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Real Exchange Rates And Competitiveness
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Book Synopsis Assessing Competitiveness and Real Exchange Rate Misalignment in Low-Income Countries by : Gabriel Di Bella
Download or read book Assessing Competitiveness and Real Exchange Rate Misalignment in Low-Income Countries written by Gabriel Di Bella and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2007-08 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Assessing a country's competitiveness routinely starts with an analysis of the real exchange rate. However, in low-income countries, empirical analysis of the real exchange rate is often subject to important limitations that seriously weaken the results. This paper summarizes the methodologies used to assess real exchange rate misalignments and discusses the range of obstacles common to low-income countries. Recognizing the importance of using a wide range of indicators for assessing competitiveness in low-income countries, the paper discusses alternative competitive measures and then proposes a template of indicators to allow for a systematic assessment of competitiveness in low-income countries. The template is then used to rank countries according to their competitiveness performance in 2006.
Book Synopsis Real Exchange Rates and Competitiveness by : Mr.Leslie Lipschitz
Download or read book Real Exchange Rates and Competitiveness written by Mr.Leslie Lipschitz and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1991-03 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper examines indicators of competitiveness. It analyzes the conceptual foundations of conventional measures of the real exchange rate and finds that inferences about competitiveness from these indicators require strong, and in many cases implausible, assumptions. Based on this analysis some alternative measures are proposed and their use is illustrated using data from Europe. Given the usefulness of standardized indicators, four simple charts are proposed; these help solve some conundrums in the European data and provide the basis for a richer set of inferences about competitiveness.
Book Synopsis Real Exchange Rates, Economic Complexity, and Investment by : Steve Brito
Download or read book Real Exchange Rates, Economic Complexity, and Investment written by Steve Brito and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2018-05-10 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We show that the response of firm-level investment to real exchange rate movements varies depending on the production structure of the economy. Firms in advanced economies and in emerging Asia increase investment when the domestic currency weakens, in line with the traditional Mundell-Fleming model. However, in other emerging market and developing economies, as well as some advanced economies with a low degree of structural economic complexity, corporate investment increases when the domestic currency strengthens. This result is consistent with Diaz Alejandro (1963)—in economies where capital goods are mostly imported, a stronger real exchange rate reduces investment costs for domestic firms.
Book Synopsis Real Exchange Rates and Competitiveness by : Leslie Lipschitz
Download or read book Real Exchange Rates and Competitiveness written by Leslie Lipschitz and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper examines indicators of competitiveness. It analyzes the conceptual foundations of conventional measures of the real exchange rate and finds that inferences about competitiveness from these indicators require strong, and in many cases implausible, assumptions. Based on this analysis some alternative measures are proposed and their use is illustrated using data from Europe. Given the usefulness of standardized indicators, four simple charts are proposed; these help solve some conundrums in the European data and provide the basis for a richer set of inferences about competitiveness.
Book Synopsis The Real Exchange Rate and Prices of Traded Goods in OECD Countries by : Holger Brauer
Download or read book The Real Exchange Rate and Prices of Traded Goods in OECD Countries written by Holger Brauer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2003 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Assessing Exchange Rate Competitiveness in the Eastern Caribbean Currency Union by : Emilio Pineda
Download or read book Assessing Exchange Rate Competitiveness in the Eastern Caribbean Currency Union written by Emilio Pineda and published by INTERNATIONAL MONETARY FUND. This book was released on 2009-04-01 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper uses three methods to assess movements of real exchange rates in the ECCU over time. First, the purchasing power parity hypothesis is tested and then used to provide a benchmark for equilibrium real exchange rates in the region. Second, a fundamentals-based equilibrium real exchange rate approach is used to explore sources of real exchange rate fluctuations in ECCU countries. And third, a macroeconomic balance approach is used to estimate equilibrium current account or current account "norms". The main finding of these analyses is that there is little evidence of overvaluation of the EC dollar. Furthermore, this paper contributes to the literature by analyzing the distinctive impact of tourism in determining real exchange rates through the wealth effect induced by tourism-driven increases in terms of trade and productivity.
