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Radionuclide Distribution And Transport In Terrestrial And Aquatic Ecosystems A Critical Review Of Data
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Download or read book Chernobyl written by Jim Smith and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-08-29 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the debate about the environmental cost of nuclear power and the issue of nuclear safety continues, a comprehensive assessment of the Chernobyl accident, its long-term environmental consequences and solutions to the problems found, is timely. Although many books have been published which discuss the accident itself and the immediate emergency response in great detail, none have dealt primarily with the environmental issues involved. The authors provide a detailed review of the long-term environmental consequences, in a wide range of ecosystems, many of which are only now becoming apparent. They also highlight responses and counter-measures to combat the environmental consequences and discuss health, social, psychological and economic impacts on the human population as well as the long-term effects on biota.
Book Synopsis Radioactivity in the Terrestrial Environment by :
Download or read book Radioactivity in the Terrestrial Environment written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2007-03-02 with total page 307 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Radioactivity in the Environment Series addresses the key aspects of this socially important and complex interdisciplinary subject. Presented objectively and with the ultimate authority gained from the many contributions by the world's leading experts, the negative and positive consequences of having a radioactive world around us is documented and given perspective. In a world in which nuclear science is not only less popular than in the past, but also less extensively taught in universities and colleges, this book series will fill a significant educational gap. Radioactivity in the Terrestrial Environment presents an updated and critical review of designing, siting, constructing and demonstrating the safety and environmental impact of deep repositories for radioactive wastes. It is structured to provide a broad perspective of this multi-faceted, multi-disciplinary topic providing enough detail for a non-specialist to understand the fundamental principles involved. Contains extensive references to sources of more detailed information Provides a detailed summary of radioactivity in terrestrial ecosystems, providing a substantial and essential reference on the subject Discusses lesser-known sources of radiation exposure that provide useful information for those seeking to place environmental radioactivity into perspective
Download or read book INIS Atomindex written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 1214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Radionuclide Contamination and Remediation Through Plants by : Dharmendra Kumar Gupta
Download or read book Radionuclide Contamination and Remediation Through Plants written by Dharmendra Kumar Gupta and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-07-14 with total page 315 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on the mechanistic (microscopic) understanding of radionuclide uptake by plants in contaminated soils and potential use of phytoremediation. The key features concern radionuclide toxicity in plants, how the radioactive materials are absorbed by plants, and how the plants cope with the toxic responses. The respective chapters examine soil classification, natural plant selection, speciation of actinides, kinetic modeling, and case studies on cesium uptake after radiation accidents. Radionuclide contaminants pose serious problems for biological systems, due to their chemical toxicity and radiological effects. The processes by which radionuclides can be incorporated into vegetation can either originate from activity interception by external plant surfaces (either directly from the atmosphere or from resuspended material), or through uptake of radionuclides via the root system. Subsequent transfer of toxic elements to the human food chain is a concrete danger. Therefore, the molecular mechanisms and genetic basis of transport into and within plants needs to be understood for two reasons: The effectiveness of radionuclide uptake into crop plants – so-called transfer coefficient – is a prerequisite for the calculation of dose due to the food path. On the other hand, efficient radionuclide transfer into plants can be made use of for decontamination of land – so-called phytoremediation, the direct use of living, green plants for in situ removal of pollutants from the environment or to reduce their concentrations to harmless levels.
Download or read book Marine Radioactivity written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2004-09-17 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book on Marine Radioactivity sets out to cover most of the aspects of marine radioactivity which have been the focus of scientific study in recent decades. The authors and their reviews divide into topic areas which have defined the field over its history. They cover the suite of natural radioisotopes which have been present in the oceans since their formation and quantitatively dominate the inventory of radioactivity in the oceans. Also addressed are the suite of artificial radionuclides introduced to the oceans as a consequence of the use of the atom for development of nuclear energy, nuclear weapons and various applications of nuclear science. The major source of these continues to derive from the global fallout of atmospheric tests of nuclear weapons in the 1950s and 1960s but also includes both planned and accidental releases of radioactivity from both civilian and military nuclear technology. The other division of the major study direction depends on whether the objective is to use the radionuclides as powerful tools to study oceanic processes, to describe and understand the ocean distribution of the various natural or artificial radionuclides or to assess the different radionuclides' impact on and pathways to man or marine organisms. The oceans cover 70% of the Earth's surface and thus contains a corresponding large share of the Earth's radioactivity. Marine Radioactivity covers topics of recent scientific study in this young field. It examines both natural radioactivity (radioactivity naturally present in oceans since their formation) and artificial radioactivity (radioactivity introduced by man and use of atomic and nuclear energy) with regard to possible effects on the global environment.
