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Reason And Rationality In Natural Science
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Book Synopsis The Rationality of Science by : W.H. Newton-Smith
Download or read book The Rationality of Science written by W.H. Newton-Smith and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2002-02-07 with total page 307 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A clear, original and systematic introduction to philosophy of science which examines the theories of Popper, Lakatos, Kuhn and Feyerabend before proposing a new, temperate rationalist perspective.
Book Synopsis Reason and Rationality by : Maria Cristina Amoretti
Download or read book Reason and Rationality written by Maria Cristina Amoretti and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2013-05-02 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reason and rationality represent crucial elements of the self-image of human beings and have unquestionably been among the most debated issues in Western philosophy, dating from ancient Greece, through the Middle Ages, and to the present day. Many words and thoughts have already been spent trying to define the nature and standards of reason and rationality, what they could or ought to be, and under what conditions something can be said to be rational. This volume focuses instead on the relationships of reason and rationality to some relevant specific topics, i.e., science, knowledge, gender, politics, ethics, religion, aesthetics, language, logic, and metaphysics, trying to uncover and clarify both the connections and differences in their various characterisations and uses.
Book Synopsis Reason and Rationality in Natural Science by : Nicholas Rescher
Download or read book Reason and Rationality in Natural Science written by Nicholas Rescher and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A collection of essays on fundamental issues regarding scientific knowledge. Contents: Systematic Essays: Science and the Epistemic Authority of Logical Analysis, Jay F. Rosenberg; Varieties of Understanding, Robert Brandom; Theory Families, Plausibility and the Defense of Modest Realism, Rom Harre; Scientific Rationality and Its Reconstruction, Jurgen Mittelstrass; Conservatism and the Data Base, William Lycan. Historical Essays: Darwin's Achievement, Philip Kitcher; "A Purely Scientific Temper": Victorian Expressions of the Ideal of an Autonomous Science, Robert E. Butts.
Book Synopsis Reason and Nature by : José Luis Bermúdez
Download or read book Reason and Nature written by José Luis Bermúdez and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2002 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In a series of essays nine philosophers and two psychologists address three main themes: the status of norms of rationality; the precise form taken by them; and the role of norms in belief and actions.
Book Synopsis Without Good Reason by : Edward Stein
Download or read book Without Good Reason written by Edward Stein and published by Clarendon Press. This book was released on 1996-01-11 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Are humans rational? Various experiments performed over the last several decades have been interpreted as showing that humans are irrational—we make significant and consistent errors in logical reasoning, probabilistic reasoning, similarity judgements, and risk-assessment, to name a few areas. But can these experiments establish human irrationality, or is it a conceptual truth that humans must be rational, as various philosophers have argued? In this book, Edward Stein offers a clear critical account of this debate about rationality in philosophy and cognitive science. He discusses concepts of rationality—the pictures of rationality that the debate centres on—and assesses the empirical evidence used to argue that humans are irrational. He concludes that the question of human rationality must be answered not conceptually but empirically, using the full resources of an advanced cognitive science. Furthermore, he extends this conclusion to argue that empirical considerations are also relevant to the theory of knowledge—in other words, that epistemology should be naturalized.
Book Synopsis Reason and Rationality by : Jon Elster
Download or read book Reason and Rationality written by Jon Elster and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2009 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the world's most important political philosophers, Jon Elster is a leading thinker on reason and rationality and their roles in politics and public life. In this short book, he crystallizes and advances his work, bridging the gap between philosophers who use the idea of reason to assess human behavior from a normative point of view and social scientists who use the idea of rationality to explain behavior. In place of these approaches, Elster proposes a unified conceptual framework for the study of behavior. Drawing on classical moralists as well as modern scholarship, and using a wealth of historical and contemporary illustrations, Reason and Rationality marks a new development in Elster's thinking while at the same time providing a brief, elegant, and accessible introduction to his work.
Book Synopsis The Critique of Scientific Reason by : Kurt Hübner
Download or read book The Critique of Scientific Reason written by Kurt Hübner and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 1983 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A systematic critique of the notion that natural science is the sovereign domain of truth, Critique of Scientific Reason uses an extensive and detailed investigation of physics—and in particular of Einstein's theory of relativity—to argue that the positivistic notion of rationality is not only wrongheaded but false. Kurt Hübner contends that positivism ignores both the historical dimension of science and the basic structures common to scientific theory, myth, and so-called subjective symbolic systems. Moreover, Hübner argues, positivism has led in our time to a widespread disillusionment with science and technology.
