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Radiation And Shielding In Space
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Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Bioastronautics by : Laurence R. Young
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Bioastronautics written by Laurence R. Young and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-01-15 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive encyclopedia serves the needs of biomedical researchers, space mission planners and engineers, aerospace medicine physicians, graduate students, and professors interested in obtaining an up-to-date and readable introduction to bioastronautics, the science of humans in space. Following the excitement and progress of the birth of the space age in the fifties and sixties, with the successes in human space flight – culminating with the Moon landings – the field of bioastronautics retreated into the more workmanlike arena of successively longer stays in low Earth orbit. At this time, major new initiatives are ahead both in human and robotic space exploration. The International Space Station, along with the developing Chinese space station and lunar program, will permit the development and testing of the means of astronaut protection for long duration missions – eventually to Mars and its moons, as well as visits to asteroids, other NEOs, and the Lagrange points. New life support systems and innovative approaches to radiation protection beyond Earth’s magnetic field will all be developed and tested. Meanwhile, the search for extraterrestrial life, past or even present, is accelerating – with the spectacular finds of Martian water and the discovery of potentially habitable extra-solar planets. A new generation of scientists is ready to attack a new set of problems, and is in need of an efficient, accurate and searchable means of discovering the essentials of the field. This reference work also covers the challenges, past achievements, and potential solutions inherent to the safe exploration of distant space and the search for life off our planet. The entries summarize the tertiary literature and include sufficient data and illustrations to introduce each topic, while avoiding the length and detail of scientific review articles.
Book Synopsis Electromagnetic Radiation in Space by : J.G. Emming
Download or read book Electromagnetic Radiation in Space written by J.G. Emming and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The subject of this volume in the Astrophysics and Space Science Library is Electro magnetic Radiation in Space. It is essentially based on the lectures given at the third ESRO Summer School which was held from 19 July to 13 August, 1965, in Alpbach, Austria. Fifty-eight selected students attended the courses representing the following countries: Austria (2), Belgium (1), Denmark (1), France (12), Germany (10), Italy (7), Netherlands (2), Spain (4), Sweden (6), Switzerland (3), United Kingdom (9), United States (1). Thirteen lectures courses and nine seminars were given by sixteen different scientists in total. In this book the courses and seminars have been classified in three parts according to the kind of radiation which they mainly deal with: Ultraviolet Radiation, X Radiation and Cosmic Radiation. These parts can be broken down further in theo retical and observational aspects, whereas in the first and second part solar as well as stellar ultraviolet- and X-radiation can be distinguished. * Due to various reasons the publication of this volume had to be delayed; it was therefore judged appropriate to bring the text up to date. The various lecturers have been asked to revise the manuscripts and to eventually add new information which has been acquired in this rapidly evolving field of space astrophysics. Most authors have responded positively to this request, some even have completely rewritten the manuscript.
Book Synopsis Managing Space Radiation Risk in the New Era of Space Exploration by : National Research Council
Download or read book Managing Space Radiation Risk in the New Era of Space Exploration written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2008-06-29 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As part of the Vision for Space Exploration (VSE), NASA is planning for humans to revisit the Moon and someday go to Mars. An important consideration in this effort is protection against the exposure to space radiation. That radiation might result in severe long-term health consequences for astronauts on such missions if they are not adequately shielded. To help with these concerns, NASA asked the NRC to further the understanding of the risks of space radiation, to evaluate radiation shielding requirements, and recommend a strategic plan for developing appropriate mitigation capabilities. This book presents an assessment of current knowledge of the radiation environment; an examination of the effects of radiation on biological systems and mission equipment; an analysis of current plans for radiation protection; and a strategy for mitigating the risks to VSE astronauts.
Book Synopsis Space Radiation and Astronaut Safety by : Erik Seedhouse
Download or read book Space Radiation and Astronaut Safety written by Erik Seedhouse and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-04-18 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This brief explores the biological effects of long-term radiation on astronauts in deep space. As missions progress beyond Earth's orbit and away from the protection of its magnetic shielding, astronauts risk constant exposure to higher levels of galactic cosmic rays and solar particle events. The text concisely addresses the full spectrum of biomedical consequences from exposure to space radiation and goes on to present possible ways to mitigate such dangers and protect astronauts within the limitations of existing technologies.
