Quantifying The Seismic Vulnerability Of Bridges In Low To Moderate Seismicity Regions

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Quantifying the Seismic Vulnerability of Bridges in Low to Moderate Seismicity Regions

Author : John Edward Lens
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 296 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (11 download)

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Book Synopsis Quantifying the Seismic Vulnerability of Bridges in Low to Moderate Seismicity Regions by : John Edward Lens

Download or read book Quantifying the Seismic Vulnerability of Bridges in Low to Moderate Seismicity Regions written by John Edward Lens and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The U.S. Congressional Research Service issued a report for Congress in May 2016, entitled "Earthquake Risk and U.S. Highway Infrastructure: Frequently Asked Questions" which highlighted the absence of a national database on the status of seismic vulnerability of bridges or other infrastructure, and thus no estimate of costs to retrofit vulnerable bridges. Low to moderate seismicity regions exist in each of the continental United States, with over 30 states having mostly or entirely low-to-moderate seismicity. Resources at state transportation agencies and municipalities are focused on higher seismicity regions, creating a gap in quantifying the system-wide seismic vulnerability despite an overall aging bridge inventory, much of which was built before current seismic design standards. This research addressed this data gap and reduces barriers to quantifying seismic vulnerability of existing bridges in low-to-moderate seismicity regions. The work included nonlinear dynamic numerical modeling of typical multiple span bridge configurations in both pristine and deteriorated conditions, by subjecting them to seventy ground motions across four low-to-moderate seismic hazard levels, to evaluate their seismic performance. These typical bridge configurations represent over 160,000 bridges, which comprise 55% of the multiple span bridges nationwide. The research results indicate that there is an overall low probability of significant seismic damage to these typical bridges in such regions. The results also show that current seismic hazard thresholds used for the design of new bridges, and for retrofit of existing bridges, which provide the basis for exempting some bridges from specific seismic analysis and design, can underestimate the expected seismic forces. Those results can be used to refine those exemption thresholds to provide appropriate protection against potential seismic damage in those cases. The study results also formed the basis for a system-wide rapid seismic vulnerability screening algorithm developed for the Vermont bridge inventory, which is applicable to other states with low to moderate seismicity regions.

Transportation Infrastructure

Author :
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9781568069807
Total Pages : 76 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (698 download)

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Book Synopsis Transportation Infrastructure by :

Download or read book Transportation Infrastructure written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1993-07 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Focuses on threats that earthquakes pose to the nation1s bridges.

Seismic Vulnerability Assessment of Retrofitted Bridges Using Probabilistic Methods

Author : Jamie Ellen Padgett
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780549008798
Total Pages : 270 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (87 download)

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Book Synopsis Seismic Vulnerability Assessment of Retrofitted Bridges Using Probabilistic Methods by : Jamie Ellen Padgett

Download or read book Seismic Vulnerability Assessment of Retrofitted Bridges Using Probabilistic Methods written by Jamie Ellen Padgett and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is an urgent need for the development of fragility curves for retrofitted bridges, particularly for the CSUS. These fragility curves are conditional probability statements of potential levels of damage over a range of earthquake intensities. The development of reliable retrofitted bridge fragility curves would allow for assessment of the effects of various retrofit measures on the performance of different CSUS bridge types. Therefore, a primary objective of this work is to develop a methodology for fragility assessment of bridge retrofit, in order to support seismic risk mitigation efforts in the region.

Seismic Design and Retrofit of Bridges

Author : M. J. N. Priestley
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 9780471579984
Total Pages : 704 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (799 download)

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Book Synopsis Seismic Design and Retrofit of Bridges by : M. J. N. Priestley