Book Synopsis Impact Estimation Of Exchange Rates On Exports And Annual Update Of Competitiveness Analysis For 34 Greater China Economies by : Khee Giap Tan
Download or read book Impact Estimation Of Exchange Rates On Exports And Annual Update Of Competitiveness Analysis For 34 Greater China Economies written by Khee Giap Tan and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2019-11-15 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Chinese economy has been playing an increasingly significant role on the global stage. This book is the sixth annual project of Asia Competitiveness Institute studying competitiveness at the sub-national level of Greater China. ACI's flagship competitiveness study not only adopts a comprehensive framework to measure competitiveness by incorporating 102 indicators under four environments and 11 sub-environments, but is also undertaken at the sub-national level to account for the considerable disparities within a large economy like Greater China. The comparative strengths and weaknesses based on the scores and rankings as well as the what-if simulation analysis can be used to formulate development strategies that are specific and of practical value for each sub-national economy and region.The Shapley methodology adopted by ACI introduces a novel approach for the assignment of weights to the various indicators that constitute competitiveness. This concept has introduced an element of objectivity in terms of the assignment of weights. The findings using the Shapley value also tend to validate the robustness of results obtained from the competitiveness studies over the past years.Moreover, the empirical research featured in this book attempts to understand the drivers of exports of Mainland China provinces, with a specific focus on real effective exchange rate movements and volatility. Nowadays with the international flows of goods and capital becoming ubiquitous and comprising an important aspect of national competitiveness, the role of exchange rate is drawing much more policy attention. In view of this, the research findings presented in this book make an important academic and policy contribution by empirically examining the relationship between exports and exchange rate.Finally, the timing of this publication makes it indispensable to include some dedicated discussions of the trade disputes between the US and China. Several topics would be discussed in this book, including China's protection on Intellectual Property Rights, its violation of World Trade Organisation rules, challenges to its economic growth, the development of its three regional megalopolises, and how to mitigate the impact and ramification of its trade war against the US. This book attempts to identify the growing concerns in the US-China trade tension and provide suggestions for China's development in the future.
Book Synopsis Real Exchange Rates and Competitiveness by : Leslie Lipschitz
Download or read book Real Exchange Rates and Competitiveness written by Leslie Lipschitz and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper examines indicators of competitiveness. It analyzes the conceptual foundations of conventional measures of the real exchange rate and finds that inferences about competitiveness from these indicators require strong, and in many cases implausible, assumptions. Based on this analysis some alternative measures are proposed and their use is illustrated using data from Europe. Given the usefulness of standardized indicators, four simple charts are proposed; these help solve some conundrums in the European data and provide the basis for a richer set of inferences about competitiveness.
Book Synopsis Currency and Competitiveness in Europe by : Klaus Liebscher
Download or read book Currency and Competitiveness in Europe written by Klaus Liebscher and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2008-01-01 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Competitiveness is a notoriously slippery concept. This volume, featuring a galaxy of economic stars, lends some much-needed precision to the term and the debate over its determinants. Barry Eichengreen, University of California, Berkeley, US This book combines currency matters with competitiveness considerations, with a view to raising the understanding of exchange rate dynamics and to analysing the role of exchange rates in reinforcing economic competitiveness. The overall focus is on highlighting the link between currency developments and the real side of the economy. From a regional perspective, the contributions centre on developments in Central, Eastern and South-eastern Europe and thus put a special emphasis on aspects of transition and convergence. More specifically, the book addresses key issues of financial globalization and global imbalances; the role of macroeconomic fundamentals in exchange rate economics; the role, objectives and challenges of regional monetary unions; exchange rate dynamics in transition economies and the competitiveness of catching-up countries. It also addresses the structural aspects of competitiveness and the significance of qualitative and quantitative aspects of competitiveness. Offering the views of eminent academics and professionals, this book will be of great interest to economists and central bankers as well as to international organizations, universities and research institutes.
Book Synopsis Real Exchange Rates and Productivity Growth in the United States and Japan by : Richard C. Marston
Download or read book Real Exchange Rates and Productivity Growth in the United States and Japan written by Richard C. Marston and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Real exchange rates between the yen and dollar based on general price indexes overestimate the competitiveness of the United States relative to Japan. High productivity growth in the traded sector of the Japanese economy results in a continuous fall in the prices of traded goods relative to nontraded goods in Japan. In order to keep U.S. traded goods competitive, the real exchange rate based on general price series like the GDP deflator or the CPI index must continually fall resulting in a real appreciation of the yen.This paper provides estimates of how far real exchange rates based on general price series would have had to fall over the 1973-83 period in order to keep U.S. traded goods competitive. The real exchange rate based on GDP deflators, for example, would have had to fall by 38% relative to the real exchange rate based on unit labor costs in the traded sector. The GDP series remained roughly constant over the period, thus giving the misleading impression that U.S. goods were still competitive despite a sharp rise in the relative price of U.S. traded goods. The paper also provides estimates of the relative wage changes which would have to occur to restore the competitiveness of U.S. traded goods
Book Synopsis The Impact of Capital and Foreign Exchange Flowson the Competitiveness of Developing Countries by : Mr.Bassem Kamar
Download or read book The Impact of Capital and Foreign Exchange Flowson the Competitiveness of Developing Countries written by Mr.Bassem Kamar and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2010-07-01 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Attracting capital and foreign exchange flows is crucial for developing countries. Yet, these flows could lead to real exchange rate appreciation and may thus have detrimental effects on competitiveness, jeopardizing exports and growth. This paper investigates this dilemma by comparing the impact of six types of capital and foreign exchange flows on real exchange rate behavior in a sample of 57 developing countries covering Africa, Europe, Asia, Latin America, and the Middle East. The results reveal that portfolio investments, foreign borrowing, aid, and income lead to real exchange rate appreciation, while remittances have disparate effects across regions. Foreign direct investments have no effect on the real exchange rate, contributing to resolve the above dilemma.
