Race and America's Immigrant Press

Download Race and America's Immigrant Press PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
ISBN 13 : 1441161996
Total Pages : 361 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (411 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Race and America's Immigrant Press by : Robert M. Zecker

Download or read book Race and America's Immigrant Press written by Robert M. Zecker and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2011-06-30 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Race was all over the immigrant newspaper week after week. As early as the 1890s the papers of the largest Slovak fraternal societies covered lynchings in the South. While somewhat sympathetic, these articles nevertheless enabled immigrants to distance themselves from the "blackness" of victims, and became part of a strategy of asserting newcomers' tentative claims to "whiteness." Southern and eastern European immigrants began to think of themselves as white people. They asserted their place in the U.S. and demanded the right to be regarded as "Caucasians," with all the privileges that accompanied this designation. Circa 1900 eastern Europeans were slightingly dismissed as "Asiatic" or "African," but there has been insufficient attention paid to the ways immigrants themselves began the process of race tutoring through their own institutions. Immigrant newspapers offered a stunning array of lynching accounts, poems and cartoons mocking blacks, and paeans to America's imperial adventures in the Caribbean and Asia. Immigrants themselves had a far greater role to play in their own racial identity formation than has so far been acknowledged.

Race and Transnationalism in the Americas

Download Race and Transnationalism in the Americas PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : University of Pittsburgh Press
ISBN 13 : 082298816X
Total Pages : 279 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (229 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Race and Transnationalism in the Americas by : Benjamin Bryce

Download or read book Race and Transnationalism in the Americas written by Benjamin Bryce and published by University of Pittsburgh Press. This book was released on 2021-05-04 with total page 279 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: National borders and transnational forces have been central in defining the meaning of race in the Americas. Race and Transnationalism in the Americas examines the ways that race and its categorization have functioned as organizing frameworks for cultural, political, and social inclusion—and exclusion—in the Americas. Because racial categories are invariably generated through reference to the “other,” the national community has been a point of departure for understanding race as a concept. Yet this book argues that transnational forces have fundamentally shaped visions of racial difference and ideas of race and national belonging throughout the Americas, from the late nineteenth century to the present. Examining immigration exclusion, indigenous efforts toward decolonization, government efforts to colonize, sport, drugs, music, populism, and film, the authors examine the power and limits of the transnational flow of ideas, people, and capital. Spanning North America, Central America, South America, and the Caribbean, the volume seeks to engage in broad debates about race, citizenship, and national belonging in the Americas.

America Classifies the Immigrants

Download America Classifies the Immigrants PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 0674425057
Total Pages : 465 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (744 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis America Classifies the Immigrants by : Joel Perlmann

Download or read book America Classifies the Immigrants written by Joel Perlmann and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2018-03-26 with total page 465 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Joel Perlmann traces the history of U.S. classification of immigrants, from Ellis Island to the present day, showing how slippery and contested ideas about racial, national, and ethnic difference have been. His focus ranges from the 1897 List of Races and Peoples, through changes in the civil rights era, to proposals for reform of the 2020 Census.

Race and America's Immigrant Press

Download Race and America's Immigrant Press PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781628928273
Total Pages : 348 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (282 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Race and America's Immigrant Press by : Robert Zecker

Download or read book Race and America's Immigrant Press written by Robert Zecker and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

How Race Is Made in America

Download How Race Is Made in America PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Univ of California Press
ISBN 13 : 0520280075
Total Pages : 232 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (22 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis How Race Is Made in America by : Natalia Molina

Download or read book How Race Is Made in America written by Natalia Molina and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2014 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How Race Is Made in America examines Mexican AmericansÑfrom 1924, when American law drastically reduced immigration into the United States, to 1965, when many quotas were abolishedÑto understand how broad themes of race and citizenship are constructed. These years shaped the emergence of what Natalia Molina describes as an immigration regime, which defined the racial categories that continue to influence perceptions in the United States about Mexican Americans, race, and ethnicity. Molina demonstrates that despite the multiplicity of influences that help shape our concept of race, common themes prevail. Examining legal, political, social, and cultural sources related to immigration, she advances the theory that our understanding of race is socially constructed in relational waysÑthat is, in correspondence to other groups. Molina introduces and explains her central theory, racial scripts, which highlights the ways in which the lives of racialized groups are linked across time and space and thereby affect one another. How Race Is Made in America also shows that these racial scripts are easily adopted and adapted to apply to different racial groups.