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :030947082X Total Pages :89 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (94 download)
Book Synopsis Testing at the Speed of Light by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book Testing at the Speed of Light written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2018-06-08 with total page 89 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Spacecraft depend on electronic components that must perform reliably over missions measured in years and decades. Space radiation is a primary source of degradation, reliability issues, and potentially failure for these electronic components. Although simulation and modeling are valuable for understanding the radiation risk to microelectronics, there is no substitute for testing, and an increased use of commercial-off-the- shelf parts in spacecraft may actually increase requirements for testing, as opposed to simulation and modeling. Testing at the Speed of Light evaluates the nation's current capabilities and future needs for testing the effects of space radiation on microelectronics to ensure mission success and makes recommendations on how to provide effective stewardship of the necessary radiation test infrastructure for the foreseeable future.
Book Synopsis Managing Space Radiation Risk in the New Era of Space Exploration by : National Research Council
Download or read book Managing Space Radiation Risk in the New Era of Space Exploration written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2008-05-29 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As part of the Vision for Space Exploration (VSE), NASA is planning for humans to revisit the Moon and someday go to Mars. An important consideration in this effort is protection against the exposure to space radiation. That radiation might result in severe long-term health consequences for astronauts on such missions if they are not adequately shielded. To help with these concerns, NASA asked the NRC to further the understanding of the risks of space radiation, to evaluate radiation shielding requirements, and recommend a strategic plan for developing appropriate mitigation capabilities. This book presents an assessment of current knowledge of the radiation environment; an examination of the effects of radiation on biological systems and mission equipment; an analysis of current plans for radiation protection; and a strategy for mitigating the risks to VSE astronauts.
Download or read book ICRP Publication 123 written by ICRP, and published by SAGE Publications Limited. This book was released on 2013-08-26 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During their occupational activities in space, astronauts are exposed to ionising radiation from natural radiation sources present in this environment. They are, however, not usually classified as being occupationally exposed in the sense of the general ICRP system for radiation protection of workers applied on Earth. The exposure assessment and risk-related approach described in this report is clearly restricted to the special situation in space, and should not be applied to any other exposure situation on Earth. The report describes the terms and methods used to assess the radiation exposure of astronauts, and provides data for the assessment of organ doses.
Book Synopsis Radiation Hazard in Space by : L.I. Miroshnichenko
Download or read book Radiation Hazard in Space written by L.I. Miroshnichenko and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The mono graph contains 8 chapters, and their contents cover all principal aspects of the problem: 1. Introduction and brief his tory ofthe radiation problem and background information ofradiation hazard in the near-Earth and interplanetary space. 2. General description of radiation conditions and main sources of charged partic1es in the Earth's environment and interplanetary space, effects of space environment on spacecraft. 3. Basic information about physical conditions in space and main sources of charged particles in the Earth's environment and interplanetary space, in the context of "Space W eather" monitoring and prediction. 4. Trapped radiation belts of the Earth (ERB): theory of their origin, spatial and temporal dynamics, and experimental and statistical models. 5. Galactic cosmic rays (GCR): variations of energetic, temporal and spatial characteristics, long-term modulation, and anomalous cosmic ray (ACR) component, modeling oftheir dynamics. 6. Production of energetic particles (SEPs) at/ne ar the Sun: available databases, acceleration, propagation, and prediction of individual SEP event, statistical models of solar cosmic rays (SCR). 7. Existing empirical techniques of estimating, prediction and modeling of radiation hazard, methodical approaches and constraints, some questions of changes in the Earth's radiation environment due to changes of the solar activity level. 8. Unresolved problems of radiation hazard prediction and spacecraft protection, radiation experiments on board the spacecraft, estimating of radiation conditions during interplanetary missions. Space does not allow us to explain every time the solar-terrestrial and radiation physics nomencIature used in current English-language literature.
