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Real Time Laser Absorption Spectroscopy For Polyfuel Combustion Engines
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Book Synopsis Recent Trends in Fuel Cell Science and Technology by : S. Basu
Download or read book Recent Trends in Fuel Cell Science and Technology written by S. Basu and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-10-20 with total page 383 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers all the proposed fuel cell systems including PEMFC, SOFC, PAFC, MCFC, regenerative fuel cells, direct alcohol fuel cells, and small fuel cells to replace batteries.
Book Synopsis Polymer Membranes for Fuel Cells by : Javaid Zaidi
Download or read book Polymer Membranes for Fuel Cells written by Javaid Zaidi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-07-15 with total page 439 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the late-1960’s, perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSAs) ionomers have dominated the PEM fuel cell industry as the membrane material of choice. The “gold standard’ amongst the many variations that exist today has been, and to a great extent still is, DuPont’s Nafion® family of materials. However, there is significant concern in the industry that these materials will not meet the cost, performance, and durability requirementsnecessary to drive commercialization in key market segments – es- cially automotive. Indeed, Honda has already put fuel cell vehicles in the hands of real end users that have home-grown fuel cell stack technology incorporating hydrocarbon-based ionomers. “Polymer Membranes in Fuel Cells” takes an in-depth look at the new chem- tries and membrane technologies that have been developed over the years to address the concerns associated with the materials currently in use. Unlike the PFSAs, which were originally developed for the chlor-alkali industry, the more recent hydrocarbon and composite materials have been developed to meet the specific requirements of PEM Fuel Cells. Having said this, most of the work has been based on derivatives of known polymers, such as poly(ether-ether ketones), to ensure that the critical requirement of low cost is met. More aggressive operational requi- ments have also spurred the development on new materials; for example, the need for operation at higher temperature under low relative humidity has spawned the creation of a plethora of new polymers with potential application in PEM Fuel Cells.
Download or read book Junior Science Projects written by and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explains scientific theory and principles through projects and experiments for the serious young scientist, such as glow discharges, black light, Schlieren optics, and Echo collecting.
Book Synopsis Hydrogen and Fuel Cells by : Bent Sørensen
Download or read book Hydrogen and Fuel Cells written by Bent Sørensen and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2011-11-14 with total page 507 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A hydrogen economy, in which this one gas provides the source of all energy needs, is often touted as the long-term solution to the environmental and security problems associated with fossil fuels. However, before hydrogen can be used as fuel on a global scale we must establish cost effective means of producing, storing, and distributing the gas, develop cost efficient technologies for converting hydrogen to electricity (e.g. fuel cells), and creating the infrastructure to support all this. Sorensen is the only text available that provides up to date coverage of all these issues at a level appropriate for the technical reader. The book not only describes the "how" and "where" aspects of hydrogen fuels cells usage, but also the obstacles and benefits of its use, as well as the social implications (both economically and environmental). Written by a world-renowned researcher in energy systems, this thoroughly illustrated and cross-referenced book is an excellent reference for researchers, professionals and students in the field of renewable energy. Updated sections on PEM fuel cells, Molten carbonate cells, Solid Oxide cells and Biofuel cells Updated material to reflect the growing commercial acceptance of stationary and portable fuel cell systems, while also recognizing the ongoing research in automotive fuel cell systems A new example of a regional system based on renewable energy sources reflects the growing international attention to uses of renewable energy as part of the energy grid Examples of life cycle analysis of environmental and social impacts
Book Synopsis Quarterly Progress Report July 1-September 30 by : United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
Download or read book Quarterly Progress Report July 1-September 30 written by United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2018-07-16 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Quarterly Progress Report July 1-September 30
Book Synopsis Physical, Electroanalytical, and Bioanalytical Electrochemistry by : S. Minteer
Download or read book Physical, Electroanalytical, and Bioanalytical Electrochemistry written by S. Minteer and published by The Electrochemical Society. This book was released on 2010-02 with total page 107 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The papers included in this issue of ECS Transactions were originally presented in the symposium ¿Physical, Electroanalytical, and Bioanalytical Electrochemistry¿, held during the 216th meeting of The Electrochemical Society, in Vienna, Austria from October 4 to 9, 2009.
Book Synopsis Synthetic and Mechanistic Organic Electron Transfer Reactions by : T. Fuchigami
Download or read book Synthetic and Mechanistic Organic Electron Transfer Reactions written by T. Fuchigami and published by The Electrochemical Society. This book was released on 2010-02 with total page 133 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The papers included in this issue of ECS Transactions were originally presented in the symposium ¿Synthetic and Mechanistic Organic Electron Transfer Reactions¿, held during the 216th meeting of The Electrochemical Society, in Vienna, Austria from October 4 to 9, 2009.
Book Synopsis State-of-the-art Laser Gas Sensing Technologies by : Yufei Ma
Download or read book State-of-the-art Laser Gas Sensing Technologies written by Yufei Ma and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-03-05 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Trace gas sensing technologies are widely used in many applications, such as environmental monitoring, life science, medical diagnostics, and planetary exploration. On the one hand, laser sources have developed greatly due to the rapid development of laser media and laser techniques in recent years. Some novel lasers such as solid-state, diode, and quantum cascade lasers have experienced significant progress. At present, laser wavelengths can cover the range from ultraviolet to terahertz, which could promote the development of laser gas sensing technologies significantly. On the other hand, some new gas sensing methods have appeared, such as photothermal spectroscopy and photoacoustic spectroscopy. Laser spectroscopy-based gas sensing techniques have the advantages of high sensitivity, non-invasiveness, and allowing in situ, real-time observation. Due to the rapid and recent developments in laser source as well as the great merits of laser spectroscopy-based gas sensing techniques, this book aims to provide an updated overview of the state-of-the-art laser gas sensing technologies.
