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Quantitative Spectroscopic Characterization Of Surface Metal Oxide Catalytic Active Sites
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Book Synopsis Quantitative Spectroscopic Characterization of Surface Metal Oxide Catalytic Active Sites by : Hanjing Tian
Download or read book Quantitative Spectroscopic Characterization of Surface Metal Oxide Catalytic Active Sites written by Hanjing Tian and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A quantitative spectroscopic method was successfully developed by the combination of Raman spectroscopy (both UV and Visible excitation) and UV/Vis Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (DRS). This method has the potential ability to quantitatively characterize the structure of surface species and intermediates, as well as reaction mechanism of supported molybdena and vanadia catalysts in real time and under various conditions (ambient, dehydrated and reaction condition). It was found that the edge energy values of molybdena and vanadia coordination are LIEANERLY degree with the degree of polymerization, this linear relationship could be used to quantitatively determine surface structure of metal oxide. In this approach, for the first time, the surface concentration of monomeric/polymeric VO4 species on supported vanadia catalysts can be measured; and the turnover frequency of monomic/polymeric VO4 on propane oxidative dehydration can be separately determined. The results concluded V-O-support bond is the active site for the propane oxidative dehydration. In this approach, for the first time, the surface structure of Mo/HZSM5 will be assigned as isolated MoO4 and the surface Al-(MoO 4)3 is the active site for methane activation.
Book Synopsis Catalytic Properties of Surfaces Sites on Metal Oxides and Their Characterization by X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy by : R. G. Squires
Download or read book Catalytic Properties of Surfaces Sites on Metal Oxides and Their Characterization by X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy written by R. G. Squires and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 57 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The catalytic activity and selectivity of many oxide catalysts can be varied by controlling the oxidation state of the surface oxide. The development of techniques to control and to measure the surface oxidation state (or states) would make possible novel catalysts with enhanced activity and/or dual site catalysts with unique selectivity properties. Two methods of controlling the surface states are investigated. (a) The dispersion of the active catalysts on an inactive support will be varied in hopes that the stable oxidation state at given ambient conditions will be influenced by the degree of dispersion of the catalysts. (b) Reactions at electrode surfaces will be studied in hopes that controlled potentials applied to the electrode will influence the oxidation state of the surface sites. The following report divided into three sections: Catalytic Studies, Characterization of Surface States by Electron Spectroscopy (especially x ray photoelectron spectroscopy), and Electrode Reaction Studies.
Book Synopsis Spectroscopy of Transition Metal Ions on Surfaces by : Bert M. Weckhuysen
Download or read book Spectroscopy of Transition Metal Ions on Surfaces written by Bert M. Weckhuysen and published by Leuven University Press. This book was released on 2000 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chemical industries are based on catalytic processes as both bulk and fine chemicals are often produced with heterogeneous catalysts. Transition metal ions dispersed on high-surface area inorganic solids are very important catalysts and a full characterization of these materials requires a profound knowledge of the oxidation state, coordination environment and dispersion of the metal ions on the catalyst surface. Such information can only be obtained by using a combination of complementary spectroscopic techniques. 'Spectroscopy of Transition metal ions on Surfaces' serves as an introduction to some of the most important spectroscopic techniques nowadays used for studying the chemistry and catalytic properties of transition metal ions on surfaces. The basic principles and the strengths and weaknesses of continuous wave electron spin resonance, pulsed electron spin resonance, solid state nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy are critically reviewed by internationally recognized experts. This gives the reader a solid background for judging literature results and for planning and conducting his/her own experiments. Each chapter closes with several relevant examples mainly from the recent literature. In addition, the use of in situ techniques and chemometrical techniques has been included because of its growing importance in catalyst characterization. As a consequence, the book has been written as a text not only for graduate students, but also for anyone else who is new in the field and wants a recent update. The following scientists have contributed to this textbook: Br.
Book Synopsis Catalytic Properties of Surface Sites on Metal Oxides and Their Characterization by X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy by : R. G. Squires
Download or read book Catalytic Properties of Surface Sites on Metal Oxides and Their Characterization by X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy written by R. G. Squires and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 57 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The catalytic activity and selectivity of many oxide catalysts can be varied by controlling the oxidation state of the surface oxide. Two methods of controlling the surface states are being investigated. (a) The dispersion of the active catalysts on an inactive support will be varied in hopes that the stable oxidation state at given ambient conditions will be influenced by the degree of dispersion of the catalysts. (b) Reactions at electrode surfaces will be studied in hopes that controlled potentials applied to the electrode will influence the oxidation state of the surface sites. The success of these techniques will be determined by measuring the catalytic activity and selectivity of various reactions on the oxide catalysts and measuring the resulting surface oxides formed by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS or ESCA). The following report briefly describes research on the topic. It is divided into three sections: Catalytic studies, characterization of surface states by ESCA; and electrode reaction studies.