Putting Their Hands on Race

Download Putting Their Hands on Race PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Rutgers University Press
ISBN 13 : 1978800487
Total Pages : 264 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (788 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Putting Their Hands on Race by : Danielle T. Phillips-Cunningham

Download or read book Putting Their Hands on Race written by Danielle T. Phillips-Cunningham and published by Rutgers University Press. This book was released on 2019-12-13 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Winner of the 2020 Sarah A. Whaley Book Prize from the National Women's Studies Association Putting Their Hands on Race offers an important labor history of 19th and early 20th century Irish immigrant and US southern Black migrant domestic workers. Drawing on a range of archival sources, this intersectional study explores how these women were significant to the racial labor and citizenship politics of their time. Their migrations to northeastern cities challenged racial hierarchies and formations. Southern Black migrant women resisted the gendered racism of domestic service, and Irish immigrant women strove to expand whiteness to position themselves as deserving of labor rights. On the racially fractious terrain of labor, Black women and Irish immigrant women, including Victoria Earle Matthews, the “Irish Rambler”, Leonora Barry, and Anna Julia Cooper, gathered data, wrote letters and speeches, marched, protested, engaged in private acts of resistance in the workplace, and created women’s institutions and organizations to assert domestic workers’ right to living wages and protection.

At America's Gates

Download At America's Gates PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Univ of North Carolina Press
ISBN 13 : 0807863130
Total Pages : 346 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (78 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis At America's Gates by : Erika Lee

Download or read book At America's Gates written by Erika Lee and published by Univ of North Carolina Press. This book was released on 2004-01-21 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882, Chinese laborers became the first group in American history to be excluded from the United States on the basis of their race and class. This landmark law changed the course of U.S. immigration history, but we know little about its consequences for the Chinese in America or for the United States as a nation of immigrants. At America's Gates is the first book devoted entirely to both Chinese immigrants and the American immigration officials who sought to keep them out. Erika Lee explores how Chinese exclusion laws not only transformed Chinese American lives, immigration patterns, identities, and families but also recast the United States into a "gatekeeping nation." Immigrant identification, border enforcement, surveillance, and deportation policies were extended far beyond any controls that had existed in the United States before. Drawing on a rich trove of historical sources--including recently released immigration records, oral histories, interviews, and letters--Lee brings alive the forgotten journeys, secrets, hardships, and triumphs of Chinese immigrants. Her timely book exposes the legacy of Chinese exclusion in current American immigration control and race relations.

Between Race and Ethnicity

Download Between Race and Ethnicity PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : University of Illinois Press
ISBN 13 : 0252054423
Total Pages : 252 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (52 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Between Race and Ethnicity by : Marilyn Halter

Download or read book Between Race and Ethnicity written by Marilyn Halter and published by University of Illinois Press. This book was released on 2022-10-17 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Arriving in New England first as crew members of whaling vessels, Afro-Portuguese immigrants from Cape Verde later came as permanent settlers and took work in the cranberry industry, on the docks, and as domestic workers. Marilyn Halter combines oral history with analyses of ships' records to chart the history and adaptation patterns of the Cape Verdean Americans. Though identifying themselves in ethnic terms, Cape Verdeans found that their African-European ancestry led their new society to view them as a racial group. Halter emphasizes racial and ethnic identity formation to show how Cape Verdeans set themselves apart from the African Americans while attempting to shrug off white society's exclusionary tactics. She also contrasts rural life on the bogs of Cape Cod with New Bedford’s urban community to reveal the ways immigrants established their own social and religious groups as they strove to maintain their Crioulo customs.

The Politics of Belonging

Download The Politics of Belonging PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 022605733X
Total Pages : 269 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (26 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Politics of Belonging by : Natalie Masuoka

Download or read book The Politics of Belonging written by Natalie Masuoka and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2013-08-12 with total page 269 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The United States is once again experiencing a major influx of immigrants. Questions about who should be admitted and what benefits should be afforded to new members of the polity are among the most divisive and controversial contemporary political issues. Using an impressive array of evidence from national surveys, The Politics of Belonging illuminates patterns of public opinion on immigration and explains why Americans hold the attitudes they do. Rather than simply characterizing Americans as either nativist or nonnativist, this book argues that controversies over immigration policy are best understood as questions over political membership and belonging to the nation. The relationship between citizenship, race, and immigration drive the politics of belonging in the United States and represents a dynamism central to understanding patterns of contemporary public opinion on immigration policy. Beginning with a historical analysis, this book documents why this is the case by tracing the development of immigration and naturalization law, institutional practices, and the formation of the American racial hierarchy. Then, through a comparative analysis of public opinion among white, black, Latino, and Asian Americans, it identifies and tests the critical moderating role of racial categorization and group identity on variation in public opinion on immigration.

