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Quasi Fiscal Activities Hidden Government Subsidies And Fiscal Adjustment In Armenia
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Book Synopsis Quasi-fiscal activities, hidden government subsidies, and fiscal adjustment in Armenia by : Lev M. Freinkman
Download or read book Quasi-fiscal activities, hidden government subsidies, and fiscal adjustment in Armenia written by Lev M. Freinkman and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2003 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Quasi-Fiscal Activities, Hidden Government Subsidies, and Fiscal Adjustment in Armenia by : Lev Freinkman
Download or read book Quasi-Fiscal Activities, Hidden Government Subsidies, and Fiscal Adjustment in Armenia written by Lev Freinkman and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper aims to develop a detailed analysis of quasi-fiscal deficits and subsidies, and their impact on Armenia's fiscal performance in the second part of the 90-s. Based on the flow-of-funds approach, we estimate the magnitude of the quasi-fiscal deficits and the incidence of quasi-fiscal subsidies in Armenia, as well as identify main recipients and donors of quasi-fiscal financing. The main finding of the paper is that, while quasi-fiscal deficits in Armenia remain considerable, their recent decline has been the main source of fiscal adjustment in Armenia to date. The paper also shows that the population remains a major ultimate recipient of quasi-fiscal subsidies. Thus, the main distortive impact of quasi-fiscal subsidies is on social policy, not on enterprise restructuring and private sector performance.
Book Synopsis Quasi-fiscal Activities, Hidden Government Subsidies, and Fiscal Adjustment in Armenia by : Lev M. Freinkman
Download or read book Quasi-fiscal Activities, Hidden Government Subsidies, and Fiscal Adjustment in Armenia written by Lev M. Freinkman and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2003 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper analyzes quasi-fiscal deficits and subsidies, and their impact on ArmeniaA's fiscal performance in the second part of the 1990s. In addition, it discusses the specific features of quasi-fiscal financing in transition economies. Estimates of ArmeniaA's actuarial and hidden deficits in the second part of the 1990s shows that its deficits were relatively modest compared to similar economies. While these deficits remain, they have declined recently, becoming the main source of fiscal adjustment in Armenia. This study also presents a comprehensive picture of subsidization in Armenia, including hidden and quasi-fiscal subsidies that were a primary cause of the hidden deficit. The paper shows the ultimate sources and main beneficiaries of these subsidies. It concludes that the main distortive impact of quasi-fiscal subsidies is on social policy, not on enterprise restructuring and private sector performance.
Book Synopsis WTO’s Legal Regime on Subsidies and Its Impact on Social And Economic Justice As Enshrined in The Indian Constitution by : Dr. A. S. Rao
Download or read book WTO’s Legal Regime on Subsidies and Its Impact on Social And Economic Justice As Enshrined in The Indian Constitution written by Dr. A. S. Rao and published by Laxmi Book Publication. This book was released on 2023-10-20 with total page 521 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is a known fact that David Ricardo was the first to clearly articulate the benefits of free trade. If one looks at that the economists, entrepreneurs, and politician vigorously stressing the gains of free trade one would expect free trade to flourish in international trade without any barriers but protectionism in the form of subsidies still persists. The volume of international trade and foreign investment has increased substantially since the end of World War II but so has protection. All countries practice some type of protectionism in the form of tariffs, subsidies and more generally non tariff barriers (NTBs).However governments world over have in the last 20 years signaled they supported the free trade. But the failure for an agreement at the WTO meetings is a proof to the resilience of the protection and the ability of the special interests to get what they want out of their governments. [1] State Subsidies in the Global Economy by Nikolaos Zahariadis, Palgrave Macmillan, New York, 2008, Chpater-1
Book Synopsis Deregulation and Its Discontents by : M. Ramesh
Download or read book Deregulation and Its Discontents written by M. Ramesh and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2006-01-01 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: . . . an extremely interesting collection, full of insights and institutional detail. . . The book definitely deserves the attention of those interested in one of the most debated issues of the last 20 years in economics and political science. Herb Thompson, Journal of Contemporary Asia Deregulation and its Discontents examines the different ways in which the issues related to deregulation and reregulation have been addressed in Asia. The role of government in business has gone through distinct, if overlapping, cycles: regulation, deregulation and reregulation. However, little is known about deregulation and even less about reregulation, particularly in relation to Asia. The contributors to this book examine the links between the cycles through detvailed analyses of the electricity market, pensions and stock markets in the Asia Pacific. They also offer an explanation of regulatory cycles. This unique and inter-disciplinary book is thoroughly accessible and will be suitable for specialist as well as non-specialist readers. It will appeal to academics and researchers of public sector economics, Asian studies and the political economy of Asia in particular as well as public officials dealing with regulatory issues.