Book Synopsis Stress Challenges and Immunity in Space by : Alexander Choukèr
Download or read book Stress Challenges and Immunity in Space written by Alexander Choukèr and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-11-27 with total page 756 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explains how stress – either psychological or physical – can activate and/or paralyse human innate or adaptive immunity. Adequate immunity is crucial for maintaining health, both on Earth and in space. During space flight, human physiology is specifically challenged by complex environmental stressors, which are most pronounced during lunar or interplanetary missions. Adopting an interdisciplinary approach, the book identifies the impact of these stressors – the space exposome – on immunity as a result of (dys-)functions of specific cells, organs and organ networks. These conditions (e.g. gravitation changes, radiation, isolation/confinement) affect immunity, but at the same time provide insights that may help to prevent, diagnose and address immune-related health alterations. Written by experts from academia, space agencies and industry, the book is a valuable resource for professionals, researchers and students in the field of medicine, biology and technology. The chapters “The Impact of Everyday Stressors on the Immune System and Health”, “Stress and Radiation Responsiveness” and “Assessment of Radiosensitivity and Biomonitoring of Exposure to Space adiation” are available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.
Book Synopsis Shielding Strategies for Human Space Exploration by : John William Wilson
Download or read book Shielding Strategies for Human Space Exploration written by John William Wilson and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of the workshop was to define requirements for the development and evaluation of high performance shield materials and designs and to develop ideas regarding approaches to radiation shielding.
Book Synopsis Space Physics and Aeronomy, Space Weather Effects and Applications by : Anthea J. Coster
Download or read book Space Physics and Aeronomy, Space Weather Effects and Applications written by Anthea J. Coster and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-04-27 with total page 243 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examines how solar and terrestrial space phenomena affect sophisticated technological systems Contemporary society relies on sophisticated technologies to manage electricity distribution, communication networks, transportation safety, and myriad other systems. The successful design and operation of both ground-based and space-based systems must consider solar and terrestrial space phenomena and processes. Space Weather Effects and Applications describes the effects of space weather on various present-day technologies and explores how improved instrumentation to measure Earth's space environment can be used to more accurately forecast changes and disruptions. Volume highlights include: Damage and disruption to orbiting satellite equipment by solar particles and cosmic rays Effects of space radiation on aircraft at high altitudes and latitudes Response of radio and radar-based systems to solar bursts Disturbances to the propagation of radio waves caused by space weather How geomagnetic field changes impact ground-based systems such as pipelines Impacts of human exposure to the space radiation environment The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals. Find out more about the Space Physics and Aeronomy collection in this Q&A with the Editors in Chief
Book Synopsis Radiation in Space: Relevance and Risk for Human Missions by : Christine E. Hellweg
Download or read book Radiation in Space: Relevance and Risk for Human Missions written by Christine E. Hellweg and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-07-23 with total page 111 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume of the series Springer Briefs in Space Life Sciences explains the physics and biology of radiation in space, defines various forms of cosmic radiation and their dosimetry, and presents a range of exposure scenarios. It also discusses the effects of radiation on human health and describes the molecular mechanisms of heavy charged particles’ deleterious effects in the body. Lastly, it discusses countermeasures and addresses the vital question: Are we ready for launch? Written for researchers in the space life sciences and space biomedicine, and for master’s students in biology, physics, and medicine, the book will also benefit all non-experts endeavouring to understand and enter space.
Book Synopsis An Evaluation of Radiation Exposure Guidance for Military Operations by : Institute of Medicine
Download or read book An Evaluation of Radiation Exposure Guidance for Military Operations written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1997-10-28 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Radiation Shielding by : J. Kenneth Shultis
Download or read book Radiation Shielding written by J. Kenneth Shultis and published by Amer Nuclear Society. This book was released on 2000-01-01 with total page 537 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This newly published book is intended for dual use as a textbook for students in radiation shielding courses and a reference work for shielding practitioners. It emphasizes the principles behind techniques used in various aspects of shield analysis and presents these principles in many different contexts. This approach is intended to provide a strong base of understanding in order to facilitate use of the large shielding codes that have come to dominate shielding design and analysis. An assumption is made that the reader has an understanding of mathematics through basic calculus and vector analysis as well as a knowledge of the nuclear physics of radioactive decay. For most chapters, problem sets are provided.
Book Synopsis Recent Trends on Electromagnetic Environmental Effects for Aeronautics and Space Applications by : Nikolopoulos, Christos D.