Download or read book Metal Oxides written by J.L.G. Fierro and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2005-08-24 with total page 808 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The chemistry of metals has traditionally been more understood than that of its oxides. As catalytic applications continue to grow in a variety of disciplines, Metal Oxides: Chemistry and Applications offers a timely account of transition-metal oxides (TMO), one of the most important classes of metal oxides, in the context of catalysis. The
Book Synopsis Molecular Spectroscopy of Oxide Catalyst Surfaces by : Anatoli Davydov
Download or read book Molecular Spectroscopy of Oxide Catalyst Surfaces written by Anatoli Davydov and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2003-06-27 with total page 706 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As in the study of transition metal complexes in solution, molecular spectroscopic methods - principally the infrared, ultraviolet/visible and electron spin resonance spectroscopies - have played key roles in establishing the concepts of coordination chemistry occurring at the surfaces of solids. This book describes the development of the principals of coordination chemistry of oxide surfaces using analyses of data obtained by these methods. The nature, properties, concentration of the surface adsorption centers and their influence on the character of interaction with different molecules are investigated. The book commences with an account of the basic theoretical principles and experimental techniques of the various spectroscopy methods, with special attention devoted to in situ measurements where the oxide or catalyst sample is in contact with the adsorbate or the reactant. A detailed account is presented of the methods for characterizing the oxidation state and degree of coordination of surface cations and oxygen anions by the adsorption of probe molecules. The complexation of many inorganic, organometallic and organic molecules with different oxide systems is critically examined, and a classification of formed surface compounds, based on the interaction with definite type of adsorption centers, is given. Possible mechanisms of numerous catalytic reactions, including the transformation of organic molecules over acidic catalysts via the carboionic mechanism, are discussed using the spectroscopic identifications of reaction intermediates. A comprehensive analysis of the literature on the interpretation of the spectra of surface compounds on oxides is presented. This highly illustrated and extensively referenced volume is intended for specialists working in the fields of surface physical chemistry, surface and materials sciences, and adsorption phenomena and is essential reading for those involved in the heterogeneous catalysis by transition metal-oxides.
Book Synopsis Springer Handbook of Advanced Catalyst Characterization by : Israel E. Wachs
Download or read book Springer Handbook of Advanced Catalyst Characterization written by Israel E. Wachs and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-06-12 with total page 1109 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Co-edited by world-renowned scientists in the field of catalysis, this book contains the cutting-edge in situ and operando spectroscopy characterization techniques operating under reaction conditions to determine a materials’ bulk, surface, and solution complex and their applications in the field of catalysis with emphasis on solid catalysts in powder form since such catalyst are relevant for industrial applications. The handbook covers from widely-used to cutting-edge techniques. The handbook is written for a broad audience of students and professionals who want to pursue the full capabilities available by the current state-of-the-art in characterization to fully understand how their catalysts really operate and guide the rational design of advanced catalysts. Individuals involved in catalysis research will be interested in this handbook because it contains a catalogue of cutting-edge methods employed in characterization of catalysts. These techniques find wide use in applications such as petroleum refining, chemical manufacture, natural gas conversion, pollution control, transportation, power generation, pharmaceuticals and food processing. fdsfds
Book Synopsis Oxide-based Systems at the Crossroads of Chemistry by : Aldo Gamba
Download or read book Oxide-based Systems at the Crossroads of Chemistry written by Aldo Gamba and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2001-11-27 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Selected papers. High-resolution electron microscopy, neutron diffraction with isotopic substitution and x-ray absorption fine structure for the characterisation of active sites in oxide catalysts (John Meurig Thomas). Location of Bronsted and cation sites in dehydrated zeolites: a comparison (A. Alberti et al.). Characteristics in the photocatalytic reactivity of the tetrahedrally coordinated ti-oxide species designed within various types of zeolites and on support surfaces (M. Anpo et al.). Chemisorption and catalytic properties of gold nanoparticles on different oxides: electronic or structural effects? (F. Boccuzzi, A. Chiorino). The vibrational spectra of phosphorous oxynitride at high pressures (M. Capecchi et al.). Dissociative adsorption of H2 on defect sites of MgO: A combined IR spectroscopic and quantum chemical study (M. Cavalleri et al.). Modification of redox and catalytic properties of Kegging-type, Sb-doped P/Mo polyoxometa ...