Download or read book Seismic Design and Retrofit of Bridges written by M. J. N. Priestley and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 1996-04-12 with total page 704 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Because of their structural simplicity, bridges tend to beparticularly vulnerable to damage and even collapse when subjectedto earthquakes or other forms of seismic activity. Recentearthquakes, such as the ones in Kobe, Japan, and Oakland,California, have led to a heightened awareness of seismic risk andhave revolutionized bridge design and retrofit philosophies. In Seismic Design and Retrofit of Bridges, three of the world's topauthorities on the subject have collaborated to produce the mostexhaustive reference on seismic bridge design currently available.Following a detailed examination of the seismic effects of actualearthquakes on local area bridges, the authors demonstrate designstrategies that will make these and similar structures optimallyresistant to the damaging effects of future seismicdisturbances. Relying heavily on worldwide research associated with recentquakes, Seismic Design and Retrofit of Bridges begins with anin-depth treatment of seismic design philosophy as it applies tobridges. The authors then describe the various geotechnicalconsiderations specific to bridge design, such as soil-structureinteraction and traveling wave effects. Subsequent chapters coverconceptual and actual design of various bridge superstructures, andmodeling and analysis of these structures. As the basis for their design strategies, the authors' focus is onthe widely accepted capacity design approach, in which particularlyvulnerable locations of potentially inelastic flexural deformationare identified and strengthened to accommodate a greater degree ofstress. The text illustrates how accurate application of thecapacity design philosophy to the design of new bridges results instructures that can be expected to survive most earthquakes withonly minor, repairable damage. Because the majority of today's bridges were built before thecapacity design approach was understood, the authors also devoteseveral chapters to the seismic assessment of existing bridges,with the aim of designing and implementing retrofit measures toprotect them against the damaging effects of future earthquakes.These retrofitting techniques, though not considered appropriate inthe design of new bridges, are given considerable emphasis, sincethey currently offer the best solution for the preservation ofthese vital and often historically valued thoroughfares. Practical and applications-oriented, Seismic Design and Retrofit ofBridges is enhanced with over 300 photos and line drawings toillustrate key concepts and detailed design procedures. As the onlytext currently available on the vital topic of seismic bridgedesign, it provides an indispensable reference for civil,structural, and geotechnical engineers, as well as students inrelated engineering courses. A state-of-the-art text on earthquake-proof design and retrofit ofbridges Seismic Design and Retrofit of Bridges fills the urgent need for acomprehensive and up-to-date text on seismic-ally resistant bridgedesign. The authors, all recognized leaders in the field,systematically cover all aspects of bridge design related toseismic resistance for both new and existing bridges. * A complete overview of current design philosophy for bridges,with related seismic and geotechnical considerations * Coverage of conceptual design constraints and their relationshipto current design alternatives * Modeling and analysis of bridge structures * An exhaustive look at common building materials and theirresponse to seismic activity * A hands-on approach to the capacity design process * Use of isolation and dissipation devices in bridge design * Important coverage of seismic assessment and retrofit design ofexisting bridges

Seismic Vulnerability of New Highway Construction

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 28 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (1 download)

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Book Synopsis Seismic Vulnerability of New Highway Construction by :

Download or read book Seismic Vulnerability of New Highway Construction written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This executive summary gives an overview of the results of FHWA Contract DTFH61 92 C 00112, Seismic Research Program, which performed a series of special studies addressing the seismic design of new construction. The objectives of this project were to perform a series of special studies pertaining to the seismic vulnerability of highway structures, and to develop technical information on which future specifications for the seismic design of bridges could be based. This project divided work into 5 areas and 13 tasks, focusing on the following elements: review of current seismic design criteria, the seismic hazard exposure of the American highway system, foundation design and soil behavior, structural design, structural analysis and response, the relative importance of specific bridges and an assessment of the impact of current and recently completed research. The Seismic Research Program had a national focus, and aimed in part to address the differences in seismicity, bridge types, and typical design details between the central and eastern United States (CEUS) and those previously studied in California and the western United States. In many cases, west coast design practices required considerable modification before implementation in the CEUS. The project resulted in 34 research reports, of which 31 are summarized in this document. Seventeen of the reports have been published as National Center for Earthquake Engineering Research (NCEER) or Multidisciplinary Center for Earthquake Engineering Research (MCEER) reports. The research agencies final reports for the other taks are available from MCEER upon request.

Seismic Bridge Design and Retrofit -- Structural Solutions

Author : fib Fédération internationale du béton. Task Group: Seismic design and assessment procedures for bridges
Publisher : FIB - Féd. Int. du Béton
ISBN 13 : 2883940797
Total Pages : 3 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (839 download)

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Book Synopsis Seismic Bridge Design and Retrofit -- Structural Solutions by : fib Fédération internationale du béton. Task Group: Seismic design and assessment procedures for bridges