Book Synopsis Scientific Rationality: The Sociological Turn by : J.R. Brown
Download or read book Scientific Rationality: The Sociological Turn written by J.R. Brown and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Reason and Rationality in Natural Science by : Nicholas Rescher
Download or read book Reason and Rationality in Natural Science written by Nicholas Rescher and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A collection of essays on fundamental issues regarding scientific knowledge. Contents: Systematic Essays: Science and the Epistemic Authority of Logical Analysis, Jay F. Rosenberg; Varieties of Understanding, Robert Brandom; Theory Families, Plausibility and the Defense of Modest Realism, Rom Harre; Scientific Rationality and Its Reconstruction, Jurgen Mittelstrass; Conservatism and the Data Base, William Lycan. Historical Essays: Darwin's Achievement, Philip Kitcher; "A Purely Scientific Temper": Victorian Expressions of the Ideal of an Autonomous Science, Robert E. Butts.
Book Synopsis Galileo and the Art of Reasoning by : M.A. Finocchiaro
Download or read book Galileo and the Art of Reasoning written by M.A. Finocchiaro and published by Springer. This book was released on 1980-08-31 with total page 482 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The work of Galileo has long been important not only as a foundation of modern physics but also as a model - and perhaps the paradigmatic model - of scientific method, and therefore as a leading example of scientific rationality. However, as we know, the matter is not so simple. The range of Galileo readings is so varied that one may be led to the conclusion that it is a case of chacun a son Galileo; that here, as with the Bible, or Plato or Kant or Freud or Finnegan's Wake, the texts themselves underdetermine just what moral is to be pointed. But if there is no canonical reading, how can the texts be taken as evidence or example of a canonical view of scientific rationality, as in Galileo? Or is it the case, instead, that we decide a priori what the norms of rationality are and then pick through texts to fmd those which satisfy these norms? Specifically, how and on what grounds are we to accept or reject scientific theories, or scientific reasoning? If we are to do this on the basis of historical analysis of how, in fact, theories came to be accepted or rejected, how shall we distinguish 'is' from 'ought'? What follows (if anything does) from such analysis or reconstruction about how theories ought to be accepted or rejected? Maurice Finocchiaro's study of Galileo brings an important and original approach to the question of scientific rationality by way of a systematic read
Book Synopsis The Roots of Reason by : David Papineau
Download or read book The Roots of Reason written by David Papineau and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2006-01-26 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: David Papineau presents a controversial view of human reason, portraying it as a normal part of the natural world, and drawing on the empirical sciences to illuminate its workings. In these six interconnected essays he offers a fresh approach to some long-standing problems. Papineau rejects the contemporary orthodoxy that genuine thought hinges on some species of non-natural normativity. He explores the evolutionary histories of theoretical and practical rationality, indicating ways in which capacities underlying human reasoning have been selected for their biological advantages. He then looks at the connection between decision and probability, explaining how good decisions need to be informed by causal as well as probabilistic facts. Finally he defends the radical view that a satisfactory understanding of decision-making is only possible within a specific interpretation of quantum mechanics. By placing the subject in its scientific context, Papineau shows how human rationality plays an explicable role in the functioning of the natural world.
Book Synopsis Reason and Nature by : Morris R. Cohen
Download or read book Reason and Nature written by Morris R. Cohen and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-12-14 with total page 502 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First published in 1931, this volume represents the culmination of twenty years’ of the study on the principles of science. Noticing a widespread craving for philosophical light at a time of scant such offerings, Morris R. Cohen aimed to demonstrate here the fundamental and ancient connection between nature and science - between hearts and minds – in an attempt to salve the developing mutual hostility between the two in the 1920s. The volume bears particular relation to George Santayana’s Life of Reason and Bertrand Russell’s Principles of Mathematics and explores areas including the character of the insurgence against reason and reason in the contexts of the natural and social sciences.
