards
Download or read book Automotive Fuels Reference Book written by Paul Richards and published by SAE International. This book was released on 2014-03-05 with total page 870 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first two editions of this title, published by SAE International in 1990 and 1995, have been best-selling definitive references for those needing technical information about automotive fuels. This long-awaited new edition has been thoroughly revised and updated, yet retains the original fundamental fuels information that readers find so useful. This book is written for those with an interest in or a need to understand automotive fuels. Because automotive fuels can no longer be developed in isolation from the engines that will convert the fuel into the power necessary to drive our automobiles, knowledge of automotive fuels will also be essential to those working with automotive engines. Small quantities of fuel additives increasingly play an important role in bridging the gap that often exists between fuel that can easily be produced and fuel that is needed by the ever-more sophisticated automotive engine. This book pulls together in a single, extensively referenced volume, the three different but related topics of automotive fuels, fuel additives, and engines, and shows how all three areas work together. It includes a brief history of automotive fuels development, followed by chapters on automotive fuels manufacture from crude oil and other fossil sources. One chapter is dedicated to the manufacture of automotive fuels and fuel blending components from renewable sources. The safe handling, transport, and storage of fuels, from all sources, are covered. New combustion systems to achieve reduced emissions and increased efficiency are discussed, and the way in which the fuels’ physical and chemical characteristics affect these combustion processes and the emissions produced are included. There is also discussion on engine fuel system development and how these different systems affect the corresponding fuel requirements. Because the book is for a global market, fuel system technologies that only exist in the legacy fleet in some markets are included. The way in which fuel requirements are developed and specified is discussed. This covers test methods from simple laboratory bench tests, through engine testing, and long-term test procedures.
Book Synopsis Technologies and Approaches to Reducing the Fuel Consumption of Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles by : National Research Council
Download or read book Technologies and Approaches to Reducing the Fuel Consumption of Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2010-07-30 with total page 251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Technologies and Approaches to Reducing the Fuel Consumption of Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles evaluates various technologies and methods that could improve the fuel economy of medium- and heavy-duty vehicles, such as tractor-trailers, transit buses, and work trucks. The book also recommends approaches that federal agencies could use to regulate these vehicles' fuel consumption. Currently there are no fuel consumption standards for such vehicles, which account for about 26 percent of the transportation fuel used in the U.S. The miles-per-gallon measure used to regulate the fuel economy of passenger cars. is not appropriate for medium- and heavy-duty vehicles, which are designed above all to carry loads efficiently. Instead, any regulation of medium- and heavy-duty vehicles should use a metric that reflects the efficiency with which a vehicle moves goods or passengers, such as gallons per ton-mile, a unit that reflects the amount of fuel a vehicle would use to carry a ton of goods one mile. This is called load-specific fuel consumption (LSFC). The book estimates the improvements that various technologies could achieve over the next decade in seven vehicle types. For example, using advanced diesel engines in tractor-trailers could lower their fuel consumption by up to 20 percent by 2020, and improved aerodynamics could yield an 11 percent reduction. Hybrid powertrains could lower the fuel consumption of vehicles that stop frequently, such as garbage trucks and transit buses, by as much 35 percent in the same time frame.
Book Synopsis Cost, Effectiveness, and Deployment of Fuel Economy Technologies for Light-Duty Vehicles by : National Research Council
Download or read book Cost, Effectiveness, and Deployment of Fuel Economy Technologies for Light-Duty Vehicles written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2015-09-28 with total page 812 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The light-duty vehicle fleet is expected to undergo substantial technological changes over the next several decades. New powertrain designs, alternative fuels, advanced materials and significant changes to the vehicle body are being driven by increasingly stringent fuel economy and greenhouse gas emission standards. By the end of the next decade, cars and light-duty trucks will be more fuel efficient, weigh less, emit less air pollutants, have more safety features, and will be more expensive to purchase relative to current vehicles. Though the gasoline-powered spark ignition engine will continue to be the dominant powertrain configuration even through 2030, such vehicles will be equipped with advanced technologies, materials, electronics and controls, and aerodynamics. And by 2030, the deployment of alternative methods to propel and fuel vehicles and alternative modes of transportation, including autonomous vehicles, will be well underway. What are these new technologies - how will they work, and will some technologies be more effective than others? Written to inform The United States Department of Transportation's National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission standards, this new report from the National Research Council is a technical evaluation of costs, benefits, and implementation issues of fuel reduction technologies for next-generation light-duty vehicles. Cost, Effectiveness, and Deployment of Fuel Economy Technologies for Light-Duty Vehicles estimates the cost, potential efficiency improvements, and barriers to commercial deployment of technologies that might be employed from 2020 to 2030. This report describes these promising technologies and makes recommendations for their inclusion on the list of technologies applicable for the 2017-2025 CAFE standards.