Download or read book Seismic Bridge Design and Retrofit -- Structural Solutions written by fib Fédération internationale du béton. Task Group: Seismic design and assessment procedures for bridges and published by FIB - Féd. Int. du Béton. This book was released on 2007 with total page 3 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bridge structures can give the impression that they are rather simple structural systems, whose seismic responses can be easily predicted. On the contrary, however, many bridges did not perform well in recent earthquakes, showing a need for increased research to understand various potential problems and collapse mechanisms. Indeed, progress has been made lately in design and assessment procedures around the world, and consequently many practices have changed. In this context, the objective of fib Bulletin 39 is to present, discuss and critically compare structural solutions for bridge seismic design and retrofit that have been developed and are now used all over the world, ten years after the publication of the last comprehensive manual on the subject. It is the result of the work of an international team of experts that collaborated intensively for over three years. The first four chapters of the Bulletin present a regional review of design choices, compare and discuss international design practices, and indicate their relative merits and potential problems. Current developments are treated in the next three chapters, with particular emphasis on design for enhanced damage control, for spatial variation of ground motion and for fault crossing. The last part presents a summary of current issues related to existing bridges. Extensive technical developments have been taking place in the last two decades with the goal of making bridges an important transportation infrastructure with limited damage during earthquakes. Realising this goal depends on regional seismicity, transportation systems, seismic performance goals, local cultures, and a wide range of design and construction practices, which are presented and discussed in this Bulletin.

Performance-based Seismic Bridge Design

Author : M. Lee Marsh
Publisher : Transportation Research Board
ISBN 13 : 0309223806
Total Pages : 138 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (92 download)

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Book Synopsis Performance-based Seismic Bridge Design by : M. Lee Marsh

Download or read book Performance-based Seismic Bridge Design written by M. Lee Marsh and published by Transportation Research Board. This book was released on 2013 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Synthesis 440, Performance-Based Seismic Bridge Design (PBSD) summarizes the current state of knowledge and practice for PBSD. PBSD is the process that links decision making for facility design with seismic input, facility response, and potential facility damage. The goal of PBSD is to provide decision makers and stakeholders with data that will enable them to allocate resources for construction based on levels of desired seismic performance"--Publisher's description.

Seismic Vulnerability Analysis of Bridges in Mountainous States

Author : Matt Hardman
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 34 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (864 download)

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Book Synopsis Seismic Vulnerability Analysis of Bridges in Mountainous States by : Matt Hardman

Download or read book Seismic Vulnerability Analysis of Bridges in Mountainous States written by Matt Hardman and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Depending on the location, highway bridges can often support considerable amounts of traffic. Due to the limitations on current earthquake forecasting techniques, a normal amount of traffic will also typically remain on a bridge when an earthquake occurs. In addition to traffic, scour effects are also a potential hazard to bridge piers that may simultaneously impact the structural integrity of the bridge together with seismic loads. Although a few studies investigating the combined effect of extreme and service loads have been conducted on long-span bridges or in high-seismic zones, the studies on typical short- and medium-span bridges in low and moderate seismic zones are rare. A general dynamic simulation methodology is introduced to study the combined realistic service and extreme loads on short- and medium-span bridges. Following the introduction of the methodology, a numerical study investigating the seismic performance of a typical highway bridge in mountainous states is carried out. The bridge is subjected to different combinations of traffic, seismic, and scour and the effects on the structural performance of the bridge are investigated. The bridge, including both superstructure and substructure, is modeled in detail using SAP2000 to accommodate the goals of this study. The traffic load is considered through dynamic interaction analysis of vehicles in the simulated stochastic traffic flow. Through studying the bridge performance under various combined extreme and service loads, findings are made about controlling cases for different bridge responses and the validity of the traditional superposition approach with consideration to load combinations is also discussed. As the initial effort studied the bridge performance under multiple service and extreme loads, this study sheds some light on more comprehensive studies for the future.

Seismic Vulnerability Assessment of Bridges for Retrofitting and New Design

Author : Pedram Farokh
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 96 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (13 download)

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Book Synopsis Seismic Vulnerability Assessment of Bridges for Retrofitting and New Design by : Pedram Farokh