Book Synopsis The Territories of Human Reason by : Alister E. McGrath
Download or read book The Territories of Human Reason written by Alister E. McGrath and published by Ian Ramsey Centre Studies in S. This book was released on 2019 with total page 299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Our understanding of human rationality has changed significantly since the beginning of the century, with growing emphasis being placed on multiple rationalities, each adapted to the specific tasks of communities of practice. We may think of the world as an ontological unity-but we use a plurality of methods to investigate and represent this world. This development has called into question both the appeal to a universal rationality, characteristic of the Enlightenment, and also the simple 'modern-postmodern' binary. The Territories of Human Reason is the first major study to explore the emergence of multiple situated rationalities. It focuses on the relation of the natural sciences and Christian theology, but its approach can easily be extended to other disciplines. It provides a robust intellectual framework for discussion of transdisciplinarity, which has become a major theme in many parts of the academic world. Alister E. McGrath offers a major reappraisal of what it means to be 'rational' which will have significant impact on older discussions of this theme. He sets out to explore the consequences of the seemingly inexorable move away from the notion of a single universal rationality towards a plurality of cultural and domain-specific methodologies and rationalities. What does this mean for the natural sciences? For the philosophy of science? For Christian theology? And for the interdisciplinary field of science and religion? How can a single individual hold together scientific and religious ideas, when these arise from quite different rational approaches? This ground-breaking volume sets out to engage these questions and will provoke intense discussion and debate.
Book Synopsis The Myth of the Framework by : Karl Popper
Download or read book The Myth of the Framework written by Karl Popper and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-04-23 with total page 245 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In a career spanning sixty years, Sir Karl Popper has made some of the most important contributions to the twentieth century discussion of science and rationality. The Myth of the Framework is a new collection of some of Popper's most important material on this subject. Sir Karl discusses such issues as the aims of science, the role that it plays in our civilization, the moral responsibility of the scientist, the structure of history, and the perennial choice between reason and revolution. In doing so, he attacks intellectual fashions (like positivism) that exagerrate what science and rationality have done, as well as intellectual fashions (like relativism) that denigrate what science and rationality can do. Scientific knowledge, according to Popper, is one of the most rational and creative of human achievements, but it is also inherently fallible and subject to revision. In place of intellectual fashions, Popper offers his own critical rationalism - a view that he regards both as a theory of knowlege and as an attitude towards human life, human morals and democracy. Published in cooperation with the Central European University.
Book Synopsis The Justification of Science and the Rationality of Religious Belief by : Michael C. Banner
Download or read book The Justification of Science and the Rationality of Religious Belief written by Michael C. Banner and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1990 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this critical examination of recent accounts of the nature of science and of its justification given by Kuhn, Popper, Lakatos, Laudan, and Newton-Smith, Banner contends that models of scientific rationality which are used in criticism of religious beliefs are in fact often inadequate as accounts of the nature of science. He argues that a realist philosophy of science both reflects the character of science and scientific justifications, and suggests that religious belief could be given a justification of the same sort.
Book Synopsis Reason and the Search for Knowledge by : D. Shapere
Download or read book Reason and the Search for Knowledge written by D. Shapere and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 478 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An impressive characteristic of Dudley Shapere's studies in the philosophy of the sciences has been his dogged reasonableness. He sorts things out, with logical care and mastery of the materials, and with an epistemological curiosity for the historical happenings which is both critical and respectful. Science changes, and the philosopher had better not link philosophical standards too tightly to either the latest orthodox or the provocative up start in scientific fashions; and yet, as critic, the philosopher must not only master the sciences but also explicate their meanings, not those of a cognitive never-never land. Neither dreamer nor pedant, Professor Shapere has been able to practice the modern empiricist's exercises with the sober and stimulat ing results shown in this volume: he sees that he can be faithful to philosoph ical analysis, engage in the boldest 'rational reconstruction' of theories and experimental measurements, and faithful too, empirically faithful we may say, to both the direct super-highways and the winding pathways of conceptual evolutions and metaphysical revolutions. Not least, Shapere listens! To Einstein and Calileo of course, but to the workings of the engineers and the scientific apprentices too, and to the various philosophers, now and of old, who have also worked to make sense of what has been learned and how that has happened and where we might go wrong.
Book Synopsis The Evolution of Reason by : William S. Cooper
Download or read book The Evolution of Reason written by William S. Cooper and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2001 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The formal systems of logic have ordinarily been regarded as independent of biology, but recent developments in evolutionary theory suggest that biology and logic may be intimately interrelated. In this book, William Cooper outlines a theory of rationality in which logical law emerges as an intrinsic aspect of evolutionary biology. This biological perspective on logic, though at present unorthodox, could change traditional ideas about the reasoning process. Cooper examines the connections between logic and evolutionary biology and illustrates how logical rules are derived directly from evolutionary principles, and therefore have no independent status of their own. Laws of decision theory, utility theory, induction, and deduction are reinterpreted as natural consequences of evolutionary processes. Cooper's connection of logical law to evolutionary theory ultimately results in a unified foundation for an evolutionary science of reason. It will be of interest to professionals and students of philosophy of science, logic, evolutionary theory, and cognitive science.