Book Synopsis People and Power by : Julian A. Lampietti
Download or read book People and Power written by Julian A. Lampietti and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2007 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Empirical insights on household behavior and electricity consumption patterns in this book reveal that, in Europe and Central Asia, the erosion of tariff based subsidies has disproportionately affected the poor, while direct transfers through social benefit systems have often been inadequately targeted. The book suggests alternative strategies for achieving cost-recovery in the electricity sector in a socially and politically acceptable manner, providing lessons that are equally relevant for other utilities and regions.
Book Synopsis Economic Management in a Hyperinflationary Environment by : George Kararach
Download or read book Economic Management in a Hyperinflationary Environment written by George Kararach and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2016-02-11 with total page 575 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume provides an accessible and up-to-date account of the difficulties that the Zimbabwean economy and its population experienced during the crisis which peaked in 2008. It details the suffering and chaos that befell the country with dramatic socio-economic consequences on growth, macroeconomic stability, service delivery, livelihoods, and development. The volume seeks to provide a political economy analysis of leadership and economic management in developing economies based on Zimbabwe's experience. It examines the triggers of the crisis, and the negative impact on productive sectors such as manufacturing and agriculture, social sectors such as education and health, and on financial services. The volume will be of interest to students of policy and economic management, as well as to government departments, central banks in developing countries, development agencies, donors, and NGOs.
Book Synopsis Promotion of Green Electricity in Germany and Turkey by : Onur Cagdas Artantas
Download or read book Promotion of Green Electricity in Germany and Turkey written by Onur Cagdas Artantas and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-12-02 with total page 213 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The global energy economy is undergoing a profound transformation, yielding several pivotal objectives. Foremost among these is mitigating greenhouse gas emissions and toxic pollutants. Another essential goal involves promoting more sustainable economies, thereby curbing material consumption and reducing our reliance on resource extraction. Further priorities include fostering energy security and economic resilience by reducing dependence on external energy sources. All these aims overlap in one common policy: accelerating the renewable energy capacity deployment. Complementing this paradigm shift is the complete electrification of economic activities and households, resulting in the need to incentivize green electricity generation. In this context, this book undertakes a comprehensive exploration of the regulatory framework underpinning the advancement of green electricity. After reviewing the political and economic dimensions, it offers an exhaustive analysis of ongoing developments in four legal domains: The WTO, EU, Germany, and Turkey. Furthermore, the book presents a legal analysis of the intricate interplay between the WTO and EU law coupled with the German and Turkish models. It focuses on the most topical and relevant issues, including the effect of the ongoing energy crisis on state aid for green electricity in the EU; WTO case law on local content requirement components of the promotion schemes; the intricate legal, economic, and political challenges that accompany Germany’s Energiewende and its phasing out of coal and nuclear energy; and Turkey’s regulatory endeavors to bolster its energy self-sufficiency strategy. Following a thorough examination encompassing theoretical, regulatory, and comparative aspects, the book moves beyond the applicable legal framework to make concrete proposals on the future design of green electricity promotion in Germany and Turkey so as to facilitate a rapid but socially equitable energy transition by incentivizing economic efficiency.