How Race Is Made in America

Download How Race Is Made in America PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Univ of California Press
ISBN 13 : 0520280083
Total Pages : 225 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (22 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis How Race Is Made in America by : Natalia Molina

Download or read book How Race Is Made in America written by Natalia Molina and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2014 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How Race Is Made in America examines Mexican Americans—from 1924, when American law drastically reduced immigration into the United States, to 1965, when many quotas were abolished—to understand how broad themes of race and citizenship are constructed. These years shaped the emergence of what Natalia Molina describes as an immigration regime, which defined the racial categories that continue to influence perceptions in the United States about Mexican Americans, race, and ethnicity. Molina demonstrates that despite the multiplicity of influences that help shape our concept of race, common themes prevail. Examining legal, political, social, and cultural sources related to immigration, she advances the theory that our understanding of race is socially constructed in relational ways—that is, in correspondence to other groups. Molina introduces and explains her central theory, racial scripts, which highlights the ways in which the lives of racialized groups are linked across time and space and thereby affect one another. How Race Is Made in America also shows that these racial scripts are easily adopted and adapted to apply to different racial groups.

Black Ethnics

Download Black Ethnics PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 0199989311
Total Pages : 226 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (999 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Black Ethnics by : Christina M. Greer

Download or read book Black Ethnics written by Christina M. Greer and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2013-06-27 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In an age where racial and ethnic identity intersect, intertwine, and interact in increasingly complex ways, Black Ethnics: Race, Immigration, and the Pursuit of the American Dream offers a superb and rigorous analysis of black politics and coalitions in the post-Civil Rights era. Using an original survey of a New York City labor population and multiple national data sources, author Christina M. Greer explores the political significance of ethnicity for new immigrant and native-born blacks. Black Ethnics concludes that racial and ethnic identities affect the ways in which black ethnic groups conceptualize their possibilities for advancement and placement within the American polity. The ethnic and racial dual identity for blacks leads to significant distinctions in political behavior, feelings of incorporation, and policy choices in ways not previously theorized. The steady immigration of black populations from Africa and the Caribbean over the past few decades has fundamentally changed the racial, ethnic, and political landscape in the U.S. An important question for social scientists is how these 'new' blacks will behave politically in the US. Should we expect new black immigrants to orient themselves to politics in the same manner as native Blacks? Will the different histories of the new immigrants and native-born blacks lead to different political orientations and behavior, and perhaps to political tensions and conflict among black ethnic groups residing in America? And to what extent will this new population fracture the black coalition inside of the Democratic party? With increases in immigration of black ethnic populations in the U.S., the political, social, and economic integration processes of black immigrants does not completely echo that of native-born American blacks. The emergent complexity of black intra-racial identity and negotiations within the American polity raise new questions about black political incorporation, assimilation, acceptance, and fulfillment of the American Dream. By comparing Afro-Caribbean and African groups to native-born blacks, this book develops a more nuanced and accurate understanding of the 'new black America' in the twenty-first century. Lastly, Black Ethnics explores how foreign-born blacks create new ways of defining and understanding black politics and coalitions in the post-Civil Rights era.

A Great Conspiracy Against Our Race

Download A Great Conspiracy Against Our Race PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : NYU Press
ISBN 13 : 1479853453
Total Pages : 182 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (798 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis A Great Conspiracy Against Our Race by : Peter G. Vellon