Book Synopsis Biophysico-Chemical Processes of Heavy Metals and Metalloids in Soil Environments by : Antonio Violante
Download or read book Biophysico-Chemical Processes of Heavy Metals and Metalloids in Soil Environments written by Antonio Violante and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2007-11-27 with total page 681 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by a multidisciplinary group of soil and environmental scientists, Biophysico-Chemical Processes of Heavy Metals and Metalloids in Soil Environments provides the scientific community with a critical qualitative and quantitative review of the fundamentals of the processes of pollutants in soil environments. The book covers pollutants' speciation, mobility, bioavailability and toxicity, and impacts on development of innovative restoration strategies. In addition, the development of innovative remediation strategies for polluted soils is covered.
Book Synopsis Radionuclides in the Environment by : Clemens Walther
Download or read book Radionuclides in the Environment written by Clemens Walther and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-10-30 with total page 277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides extensive and comprehensive information to researchers and academicians who are interested in radionuclide contamination, its sources and environmental impact. It is also useful for graduate and undergraduate students specializing in radioactive-waste disposal and its impact on natural as well as manmade environments. A number of sites are affected by large legacies of waste from the mining and processing of radioactive minerals. Over recent decades, several hundred radioactive isotopes (radioisotopes) of natural elements have been produced artificially, including 90Sr, 137Cs and 131I. Several other anthropogenic radioactive elements have also been produced in large quantities, for example technetium, neptunium, plutonium and americium, although plutonium does occur naturally in trace amounts in uranium ores. The deposition of radionuclides on vegetation and soil, as well as the uptake from polluted aquifers (root uptake or irrigation) are the initial point for their transfer into the terrestrial environment and into food chains. There are two principal deposition processes for the removal of pollutants from the atmosphere: dry deposition is the direct transfer through absorption of gases and particles by natural surfaces, such as vegetation, whereas showery or wet deposition is the transport of a substance from the atmosphere to the ground by snow, hail or rain. Once deposited on any vegetation, radionuclides are removed from plants by the airstre am and rain, either through percolation or by cuticular scratch. The increase in biomass during plant growth does not cause a loss of activity, but it does lead to a decrease in activity concentration due to effective dilution. There is also systemic transport (translocation) of radionuclides within the plant subsequent to foliar uptake, leading the transfer of chemical components to other parts of the plant that have not been contaminated directly.
Book Synopsis Handbook on Radiation Environment, Volume 1 by : Dinesh Kumar Aswal
Download or read book Handbook on Radiation Environment, Volume 1 written by Dinesh Kumar Aswal and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 700 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Handbook of Parameter Values for the Prediction of Radionuclide Transfer in Terrestrial and Freshwater Environments by : International Atomic Energy Agency
Download or read book Handbook of Parameter Values for the Prediction of Radionuclide Transfer in Terrestrial and Freshwater Environments written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides data for use in assessments of routine discharges of radionuclides to terrestrial and freshwater environments. Some of the data may also be useful for assessing the impacts of accidental releases and releases in the future.
Book Synopsis Radiochemistry and Nuclear Chemistry by : Gregory Choppin
Download or read book Radiochemistry and Nuclear Chemistry written by Gregory Choppin and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 2002 with total page 726 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Origin of Nuclear Science; Nuclei, Isotopes and Isotope Separation; Nuclear Mass and Stability; Unstable Nuclei and Radioactive Decay; Radionuclides in Nature; Absorption of Nuclear Radiation; Radiation Effects on Matter; Detection and Measurement Techniques; Uses of Radioactive Tracers; Cosmic Radiation and Elementary Particles; Nuclear Structure; Energetics of Nuclear Reactions; Particle Accelerators; Mechanics and Models of Nuclear Reactions; Production of Radionuclides; The Transuranium Elements; Thermonuclear Reactions: the Beginning and the Future; Radiation Biology and Radiation Protection; Principles of Nuclear Power; Nuclear Power Reactors; Nuclear Fuel Cycle; Behavior of Radionuclides in the Environment; Appendices; Solvent Extraction Separations; Answers to Exercises; Isotope Chart; Periodic Table of the Elements; Quantities and Units; Fundamental Constants; Energy Conversion Factors; Element and Nuclide Index; Subject Index.