Book Synopsis Public Expenditure Review of Armenia by : World Bank
Download or read book Public Expenditure Review of Armenia written by World Bank and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2003 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis HMSO Agency Catalogue by : Great Britain. Her Majesty's Stationery Office
Download or read book HMSO Agency Catalogue written by Great Britain. Her Majesty's Stationery Office and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Politics and Policies in Post-Communist Transition by : K roly Attila So¢s
Download or read book Politics and Policies in Post-Communist Transition written by K roly Attila So¢s and published by Central European University Press. This book was released on 2011-01-01 with total page 203 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Discusses the policies, practices and outcomes of privatization in six transition economies: the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Russia, Slovenia and Ukraine, paying particular attention to cross-country differences and to interrelations between the processes of privatisation and the political transition from communism to a new system.The analysis is restricted to the privatisation in those fields where its methods have been strongly different from privatisations in advanced market economies and where differences of privatisation principles and techniques among our six countries were also rather various. This is basically the privatisation of middle-sized and large enterprises, not including banks, non-bank financial companies, natural monopolies and agricultural entities.
Book Synopsis Historical Dictionary of Armenia by : Rouben Paul Adalian
Download or read book Historical Dictionary of Armenia written by Rouben Paul Adalian and published by Scarecrow Press. This book was released on 2010-05-13 with total page 751 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There are two Armenias: the current Republic of Armenia and historic Armenia. The modern state dates from the early 20th century. Historic Armenia was part of the ancient world and expired in the Middle Ages. Its people, however, survived, and from its residue recreated a new country. The history of the Armenians is the story of how an ancient people endured into modern times and how its culture evolved from one conceived under the influence of Mesopotamia to one redefined by the civilization of Europe. The second edition of the Historical Dictionary of Armenia relates the turbulent past of this persistent country through a chronology, an introductory essay, a bibliography, and over 200 cross-referenced dictionary entries on significant persons, events, places, organizations, and other aspects of Armenian history from the earliest times to the present.
Book Synopsis Index to International Statistics by :
Download or read book Index to International Statistics written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 1064 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis American Book Publishing Record by :
Download or read book American Book Publishing Record written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 676 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Government Subsidies by : Mr.Benedict J. Clements
Download or read book Government Subsidies written by Mr.Benedict J. Clements and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1995-09-01 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper addresses the problems of defining and measuring government subsidies, examines why and how government subsidies are used as a fiscal policy tool, assesses their economic effects, appraises international empirical evidence on government subsidies, and offers options for their reform. Recent international trends in government subsidy expenditure are analyzed for the 16-year period from 1975 to 1990, using general government subsidy data for 60 countries from the System of National Accounts (SNA) and central government expenditure on subsidies and other current transfers for 68 countries from Government Finance Statistics (GFS). The paper reviews major policy options for subsidy reform, focusing on ways to improve the cost-effectiveness of subsidy programs.
Book Synopsis Social Snapshot and Poverty in the Republic of Armenia by :
Download or read book Social Snapshot and Poverty in the Republic of Armenia written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The World Bank Research Program 2004 by : World Bank
Download or read book The World Bank Research Program 2004 written by World Bank and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2005 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The World Bank's research is intended to address critical issues and problems facing member governments in developing and transition economies. How can the governments of the poorest countries generate enough revenue to provide the education and health services essential to reducing poverty and promoting growth and development? How can poor countries attract investors to build the infrastructure their economies need? How can they develop systems to bring clean water to the 2 billion people without it today? How can they train teachers and bring to class the 115 million children who have not yet received any education? And how can rich countries be persuaded to lower market barriers, helping to reverse the decline in export prices for poor countries that has left them earning less from trade today than in the 1970s? These are the types of questions that are addressed in this edition of 'The World Bank Research Program: Abstracts from Current Studies'. This volume reports on research projects initiated, under way, or completed from July 2003 through June 2004. It covers 151 research projects on several broad development related issues, including agriculture, health, education, environment, infrastructure, investment climate, and more. The abstract for each project describes the questions addressed, the analytic methods used, the findings to date, and policy implications.