Download or read book A Great Conspiracy Against Our Race written by Peter G. Vellon and published by NYU Press. This book was released on 2017 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Racial history has always been the thorn in America's side, with a swath of injustices--slavery, lynching, segregation, and many other ills--perpetrated against Black people. This very history is complicated by, and also dependent on, what constitutes a white person in this country. Many of the European immigrant groups now considered white have also had to struggle with their own racial consciousness. In A Great Conspiracy against Our Race, Peter Vellon explores how Italian immigrants, a once undesirable and 'swarthy' race, assimilated into dominant white culture through the influential national and radical Italian language press in New York City. Examining the press as a cultural production of the Italian immigrant community, this book investigates how this immigrant press constructed race, class, and identity from 1886 through 1920. Their frequent coverage of racially charged events of the time, as well as other topics such as capitalism and religion, reveals how these papers constructed a racial identity as Italian, American, and white. A Great Conspiracy against Our Race vividly illustrates how the immigrant press was a site where socially constructed categories of race, color, civilization, and identity were reworked, created, contested, and negotiated. Vellon also uncovers how Italian immigrants filtered societal pressures and redefined the parameters of whiteness, constructing their own identity. This work is an important contribution to not only Italian American history, but America's history of immigration and race"--Provided by publisher.

Creating a New Racial Order

Download Creating a New Racial Order PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 1400841941
Total Pages : 279 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (8 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Creating a New Racial Order by : Jennifer L. Hochschild

Download or read book Creating a New Racial Order written by Jennifer L. Hochschild and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2012-02-26 with total page 279 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A groundbreaking exploration of how race in America is being redefined The American racial order—the beliefs, institutions, and practices that organize relationships among the nation's races and ethnicities—is undergoing its greatest transformation since the 1960s. Creating a New Racial Order takes a groundbreaking look at the reasons behind this dramatic change, and considers how different groups of Americans are being affected. Through revealing narrative and striking research, the authors show that the personal and political choices of Americans will be critical to how, and how much, racial hierarchy is redefined in decades to come. The authors outline the components that make up a racial order and examine the specific mechanisms influencing group dynamics in the United States: immigration, multiracialism, genomic science, and generational change. Cumulatively, these mechanisms increase heterogeneity within each racial or ethnic group, and decrease the distance separating groups from each other. The authors show that individuals are moving across group boundaries, that genomic science is challenging the whole concept of race, and that economic variation within groups is increasing. Above all, young adults understand and practice race differently from their elders: their formative memories are 9/11, Hurricane Katrina, and Obama's election—not civil rights marches, riots, or the early stages of immigration. Blockages could stymie or distort these changes, however, so the authors point to essential policy and political choices. Portraying a vision, not of a postracial America, but of a different racial America, Creating a New Racial Order examines how the structures of race and ethnicity are altering a nation.

One Quarter of the Nation

Download One Quarter of the Nation PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691255350
Total Pages : 232 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (912 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis One Quarter of the Nation by : Nancy Foner

Download or read book One Quarter of the Nation written by Nancy Foner and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2023-10-17 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An in-depth look at the many ways immigration has redefined modern America The impact of immigrants over the past half century has become so much a part of everyday life in the United States that we sometimes fail to see it. This deeply researched book by one of America’s leading immigration scholars tells the story of how immigrants are fundamentally changing this country. An astonishing number of immigrants and their children—nearly eighty-six million people—now live in the United States. Together, they have transformed the American experience in profound and far-reaching ways that go to the heart of the country’s identity and institutions. Unprecedented in scope, One Quarter of the Nation traces how immigration has reconfigured America’s racial order—and, importantly, how Americans perceive race—and played a pivotal role in reshaping electoral politics and party alignments. It discusses how immigrants have rejuvenated our urban centers as well as some far-flung rural communities, and examines how they have strengthened the economy, fueling the growth of old industries and spurring the formation of new ones. This wide-ranging book demonstrates how immigration has touched virtually every facet of American culture, from the music we dance to and the food we eat to the films we watch and books we read. One Quarter of the Nation opens a new chapter in our understanding of immigration. While many books look at how America changed immigrants, this one examines how they changed America. It reminds us that immigration has long been a part of American society, and shows how immigrants and their families continue to redefine who we are as a nation.