Download or read book Recent Trends on Electromagnetic Environmental Effects for Aeronautics and Space Applications written by Nikolopoulos, Christos D. and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2020-11-27 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electromagnetic compatibility and regulatory compliance issues are subjects of great importance in electronics engineering. Avoiding problems regarding an electronic system's operation, while always important, is especially critical in space missions and satellite structures. Many problems can be traced to EM field disturbances as interference from unintended sources and other electromagnetic phenomena. As a result, stringent requirements are to be met in terms of electromagnetic emissions levels. The inclusion of this electromagnetic environment in the design of a multimillion mission can lead to a system that is able to withstand whatever challenge the environment throws at it. Failure to do so may lead to important data corruption or loss, destruction of expensive instruments, waste of resources, and even a total mission failure. Research in this area focuses on the studying of the applications of electromagnetic compatibility and electromagnetic interference in the space industry. Recent Trends on Electromagnetic Environmental Effects for Aeronautics and Space Applications will provide relevant theoretical frameworks and the latest empirical research findings in electromagnetic compatibility and electromagnetic interference (EMC/EMI) for the aerospace industry. This book examines all the necessary information for all matters that can possibly affect the system design of a spacecraft and can be a useful reference to space system engineers and more. While highlighting topics such as artificial intelligence, electromagnetic testing, environmental shielding, and EMC modelling techniques, this book is ideal for professionals, spacecraft designers, science and data processing managers, electrical and mechanical engineers, EMC testing engineers, and researchers working in the aerospace industry along with practitioners, researchers, academicians, and students looking for necessary information for all the matters that can possibly affect the system design of a spacecraft.
Book Synopsis Radiation and the International Space Station by : National Research Council
Download or read book Radiation and the International Space Station written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-03-25 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A major objective of the International Space Station is learning how to cope with the inherent risks of human spaceflightâ€"how to live and work in space for extended periods. The construction of the station itself provides the first opportunity for doing so. Prominent among the challenges associated with ISS construction is the large amount of time that astronauts will be spending doing extravehicular activity (EVA), or "space walks." EVAs from the space shuttle have been extraordinarily successful, most notably the on-orbit repair of the Hubble Space Telescope. But the number of hours of EVA for ISS construction exceeds that of the Hubble repair mission by orders of magnitude. Furthermore, the ISS orbit has nearly twice the inclination to Earth's equator as Hubble's orbit, so it spends part of every 90-minute circumnavigation at high latitudes, where Earth's magnetic field is less effective at shielding impinging radiation. This means that astronauts sweeping through these regions will be considerably more vulnerable to dangerous doses of energetic particles from a sudden solar eruption. Radiation and the International Space Station estimates that the likelihood of having a potentially dangerous solar event during an EVA is indeed very high. This report recommends steps that can be taken immediately, and over the next several years, to provide adequate warning so that the astronauts can be directed to take protective cover inside the ISS or shuttle. The near-term actions include programmatic and operational ways to take advantage of the multiagency assets that currently monitor and forecast space weather, and ways to improve the in situ measurements and the predictive power of current models.
Author :National Aeronautics and Space Adm Nasa Publisher :Independently Published ISBN 13 :9781792719264 Total Pages :26 pages Book Rating :4.7/5 (192 download)
Book Synopsis Overview of Hzetrn and Brntrn Space Radiation Shielding Codes by : National Aeronautics and Space Adm Nasa
Download or read book Overview of Hzetrn and Brntrn Space Radiation Shielding Codes written by National Aeronautics and Space Adm Nasa and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2018-12-28 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The NASA Radiation Health Program has supported basic research over the last decade in radiation physics to develop ionizing radiation transport codes and corresponding data bases for the protection of astronauts from galactic and solar cosmic rays on future deep space missions. The codes describe the interactions of the incident radiations with shield materials where their content is modified by the atomic and nuclear reactions through which high energy heavy ions are fragmented into less massive reaction products and reaction products are produced as radiations as direct knockout of shield constituents or produced as de-excitation products in the reactions. This defines the radiation fields to which specific devices are subjected onboard a spacecraft. Similar reactions occur in the device itself which is the initiating event for the device response. An overview of the computational procedures and data base with some applications to photonic and data processing devices will be given. Wilson, John W. and Cucinotta, F. A. and Shinn, J. L. and Simonsen, L. C. and Badavi, F. F. Langley Research Center ...