Book Synopsis Freshwater and Estuarine Radioecology by : G. Desmet
Download or read book Freshwater and Estuarine Radioecology written by G. Desmet and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1997 with total page 527 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hardbound. The Chernobyl accident drew attention to the difficulties of understanding the dynamics of radionuclide transport through the environment using older methods developed after the pseudo steady state pollution resulting after the weapons testing fallout. More recent approaches, which are reported in this book, have incorporated both the dynamic aspects highlighted by the pulse Chernobyl input and the importance of improvement in models that can be brought about by constraining parameters on the basis of a knowledge of the fundamental physics, chemistry, biology and ecology of the ecosystems involved. The papers within this volume include hydrodynamic models of suspended solids transport, ion exchange interpretation of radionuclide sorption: approaches applying a knowledge of membrane transport kinetics to the uptake of radionuclides by biota; the effects of different ecological niches on the relative uptake of radionuclides by different species;
Book Synopsis Radioecology and the Restoration of Radioactive-Contaminated Sites by : F.F. Luykx
Download or read book Radioecology and the Restoration of Radioactive-Contaminated Sites written by F.F. Luykx and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most of the nuclear facilities built since the Second World War have ceased active operation and have been decommissioned. Some of the sites are heavily contaminated with radioactive substances. Correct and efficient action to mitigate the radiological consequences of such contamination will only be possible when the behaviour of radionuclides in the terrestrial environment is sufficiently well known. Yet radioecologists often find it difficult to study the transfer of radioactivity in agricultural land and semi-natural ecosystems, because of the complexity and diversity of such environments. The present book presents an analysis of all the factors that affect the behaviour of radionuclides as they move from their point of release through the environment and then enter the tissues of biota living in the ecosystems, in particular plants and animals consumed by humans. The course on which the book is based was held in a region that is heavily contaminated by radioactive discharges into the environment during nuclear weapons fabrication in the 1950s and '60s, and due to a severe accidental release following the explosion of a rad-waste tank in 1957. This allowed in situ training of the students. The book's main emphasis is on specific radioecological problems in severely contaminated areas in the former Soviet Union: the Southern Urals Trail, the rivers Techa-Isert-Tobol-Irtis-Ob, and the 30 km zone around Chernobyl. Systems examined include soils, arable and pasture land, forests, lakes and rivers. Special attention is paid to the effects of radiation on natural ecosystems: trees, soil-dwelling organisms, and aquatic organisms. Synergistic effects are also considered. Short, medium and long term countermeasures are discussed.
Book Synopsis Low-level Measurements Of Man-made Radionuclides In The Environment - Proceedings Of The 2nd International Summer School by : M Garcia-leon
Download or read book Low-level Measurements Of Man-made Radionuclides In The Environment - Proceedings Of The 2nd International Summer School written by M Garcia-leon and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 1991-03-22 with total page 486 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume gives an up-to-date account of the methods used in the detection of artificial radionuclides and their spread in the environment.
Book Synopsis Current Catalog by : National Library of Medicine (U.S.)
Download or read book Current Catalog written by National Library of Medicine (U.S.) and published by . This book was released on with total page 1060 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First multi-year cumulation covers six years: 1965-70.
Book Synopsis Radioecology: Lectures In Environmental Radioactivity by : E Holm
Download or read book Radioecology: Lectures In Environmental Radioactivity written by E Holm and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 1994-08-31 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These lectures presented by experts from the Nordic countries are collected with the purpose of education in the field of environmental radioactivity. The book may be used in university courses on, eg., health physics and environmental science. Administrators and managers of environmental programmes may also find useful background information.The book covers all important aspects of environmental radioactivity such as source terms, atmospheric transport, processes in aquatic and terrestrial systems, radiochemistry and measurement techniques, radioactivity in man, modeling and assessment of absorbed doses.The Nordic Committee for Nuclear Safety Research, NKS, organises joint research programmes such as the above lectures to strive for a better understanding in the Nordic countries of factors influencing nuclear safety, radiation protection and emergency provisions.
Book Synopsis Human and Ecological Risk Assessment by : Dennis J. Paustenbach
Download or read book Human and Ecological Risk Assessment written by Dennis J. Paustenbach and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-05-22 with total page 1476 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: Theory and Practice assembles the expertise of more than fifty authorities from fifteen different fields, forming a comprehensive reference and textbook on risk assessment. Containing two dozen case studies of environmental or human health risk assessments, the text not only presents the theoretical underpinnings of the discipline, but also serves as a complete handbook and "how-to" guide for individuals conducting or interpreting risk assessments. In addition, more than 4,000 published papers and books in the field are cited. Editor Dennis Paustenbach has assembled chapters that present the most current methods for conducting hazard identification, dose-response and exposure assessment, and risk characterization components for risk assessments of any chemical hazard to humans or wildlife (fish, birds, and terrestrials). Topics addressed include hazards posed by: Air emissions Radiological hazards Contaminated soil and foods Agricultural hazards Occupational hazards Consumer products and water Hazardous waste sites Contaminated air and water The bringing together of so many of the world's authorities on these topics, plus the comprehensive nature of the text, promises to make Human and Ecological Risk Assessment the text against which others will be measured in the coming years.
Book Synopsis Environmental Radiochemical Analysis II by : Peter Warwick
Download or read book Environmental Radiochemical Analysis II written by Peter Warwick and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2007-10-31 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Environmental Radiochemical Analysis II brings together comprehensive, up-to-date information from international experts in the field. Coverage includes information on new methods of radionuclide analyses, developments and improvements in existing methods, method comparisons, gamma detector performance and new software products, method uncertainty, underground laboratory facilities, method QA and QC, field studies covering colloid work, in-situ injection into rock strata and sampling of reduced waters for actinide assay. This stimulating, authoritative text makes essential reading for practising radioanalysts and provides valuable information for researchers and professionals in academia and industry.