Download or read book Seismic Vulnerability Assessment of Bridges for Retrofitting and New Design written by Pedram Farokh and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many bridges in North Eastern region of U.S. were designed prior to the adoption of the AASHTO LRFD Guide Specifications for seismic design and may be vulnerable to damage during an earthquake event. This study evaluates the seismic vulnerabilities of those bridges and the structural factors that could affect their performance during a seismic event. The effects of load demands and age deteriorations were also studied. Aging of certain bridge components such as bearings, columns, and bent caps can affect the capacity and demands of these components and accordingly might affect the global behavior and capacity of a bridge during an earthquake event. The concept of fragility curves was studied as a potential tool for evaluating the seismic performance of new bridges, existing bridges and retrofitted bridges for various bridge types subjected to different peak ground acceleration levels. Fragility curves represent the probability of a structure to experience damage levels higher than specific damage state at different peak ground acceleration. Possible retrofit measures for various bridge components were reviewed, and analyzed for their effectiveness. These include superstructure restrainers, stoppers, shear keys, isolation bearings, bent cap strengthening and column jacketing. Existing research shows that the concept of fragility curves can be used to identify bridge vulnerability and level of damage. They can also be used to identify performance and level of damage of various retrofit measures. The effect of aging of certain components such as stiffening and locking of bearings and corrosion of confining steel in columns need to be included when evaluating bridge load demands and capacities. Different types of concrete bridges (typical in North Eastern United States) were analyzed using elastic response spectrum and nonlinear push-over analysis for low, medium-to-high, and high seismicity levels. The effects of pier configuration, continuity between the superstructure and the substructure, and the number of spans were investigated. Analysis results showed that in the longitudinal direction, the displacement demand increased for multi-column bents compared to single-column bents. However, the overall D/C ratio dropped in both transverse and longitudinal directions. The results also showed that in the longitudinal direction the benefit of having multi-column bent over single-column bents in integral bridges is dependent on the seismicity levels. The D/C (demand/capacity) ratio for single column bents in the longitudinal direction was much lower for integral (monolithic) bents compared to non-integral bents. In the transverse directions, the difference in the D/C ratio was not significant. For multi-column bents, the percent change by having integral bents over non-integral bents was dependent on the seismicity levels. For high seismicity zones, the benefits of having Integral bents becomes more significant. This investigation presents guidance on incorporating the effects of aging and retrofitting in the finite element modeling of bridges subjected to various levels of earthquake ground motions.

Seismic Vulnerability of Timber Bridges and Timber Substructures

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 202 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)

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Book Synopsis Seismic Vulnerability of Timber Bridges and Timber Substructures by :

Download or read book Seismic Vulnerability of Timber Bridges and Timber Substructures written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Quantification of Bridge Performance Variability Due to Modeling Uncertainties

Author : Bahareh Mobasher
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781369228724
Total Pages : 160 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (287 download)

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Book Synopsis Quantification of Bridge Performance Variability Due to Modeling Uncertainties by : Bahareh Mobasher

Download or read book Quantification of Bridge Performance Variability Due to Modeling Uncertainties written by Bahareh Mobasher and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There are nearly 610,000 public road bridges across the United States; approximately 25000 of existing bridges are locate in California--a high seismic zone. Observations from previous seismic events reveal that earthquakes have a significant damaging effect on bridges leading to major consequence on the economy of the affected area. In light of these effects, various studies have focused on quantifying the seismic vulnerability of bridges aiming at improving bridge design codes accordingly.The research effort presented herein intends to develop a comprehensive and efficient model that includes the coupling of bridge critical components such as shear keys, backfill passive pressure, and soil-pile-structure interaction; the missing piece of previous research in bridge seismic demand assessment. This research fills the gap between the recommended modeling approaches by seismic design guidelines--which are rather simple--and the current state-of-the-art bridge component modeling techniques that are mostly developed based on experimental data or advanced continuum finite element models. Meanwhile, we expand PEER's Performance-Base Earthquake Engineering (PBEE) framework to include the impact of progressive deterioration during the life-time of the bridge as well as contribution of aftershock in seismic response assessment.The sensitivity of important engineering demand parameters associated with shear key, backfill, and deep foundation behaviors are quantified. We demonstrate that shear key behavior, and foundation model have a significant effect on the seismic response of ordinary bridges. The failure modes of bridges exhibit a high sensitivity to the type of backfill soil--and their adopted models--coupled with the behavior of the shear keys. Finally, we show that the bridge seismic response is not sensitive to the uniform corrosion of column rebars; however, excluding the aftershock loading results in underestimating bridge demands significantly.

Analytical Fragility Curves for Highway Bridges in Moderate Seismic Zones

Author : Bryant G. Nielson
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (631 download)

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Book Synopsis Analytical Fragility Curves for Highway Bridges in Moderate Seismic Zones by : Bryant G. Nielson