Book Synopsis Transition Metal Oxides by : H.H. Kung
Download or read book Transition Metal Oxides written by H.H. Kung and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1989-04-01 with total page 299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book the author presents an up-to-date summary of existing information on the structure, electronic properties, chemistry and catalytic properties of transition metal oxides. The subjects covered in the book can be divided into three sections. The first (chapters 1 to 3) covers the structural, physical, magnetic, and electronic properties of transition metal oxides. Although the emphasis is on surface properties, relevant bulk properties are also discussed. The second section (chapters 4 to 7) covers surface chemical properties. It includes topics that describe the importance of surface coordinative unsaturation in adsorption, the formation of surface acidity and the role of acidity in determining surface chemical properties, the nature and reactivities of adsorbed oxygen, and the surface chemistry in the reduction of oxides. The third section (chapters 8 to 14) is on the catalytic properties. Various catalytic reactions including decomposition, hydrogenation, isomerization, metathesis, selective oxidation, and reactions involving carbon oxides are discussed. Emphasis is placed more on reaction mechanisms and the role of catalysts than on kinetics and processes. Chapters on the preparation of oxide catalysts and on photo-assisted processes are also included. Whenever appropriate, relationships between various topics are indicated. Written for surface physicists, chemists, and catalytic engineers, the book will serve as a useful source of information for investigators and as a comprehensive overview of the subject for graduate students.
Book Synopsis Metal Oxide Catalysis, 2 Volume Set by : S. David Jackson
Download or read book Metal Oxide Catalysis, 2 Volume Set written by S. David Jackson and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-12-23 with total page 887 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With its two-volume structure, this handbook and ready reference allows for comprehensive coverage of both characterization and applications, while uniform editing throughout ensures that the structure remains consistent. The result is an up-to-date review of metal oxides in catalysis. The first volume covers a range of techniques that are used to characterize oxides, with each chapter written by an expert in the field. Volume 2 goes on to cover the use of metal oxides in catalytic reactions. For all chemists and engineers working in the field of heterogeneous catalysis.
Book Synopsis Surface Spectroscopic Characterization of Oxide Thin Films and Bimetallic Model Catalysts by : Tao Wei
Download or read book Surface Spectroscopic Characterization of Oxide Thin Films and Bimetallic Model Catalysts written by Tao Wei and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Oxide thin films and bimetallic model catalysts have been studied using metastable impact electron spectroscopy (MIES), ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS), low energy ion scattering spectroscopy (LEISS), X- ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), low energy electron diffraction (LEED), infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRAS) and temperature programmed desorption (TPD) under ultra high vacuum (UHV) conditions. Of particular interest in this investigation was the characterization of the surface morphology and electronic/geometric structure of the following catalysts: SiO2/Mo(112), Ag/SiO2/Mo(112), Au-Pd/Mo(110), Au-Pd/SiO2/Mo(110), and Pd- Sn/Rh(100). Specifically, different types of oxide surface defects were directly identified by MIES. The interaction of metal clusters (Ag) with defects was examined by work function measurements. On various Pd related bimetallic alloy surfaces, CO chemisorption behavior was addressed by IRAS and TPD. Observed changes in the surface chemical properties during the CO adsorption-desorption processes were explained in terms of ensemble and ligand effects. The prospects of translating this molecular-level information into fundamental understanding of 'real world' catalysts are discussed.
Book Synopsis Metal Oxides in Heterogeneous Catalysis by : Jacques C. Vedrine
Download or read book Metal Oxides in Heterogeneous Catalysis written by Jacques C. Vedrine and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2018-01-11 with total page 620 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Metal Oxides in Heterogeneous Catalysis is an overview of the past, present and future of heterogeneous catalysis using metal oxides catalysts. The book presents the historical, theoretical, and practical aspects of metal oxide-based heterogeneous catalysis. Metal Oxides in Heterogeneous Catalysis deals with fundamental information on heterogeneous catalysis, including reaction mechanisms and kinetics approaches.There is also a focus on the classification of metal oxides used as catalysts, preparation methods and touches on zeolites, mesoporous materials and Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) in catalysis. It will touch on acid or base-type reactions, selective (partial) and total oxidation reactions, and enzymatic type reactions The book also touches heavily on the biomass applications of metal oxide catalysts and environmentally related/depollution reactions such as COVs elimination, DeNOx, and DeSOx. Finally, the book also deals with future trends and prospects in metal oxide-based heterogeneous catalysis. Presents case studies in each chapter that provide a focus on the industrial applications Includes fundamentals, key theories and practical applications of metal oxide-based heterogeneous catalysis in one comprehensive resource Edited, and contributed, by leading experts who provide perspectives on synthesis, characterization and applications
Book Synopsis Physico-chemical Analysis of Industrial Catalysts by : John Lynch