Book Synopsis Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Selected Alternative Transportation Fuels Market Niches by :
Download or read book Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Selected Alternative Transportation Fuels Market Niches written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Discusses natural gas and methanol based fuels.
Book Synopsis Two Score and Ten by : G. V. Ramakrishna
Download or read book Two Score and Ten written by G. V. Ramakrishna and published by Academic Foundation. This book was released on 2004 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Author An Ias Officer Servant The Government For About 50 Years Including Post Retirement Assignments-In Various Capacities In Andhra Government, Disinvestiment Commission, Planning Commission Etc. It Shows His Insight Into The Working Of The Governemnt, Capital Market, Diplomatic Assignments Etc-15 Chapters And 8 Articles. In Addition Also Useful For New Generation Of Civil Servants In Our Country.
Book Synopsis Hidden Costs of Energy by : National Research Council
Download or read book Hidden Costs of Energy written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2010-05-26 with total page 506 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite the many benefits of energy, most of which are reflected in energy market prices, the production, distribution, and use of energy causes negative effects. Many of these negative effects are not reflected in energy market prices. When market failures like this occur, there may be a case for government interventions in the form of regulations, taxes, fees, tradable permits, or other instruments that will motivate recognition of these external or hidden costs. The Hidden Costs of Energy defines and evaluates key external costs and benefits that are associated with the production, distribution, and use of energy, but are not reflected in market prices. The damage estimates presented are substantial and reflect damages from air pollution associated with electricity generation, motor vehicle transportation, and heat generation. The book also considers other effects not quantified in dollar amounts, such as damages from climate change, effects of some air pollutants such as mercury, and risks to national security. While not a comprehensive guide to policy, this analysis indicates that major initiatives to further reduce other emissions, improve energy efficiency, or shift to a cleaner electricity generating mix could substantially reduce the damages of external effects. A first step in minimizing the adverse consequences of new energy technologies is to better understand these external effects and damages. The Hidden Costs of Energy will therefore be a vital informational tool for government policy makers, scientists, and economists in even the earliest stages of research and development on energy technologies.
Book Synopsis Advances in Compression Ignition Natural Gas – Diesel Dual Fuel Engines by : Hongsheng Guo
Download or read book Advances in Compression Ignition Natural Gas – Diesel Dual Fuel Engines written by Hongsheng Guo and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-03-23 with total page 125 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Diesel Vehicle Emissions and Urban Air Quality by : Quality of Urban Air Review Group
Download or read book Diesel Vehicle Emissions and Urban Air Quality written by Quality of Urban Air Review Group and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Automotive Air Pollution written by and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1990 with total page 131 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Automotive air pollution will intensify with increasing urbanization and the rapid pace of motorization in developing countries. Without effective measures to curb air pollution, some 300-400 million city dwellers in developing countries will become exposed to unhealthy and dangerous levels of air pollution by the end of the century. Administratively simple policies that encourage clean fuels and better traffic management are the most promising approach to controlling vehicle pollutant emissions in developing countries.
Book Synopsis Assessment of the Greenhouse Gas Emission Benefits of Heavy Duty Natural Gas Vehicles in the United States by : Christina Davies
Download or read book Assessment of the Greenhouse Gas Emission Benefits of Heavy Duty Natural Gas Vehicles in the United States written by Christina Davies and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this research effort is to reduce the uncertainty associated with the greenhouse gas (GHG) benefits of heavy duty natural gas vehicles by producing new exhaust emission factors for carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) from different heavy duty compressed natural gas (CNG) and liquefied natural gas (LNG) vehicle applications through a comprehensive analysis of existing vehicle emissions test data.
Book Synopsis François Marechal : 1861-1945 : Radierungen und Zeichnungen aus der Sammlung des Städtischen Kupferstichkabinetts, Lüttich by :
Download or read book François Marechal : 1861-1945 : Radierungen und Zeichnungen aus der Sammlung des Städtischen Kupferstichkabinetts, Lüttich written by and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