Book Synopsis Laser-based Investigation of Gas and Solid Fuel Combustion under Oxy-Fuel Atmosphere by : Sebastian Bürkle
Download or read book Laser-based Investigation of Gas and Solid Fuel Combustion under Oxy-Fuel Atmosphere written by Sebastian Bürkle and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2019-03-04 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Oxy-fuel combustion has the potential to reduce the atmospheric CO2-emissions of fossil fuel power plants by burning gaseous or solid fuels under an atmosphere of carbon dioxide and oxygen. The combustion under oxy-fuel operating conditions, however, is accompanied by major changes in the combustion behavior. The underlying chemical and physical processes are complex and highly coupled, which impedes investigations and modeling. Since tactile and most of the optical measurement techniques fail under the sensitive and simultaneously harsh environments of oxy-fuel combustion, an optical in-situ measurement system based on tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy is developed in this work. This system allows to investigate the thermochemical state of combustion gases with respect to the quantitative concentrations of multiple combustion-relevant gases and the gas temperature. In combination with a newly developed and applied measurement strategy, the system even allows for a measurement of the gas residence time distribution. To improve the measurement accuracy, multiple absorption line parameters are experimentally determined. The measurement system is applied to three oxy-fuel combustion systems. First, the thermochemical state of the laminar, non-premixed methane combustion under oxy-fuel atmosphere is studied. The turbulent, premixed combustion of the same fuel under air and two oxy-fuel atmospheres is studied in a 20 kWth swirled combustor. Measurements of the residence time distribution of fluids in the combustion chamber provide insights into mixing and transport properties of the flow. The thermochemical state reveals insights into the reaction progess and flow mixing. Co-firing of three different solid fuels in an assisting gas flame is investigated for a combined thermal power up to 40 kWth. Here, the char burnout of the particles is investigated. The thermochemical state of the combustion of pure torrefied biomass under air and oxy-fuel combustion atmosphere is investigated in a 60 kWth close-to-application facility and compared to equillibrium calculations.
Book Synopsis Industrial Applications of Laser Diagnostics by : Yoshihiro Deguchi
Download or read book Industrial Applications of Laser Diagnostics written by Yoshihiro Deguchi and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2011-12-07 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tighter regulations of harmful substances such as NOx, CO, heavy metals, particles, emissions from commercial plants and automobiles reflect a growing demand for lowering the anthropogenic burdens on the environment. It is equally important to monitor controlling factors to improve the operation of industrial machinery and plants. Among the many methods for doing this, laser diagnostics stands out. Taking a practical approach, Industrial Applications of Laser Diagnostics discusses how to apply laser diagnostics to engines, gas turbines, thermal and chemical plant systems, and disposal facilities. It also briefly discusses their growing application in biochemical fields. The book introduces the guidelines for industrial applications of laser diagnostics, briefly describes the main components of laser diagnostics systems, and summarizes application codes of laser diagnostics to industrial systems. The author them discusses laser induced fluorescence, laser induced breakdown spectroscopy, spontaneous Raman spectroscopy and CARS, tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy, and time of flight mass spectroscopy. He provides theoretical explanations and complex equations, which are usually main inhibitors, in appendices or indicates them with citations. Although the diagnostics have been well documented in the scientific literature, and the techniques in journals, the applications have not. And usually these books are comprehensible only to those in this field, not researchers from other fields or from industry. Until now. Incorporating a plethora of real life industrial examples and applications, this text underscores the real potential for these techniques in industrial applications.
Book Synopsis Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy by : Jagdish P. Singh
Download or read book Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy written by Jagdish P. Singh and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2007-10-03 with total page 455 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is basically an emission spectroscopy technique where atoms and ions are primarily formed in their excited states as a result of interaction between a tightly focused laser beam and the material sample. The interaction between matter and high-density photons generates a plasma plume, which evolves with time and may eventually acquire thermodynamic equilibrium. One of the important features of this technique is that it does not require any sample preparation, unlike conventional spectroscopic analytical techniques. Samples in the form of solids, liquids, gels, gases, plasmas and biological materials (like teeth, leaf or blood) can be studied with almost equal ease. LIBS has rapidly developed into a major analytical technology with the capability of detecting all chemical elements in a sample, of real- time response, and of close-contact or stand-off analysis of targets. The present book has been written by active specialists in this field, it includes the basic principles, the latest developments in instrumentation and the applications of LIBS . It will be useful to analytical chemists and spectroscopists as an important source of information and also to graduate students and researchers engaged in the fields of combustion, environmental science, and planetary and space exploration.* Recent research work* Possible future applications* LIBS Principles
Book Synopsis UV Laser Spectroscopy Applied to In-cylinder Phenomena of Spark Ignition Engines by : Michael Knapp
Download or read book UV Laser Spectroscopy Applied to In-cylinder Phenomena of Spark Ignition Engines written by Michael Knapp and published by Cuvillier Verlag. This book was released on 1997 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Laser-based Instrumentation for Real-time, In-situ Measurements of Combustible Gases, Combustion By-products, and Suppression Concentrations During Fire Suppression by : Kevin L. McNesby
Download or read book Laser-based Instrumentation for Real-time, In-situ Measurements of Combustible Gases, Combustion By-products, and Suppression Concentrations During Fire Suppression written by Kevin L. McNesby and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report describes results of a 3-year program to investigate applications of laser-based instrumentation to real-time measurements of combustible gases, combustion by-products, and suppression concentrations during suppression of fires and explosions. This program was sponsored by the Department of Defense Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program.