Download or read book Physico-chemical Analysis of Industrial Catalysts written by John Lynch and published by Editions TECHNIP. This book was released on 2003 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes the principal physico-chemical techniques for characterising the catalysts used in searching for new active phases, optimising the formulation and monitoring industrial production. Based on courses given at the Institut Francias du Peole for research technicians in the fields of kinetics and catalysis, this book covers useful basic theory and provides numerous examples of industrial applications. This guide is an essential companion for technicians and chemical engineers whose work requires an understanding of the fields of application, including the capabilities and the limits of today's complex characterisation techniques.Contents: Introduction. 1. d104ural characterisation of catalysts. 2. Atomic absorption spectrometry. 3. Atomic emission spectroscopy. 4. X-ray fluorescence. 5. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. 6. Ion impact analysis. 7. Scanning electron microscopy. 8. Elemental analysis in the electron microprobe. 9. Transmission electron microscopy. 10. X-ray diffraction and small-angle scattering. 11. Exafs. 12. Infrared absorption spectrometry. 13. Nuclear magnetic resonance. 14. Thermal analysis methods. Index
Book Synopsis Characterization of Catalytic Materials by : Israel E. Wachs
Download or read book Characterization of Catalytic Materials written by Israel E. Wachs and published by Momentum Press. This book was released on 2010 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Heterogeneous catalysis has undergone a revolutionary change in the past two decades due to the development of sophisticated characterization methods that provide fundamental information about the catalyst bulk structures, surfaces, and their properties. For the first time, these characterization methods have allowed researchers to "see" the surfaces of catalytic materials, their bulk structures (crystalline as well as amorphous phases), the influence of the process conditions on the catalytic material, as well as the effect of different synthesis methods. This new information has tremendously advanced our understanding of catalytic materials and their properties. These characterization methods have become our "eyes" and are indispensible in the development of new catalytic materials. It is hard to conceive of a modern heterogeneous catalysis activity, be it research or manufacturing, without the aid of these new characterization techniques.
Book Synopsis Characterization of Solid Materials and Heterogeneous Catalysts by : Michel Che
Download or read book Characterization of Solid Materials and Heterogeneous Catalysts written by Michel Che and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-04-16 with total page 1313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This two-volume book provides an overview of physical techniques used to characterize the structure of solid materials, on the one hand, and to investigate the reactivity of their surface, on the other. Therefore this book is a must-have for anyone working in fields related to surface reactivity. Among the latter, and because of its most important industrial impact, catalysis has been used as the directing thread of the book. After the preface and a general introduction to physical techniques by M. Che and J.C. Vedrine, two overviews on physical techniques are presented by G. Ertl and Sir J.M. Thomas for investigating model catalysts and porous catalysts, respectively. The book is organized into four parts: Molecular/Local Spectroscopies, Macroscopic Techniques, Characterization of the Fluid Phase (Gas and/ or Liquid), and Advanced Characterization. Each chapter focuses upon the following important themes: overview of the technique, most important parameters to interpret the experimental data, practical details, applications of the technique, particularly during chemical processes, with its advantages and disadvantages, conclusions.
Book Synopsis Spectroscopic Properties of Inorganic and Organometallic Compounds by : Jack Yarwood
Download or read book Spectroscopic Properties of Inorganic and Organometallic Compounds written by Jack Yarwood and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2011-07-31 with total page 279 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Annotation This series provides an unequalled source of information on an area of chemistry that continues to grow in importance. Divided into sections mainly according to the particular spectroscopic technique used, coverage in each volume includes: NMR (with reference to stereochemistry, dynamic systems, paramagnetic complexes, solid state NMR and Groups 13-18); nuclear quadrupole resonance spectroscopy; vibrational spectroscopy of main group and transition element compounds and coordinated ligands; and electron diffraction. Reflecting the growing volume of published work in the field, researchers will find this an invaluable source of information on current methods and applications.
Book Synopsis Metal Oxide Powder Technologies by : Yarub Al-Douri
Download or read book Metal Oxide Powder Technologies written by Yarub Al-Douri and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2020-06-02 with total page 454 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Metal Oxide Powder Technologies: Fundamentals, Processing Methods and Applications reviews the fundamentals, processing methods and applications of this key materials system. Topics addressed comprehensively cover chemical and physical properties, synthesis, preparation, both accepted and novel processing methods, modeling and simulation. The book provides fundamental information on the key properties that impact performance, such as particle size and crystal structure, along with methods to measure, analyze and evaluate. Finally, important applications are covered, including biomedical, energy, electronics and materials applications. Provides a comprehensive overview of key topics both on the theoretical side and the experimental Discusses important properties that impact metal oxide performance, processing methods (both novel and accepted), and important applications Reviews the most relevant applications, such as biomedical, energy, electronics and materials applications