The Immigrant Exodus

Download The Immigrant Exodus PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : University of Pennsylvania Press
ISBN 13 : 1613630204
Total Pages : 107 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (136 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Immigrant Exodus by : Vivek Wadhwa

Download or read book The Immigrant Exodus written by Vivek Wadhwa and published by University of Pennsylvania Press. This book was released on 2012-10-02 with total page 107 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A 2012 ECONOMIST BOOK OF THE YEAR Many of the United States' most innovative entrepreneurs have been immigrants, from Andrew Carnegie, Alexander Graham Bell, and Charles Pfizer to Sergey Brin, Vinod Khosla, and Elon Musk. Nearly half of Fortune 500 companies and one-quarter of all new small businesses were founded by immigrants, generating trillions of dollars annually, employing millions of workers, and helping establish the United States as the most entrepreneurial, technologically advanced society on earth. Now, Vivek Wadhwa, an immigrant tech entrepreneur turned academic with appointments at Duke, Stanford, Emory, and Singularity Universities, draws on his new Kauffman Foundation research to show that the United States is in the midst of an unprecedented halt in high-growth, immigrant-founded start-ups. He argues that increased competition from countries like China and India and US immigration policies are leaving some of the most educated and talented entrepreneurial immigrants with no choice but to take their innovation elsewhere. The consequences to our economy are dire; our multi-trillion dollar loss will be the gain of our global competitors. With his signature fearlessness and clarity, Wadhwa offers a concise framework for understanding the Immigrant Exodus and offers a recipe for reversal and rapid recovery.

Immigrant Acts

Download Immigrant Acts PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Duke University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780822318644
Total Pages : 276 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (186 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Immigrant Acts by : Lisa Lowe

Download or read book Immigrant Acts written by Lisa Lowe and published by Duke University Press. This book was released on 1996 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Immigrant Acts, Lisa Lowe argues that understanding Asian immigration to the United States is fundamental to understanding the racialized economic and political foundations of the nation. Lowe discusses the contradictions whereby Asians have been included in the workplaces and markets of the U.S. nation-state, yet, through exclusion laws and bars from citizenship, have been distanced from the terrain of national culture. Lowe argues that a national memory haunts the conception of Asian American, persisting beyond the repeal of individual laws and sustained by U.S. wars in Asia, in which the Asian is seen as the perpetual immigrant, as the "foreigner-within." In Immigrant Acts, she argues that rather than attesting to the absorption of cultural difference into the universality of the national political sphere, the Asian immigrant--at odds with the cultural, racial, and linguistic forms of the nation--displaces the temporality of assimilation. Distance from the American national culture constitutes Asian American culture as an alternative site that produces cultural forms materially and aesthetically in contradiction with the institutions of citizenship and national identity. Rather than a sign of a "failed" integration of Asians into the American cultural sphere, this critique preserves and opens up different possibilities for political practice and coalition across racial and national borders. In this uniquely interdisciplinary study, Lowe examines the historical, political, cultural, and aesthetic meanings of immigration in relation to Asian Americans. Extending the range of Asian American critique, Immigrant Acts will interest readers concerned with race and ethnicity in the United States, American cultures, immigration, and transnationalism.

New Destination Dreaming

Download New Destination Dreaming PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Stanford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0804777527
Total Pages : 387 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (47 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis New Destination Dreaming by : Helen Marrow

Download or read book New Destination Dreaming written by Helen Marrow and published by Stanford University Press. This book was released on 2011-03-31 with total page 387 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New York, Chicago, and Los Angeles have long been shaped by immigration. These gateway cities have traditionally been assumed to be the major flashpoints in American debates over immigration policy—but the reality on the ground is proving different. Since the 1980s, new immigrants have increasingly settled in rural and suburban areas, particularly within the South. Couple this demographic change with an increase in unauthorized immigrants, and the rural South, once perhaps the most culturally and racially "settled" part of the country, now offers a window into the changing dynamics of immigration and, more generally, the changing face of America. New Destination Dreaming explores how the rural context impacts the immigrant experience, how rapid Hispanic immigration influences southern race relations, and how institutions like schools and law enforcement agencies deal with unauthorized residents. Though the South is assumed to be an economically depressed region, low-wage food processing jobs are offering Hispanic newcomers the opportunity to carve out a living and join the rural working class, though this is not without its problems. Inattention from politicians to this growing population and rising black-brown tensions are both factors in contemporary rural southern life. Ultimately, Marrow presents a cautiously optimistic view of Hispanic newcomers' opportunities for upward mobility in the rural South, while underscoring the threat of anti-immigrant sentiment and restrictive policymaking that has gripped the region in recent years. Lack of citizenship and legal status still threatens many Hispanic newcomers' opportunities. This book uncovers what more we can do to ensure that America's newest residents become productive and integrated members of rural southern society rather than a newly excluded underclass.