Book Synopsis Competitiveness and the Evolution of the Real Exchange Rate in Chile by : Ms.Martine Guerguil
Download or read book Competitiveness and the Evolution of the Real Exchange Rate in Chile written by Ms.Martine Guerguil and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1998-04-01 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper reviews the evolution of certain price and nonprice competitiveness indicators in Chile and concludes that the pecuniary loss of competitiveness associated with the appreciation of the peso since the late 1980s has been broadly offset by productivity gains and adjustments in factor intensity, particularly in the manufacturing sector. However, there may be limited room for further advances from that point, which gives new prominence to certain policy issues such as structural reforms to increase productivity, a reassessment of the tax treatment of the mining sector, and a rebalancing of the macroeconomic policy mix to dampen speculative capital inflows.
Download or read book Armenia written by Anke Weber and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2011-01-01 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper uses a range of different methodologies to estimate the equilibrium real exchange rate in Armenia with both single-country and panel estimation techniques. We estimate a country specific autoregressive distributed lag model and then proceed with the estimation of a cointegrated panel consisting of transition economies in Europe and Central Asia. This addresses cross section dependence by using common correlated effects estimators. While our analysis focuses on Armenia, the methods are applicable to a large number of transition economies, and the paper thus provides an overview of methods that can be used to assess a country’s equilibrium exchange rate.
Book Synopsis Measuring Competitiveness in a World of Global Value Chains by : Mr.Tamim Bayoumi
Download or read book Measuring Competitiveness in a World of Global Value Chains written by Mr.Tamim Bayoumi and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2018-11-01 with total page 27 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: All common real effective exchange rate indexes assume trade is only in final goods, despite the growing presence of global supply chains. Extending effective exchange rate indexes to include such intermediate goods can imply radically different effective exchange rate weights, depending on the relative substitutability of goods in final demand and in production. Unfortunately, the effect of these shifts in weights are difficult to identify empirically because the two currencies most affected—the dollar and the renminbi—have moved closely together. As the renminbi becomes more flexible, however, it will be important to determine which assumptions are the most realistic.
Book Synopsis Balance of Payments, Exchange Rates, and Competitiveness in Transition Economies by : Mario I. Blejer
Download or read book Balance of Payments, Exchange Rates, and Competitiveness in Transition Economies written by Mario I. Blejer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-08-23 with total page 501 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Integrating transition economies into the global commercial and trade market system is a prolonged and risky process. This book is a collection of studies dealing with the different issues related to the liberalization of external relations in economies moving from a socialist to a market-based system The focus is on external sector developments, and the topics deal with balance of payments conditions, exchange rate policies and regimes, international competitiveness, international capital flows, trade, and other matters related to the integration of transition economies into the world economy. An understanding of the principles involved and of the experiences of both transition and advanced economies during this process is crucial to ensure its ultimate success. Written by internationally recognized scholars, the chapters cover these issues in a systematic manner. The first section treats current account developments, capital flows, and exchange rate policies in transition countries, the second section deals with specific issues related to international trade, and the final section consists of six specific country experiences. In this final section, a chapter dealing with the Russian Federation discusses the collapse of the ruble in August 1998.
Book Synopsis Demand for Value Added and Value-Added Exchange Rates by : Mr.Rudolfs Bems
Download or read book Demand for Value Added and Value-Added Exchange Rates written by Mr.Rudolfs Bems and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2015-09-08 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We examine the role of cross-border input linkages in governing how international relative price changes influence demand for domestic value added. We define a novel value-added real effective exchange rate (REER), which aggregates bilateral value-added price changes, and link this REER to demand for value added. Input linkages enable countries to gain competitiveness following depreciations by supply chain partners, and hence counterbalance beggar-thy-neighbor effects. Cross-country differences in input linkages also imply that the elasticity of demand for value added is country specific. Using global input-output data, we demonstrate these conceptual insights are quantitatively important and compute historical value-added REERs.
Book Synopsis When and Why Worry About Real Exchange Rate Appreciation? The Missing Link Between Dutch Disease and Growth by : International Monetary Fund
Download or read book When and Why Worry About Real Exchange Rate Appreciation? The Missing Link Between Dutch Disease and Growth written by International Monetary Fund and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2010-12-01 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We review the literature on Dutch disease, and document that shocks that trigger foreign exchange inflows (such as natural resource booms, surges in foreign aid, remittances, or capital inflows) appreciate the real exchange rate, generate factor reallocation, and reduce manufacturing output and net exports. We also observe that real exchange rate misalignment due to overvaluation and higher volatility of the real exchange rate lower growth. Regarding the effect of undervaluation of the exchange rate on economic growth, the evidence is mixed and inconclusive. However, there is no evidence in the literature that Dutch disease reduces overall economic growth. Policy responses should aim at adequately managing the boom and the risks associated with it.