Download or read book Analytical Fragility Curves for Highway Bridges in Moderate Seismic Zones written by Bryant G. Nielson and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Historical seismic events such as the San Fernando earthquake of 1971 and the Loma Prieta earthquake of 1989 did much to highlight the vulnerabilities in many existing highway bridges. However, it was not until 1990 that this awareness extended to the moderate seismic regions such as the Central and Southeastern United States (CSUS). This relatively long neglect of seismic issues pertaining to bridges in these moderate seismic zones has resulted in a portfolio of existing bridges with seismic deficiencies which must be assessed and addressed. An emerging decision tool, whose use is becoming ever increasingly popular in the assessment of this seismic risk, is that of seismic fragility curves. Fragility curves are conditional probability statements which give the probability of a bridge reaching or exceeding a particular damage level for an earthquake of a given intensity level. As much research has been devoted to the implementation of fragility curves in risk assessment packages, a great need has arisen for bridge fragility curves which are reliable, particularly for those in moderate seismic zones. The purpose of this study is to use analytical methods to generate fragility curves for nine bridge classes which are most common to the CSUS. This is accomplished by first considering the existing bridge inventory and assessing typical characteristics and details from which detailed 3-D analytical models are created. The bridges are subjected to a suite of synthetic ground motions which were developed explicitly for the region. Probabilistic seismic demand models (PSDM) are then generated using these analyses. From these PSD models, fragility curves are generated by considering specific levels of damage which may be of interest. The fragility curves show that the most vulnerable of all the bridge nine bridge classes considered are those utilizing steel girders. Concrete girder bridges appear to be the next most vulnerable followed by single span bridges of all types. Various sources of uncertainty are considered and tracked throughout this study, which allows for their direct implementation into existing seismic risk assessment packages.

Seismic Vulnerability of Bridges in Oregon Highway Network

Author : Selamawit Tesfayesus Mehary
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 246 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (696 download)

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Book Synopsis Seismic Vulnerability of Bridges in Oregon Highway Network by : Selamawit Tesfayesus Mehary

Download or read book Seismic Vulnerability of Bridges in Oregon Highway Network written by Selamawit Tesfayesus Mehary and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Displacement Based Seismic Assessment of Existing Bridges in Regions of Moderate Seismicity

Author : Martin Bimschas
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 416 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (73 download)

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Book Synopsis Displacement Based Seismic Assessment of Existing Bridges in Regions of Moderate Seismicity by : Martin Bimschas

Download or read book Displacement Based Seismic Assessment of Existing Bridges in Regions of Moderate Seismicity written by Martin Bimschas and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Fundamentals of Seismic Protection for Bridges

Author : Mark Yashinsky
Publisher : National Information Centre of Earthquake Engineering
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 204 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)

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Book Synopsis Fundamentals of Seismic Protection for Bridges by : Mark Yashinsky

Download or read book Fundamentals of Seismic Protection for Bridges written by Mark Yashinsky and published by National Information Centre of Earthquake Engineering. This book was released on 2003 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With special reference to United States.

Probabilistic Seismic Vulnerability Assessment of Concrete Frames

Author : Ozan Cem Celik
Publisher : VDM Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9783836464154
Total Pages : 152 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (641 download)

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Book Synopsis Probabilistic Seismic Vulnerability Assessment of Concrete Frames by : Ozan Cem Celik

Download or read book Probabilistic Seismic Vulnerability Assessment of Concrete Frames written by Ozan Cem Celik and published by VDM Publishing. This book was released on 2008 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a set of probability-based tools for efficient uncertainty analysis and for seismic vulnerability and risk assessment of structures, and illustrates the use of these tools in evaluating the potential impact of future earthquakes that may occur in the New Madrid Seismic Zone on reinforced concrete frames in the Central and Eastern United States. Due to the lack of natural strong motion records in this low-to-moderate seismic region, synthetic earthquake ground motions developed in recent seismological research are used in nonlinear finite element-based time history analyses to determine the seismic demand on the gravity load designed (GLD) frames. Seismic fragilities that incorporate various sources of uncertainty are formulated for low-, mid-, and high-rise GLD frames, and are used in the performance appraisal of the building frame inventory in Memphis, TN. This fragility assessment indicates that traditional GLD reinforced concrete frames may not meet the life safety and collapse prevention performance objectives that are stipulated in recent building codes and guidelines for performance-based earthquake engineering. The intended audience of this book is researchers and professional engineers involved with the performance assessment of existing buildings for upgraded seismic resistance.

Analysis of Seismic Vulnerability and Comparison of Retrofit Options for a Skewed Bridge on the University of Mississippi Campus

Author : Jagannath P. Gopalakrishnan
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 194 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (433 download)

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Book Synopsis Analysis of Seismic Vulnerability and Comparison of Retrofit Options for a Skewed Bridge on the University of Mississippi Campus by : Jagannath P. Gopalakrishnan

Download or read book Analysis of Seismic Vulnerability and Comparison of Retrofit Options for a Skewed Bridge on the University of Mississippi Campus written by Jagannath P. Gopalakrishnan and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: