Quantification Of Surface Dose During Radiotherapy

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Quantification of Surface Dose During Radiotherapy

Author : Ingrid Isabel Valencia Lozano
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (112 download)

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Book Synopsis Quantification of Surface Dose During Radiotherapy by : Ingrid Isabel Valencia Lozano

Download or read book Quantification of Surface Dose During Radiotherapy written by Ingrid Isabel Valencia Lozano and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During a radiotherapy treatment, skin of the patient is always exposed to the radiation; as a consequence late effects can be appear. Therefore, dose values in this region may be of interest for clinical evaluation and investigation of those undesirable effects. However, surface dose is not intuitive and is difficult to measure and calculate; the parameters, which modify it are not always the same and each one are dependent to the others. The aim of this project is to quantify absorbed dose in the build-up region and near to the skin approximately between 0 mm - 1 mm using two methods. One of them, an analytical calculation using Monte Carlo simulations; and the other an experimental approach using an extrapolation chamber. Monte Carlo simulations are performed with the PENELOPE package of subroutines for 6MV and 15MV photon beams. Experimental setup consists in the use of an extrapolation chamber (PTW model 23392), considered the most suitable instrument to measure absorbed dose in the build-up region, but its not commonly available in the hospitals because its use is not practical. The chamber was adapted for its use in clinical environments in a previous work, then for this work the measurement process is easier and results with high level of accuracy can be obtained. In this way, EC (extrapolation chamber) measurements served as the gold standard in our study to validate the Monte Carlo simulations and also with results reported by previous studies. As a result, we found that simulation outcomes are in good agreement with experimental data.

Dosimetry for Quantitative Analysis of Low Dose Ionizing Radiation Effects on Humans in Radiation Therapy Patients

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 36 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (727 download)

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Book Synopsis Dosimetry for Quantitative Analysis of Low Dose Ionizing Radiation Effects on Humans in Radiation Therapy Patients by :

Download or read book Dosimetry for Quantitative Analysis of Low Dose Ionizing Radiation Effects on Humans in Radiation Therapy Patients written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We have successfully developed a practical approach to predicting the location of skin surface dose at potential biopsy sites that receive 1 cGy and 10 cGy, respectively, in support of in vivo biologic dosimetry in humans. This represents a significant technical challenge as the sites lie on the patient surface out side the radiation fields. The PEREGRINE Monte Carlo simulation system was used to model radiation dose delivery and TLDs were used for validation on a phantom and confirmation during patient treatment. In the developmental studies the Monte Carlo simulations consistently underestimated the dose at the biopsy site by approximately 15% for a realistic treatment configuration, most likely due to lack of detail in the simulation of the linear accelerator outside the main beam line. Using a single, thickness-independent correction factor for the clinical calculations, the average of 36 measurements for the predicted 1 cGy point was 0.985 cGy (standard deviation: 0.110 cGy) despite patient breathing motion and other real world challenges. Since the 10 cGy point is situated in the region of high dose gradient at the edge of the field, patient motion had a greater effect and the six measured points averaged 5.90 cGy (standard deviation: 1.01 cGy), a difference that is equivalent to approximately a 6 mm shift on the patient's surface.

Radiation Quantities and Units

Author : International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 40 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Radiation Quantities and Units by : International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements

Download or read book Radiation Quantities and Units written by International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Analysis of Cancer Risks in Populations Near Nuclear Facilities

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309255716
Total Pages : 424 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (92 download)

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Book Synopsis Analysis of Cancer Risks in Populations Near Nuclear Facilities by : National Research Council

Download or read book Analysis of Cancer Risks in Populations Near Nuclear Facilities written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2012-06-29 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the late 1980s, the National Cancer Institute initiated an investigation of cancer risks in populations near 52 commercial nuclear power plants and 10 Department of Energy nuclear facilities (including research and nuclear weapons production facilities and one reprocessing plant) in the United States. The results of the NCI investigation were used a primary resource for communicating with the public about the cancer risks near the nuclear facilities. However, this study is now over 20 years old. The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission requested that the National Academy of Sciences provide an updated assessment of cancer risks in populations near USNRC-licensed nuclear facilities that utilize or process uranium for the production of electricity. Analysis of Cancer Risks in Populations near Nuclear Facilities: Phase 1 focuses on identifying scientifically sound approaches for carrying out an assessment of cancer risks associated with living near a nuclear facility, judgments about the strengths and weaknesses of various statistical power, ability to assess potential confounding factors, possible biases, and required effort. The results from this Phase 1 study will be used to inform the design of cancer risk assessment, which will be carried out in Phase 2. This report is beneficial for the general public, communities near nuclear facilities, stakeholders, healthcare providers, policy makers, state and local officials, community leaders, and the media.

Evaluation of Guidelines for Exposures to Technologically Enhanced Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309062977
Total Pages : 293 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Evaluation of Guidelines for Exposures to Technologically Enhanced Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials by : National Research Council

Download or read book Evaluation of Guidelines for Exposures to Technologically Enhanced Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1999-02-25 with total page 293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Naturally occurring radionuclides are found throughout the earth's crust, and they form part of the natural background of radiation to which all humans are exposed. Many human activities-such as mining and milling of ores, extraction of petroleum products, use of groundwater for domestic purposes, and living in houses-alter the natural background of radiation either by moving naturally occurring radionuclides from inaccessible locations to locations where humans are present or by concentrating the radionuclides in the exposure environment. Such alterations of the natural environment can increase, sometimes substantially, radiation exposures of the public. Exposures of the public to naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) that result from human activities that alter the natural environment can be subjected to regulatory control, at least to some degree. The regulation of public exposures to such technologically enhanced naturally occurring radioactive materials (TENORM) by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and other regulatory and advisory organizations is the subject of this study by the National Research Council's Committee on the Evaluation of EPA Guidelines for Exposures to Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials.

Surface Guided Radiation Therapy

Author : Jeremy David Page Hoisak
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 0429951809
Total Pages : 515 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (299 download)

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Book Synopsis Surface Guided Radiation Therapy by : Jeremy David Page Hoisak

Download or read book Surface Guided Radiation Therapy written by Jeremy David Page Hoisak and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-02-13 with total page 515 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Surface Guided Radiation Therapy provides a comprehensive overview of optical surface image guidance systems for radiation therapy. It serves as an introductory teaching resource for students and trainees, and a valuable reference for medical physicists, physicians, radiation therapists, and administrators who wish to incorporate surface guided radiation therapy (SGRT) into their clinical practice. This is the first book dedicated to the principles and practice of SGRT, featuring: Chapters authored by an internationally represented list of physicists, radiation oncologists and therapists, edited by pioneers and experts in SGRT Covering the evolution of localization systems and their role in quality and safety, current SGRT systems, practical guides to commissioning and quality assurance, clinical applications by anatomic site, and emerging topics including skin mark-less setups. Several dedicated chapters on SGRT for intracranial radiosurgery and breast, covering technical aspects, risk assessment and outcomes. Jeremy Hoisak, PhD, DABR is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences at the University of California, San Diego. Dr. Hoisak’s clinical expertise includes radiosurgery and respiratory motion management. Adam Paxton, PhD, DABR is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Radiation Oncology at the University of Utah. Dr. Paxton’s clinical expertise includes patient safety, motion management, radiosurgery, and proton therapy. Benjamin Waghorn, PhD, DABR is the Director of Clinical Physics at Vision RT. Dr. Waghorn’s research interests include intensity modulated radiation therapy, motion management, and surface image guidance systems. Todd Pawlicki, PhD, DABR, FAAPM, FASTRO, is Professor and Vice-Chair for Medical Physics in the Department of Radiation Medicine and Applied Sciences at the University of California, San Diego. Dr. Pawlicki has published extensively on quality and safety in radiation therapy. He has served on the Board of Directors for the American Society for Radiology Oncology (ASTRO) and the American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM).

Radiation Therapy Physics

Author : Alfred R. Smith
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3662031078
Total Pages : 468 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (62 download)

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Book Synopsis Radiation Therapy Physics by : Alfred R. Smith

Download or read book Radiation Therapy Physics written by Alfred R. Smith and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of this book is to provide a uniquely comprehensive source of information on the entire field of radiation therapy physics. The very significant advances in imaging, computational, and accelerator technologies receive full consideration, as do such topics as the dosimetry of radiolabeled antibodies and dose calculation models. The scope of the book and the expertise of the authors make it essential reading for interested physicians and physicists and for radiation dosimetrists.

Radiation Oncology Physics

Author : International Atomic Energy Agency
Publisher : IAEA
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 704 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Radiation Oncology Physics by : International Atomic Energy Agency

Download or read book Radiation Oncology Physics written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by IAEA. This book was released on 2005 with total page 704 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication is aimed at students and teachers involved in teaching programmes in field of medical radiation physics, and it covers the basic medical physics knowledge required in the form of a syllabus for modern radiation oncology. The information will be useful to those preparing for professional certification exams in radiation oncology, medical physics, dosimetry or radiotherapy technology.

Health Risks from Exposure to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiation

Author : Committee to Assess Health Risks from Exposure to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiation
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309133343
Total Pages : 422 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Health Risks from Exposure to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiation by : Committee to Assess Health Risks from Exposure to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiation

Download or read book Health Risks from Exposure to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiation written by Committee to Assess Health Risks from Exposure to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiation and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2006-03-23 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the seventh in a series of titles from the National Research Council that addresses the effects of exposure to low dose LET (Linear Energy Transfer) ionizing radiation and human health. Updating information previously presented in the 1990 publication, Health Effects of Exposure to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiation: BEIR V, this book draws upon new data in both epidemiologic and experimental research. Ionizing radiation arises from both natural and man-made sources and at very high doses can produce damaging effects in human tissue that can be evident within days after exposure. However, it is the low-dose exposures that are the focus of this book. So-called “late” effects, such as cancer, are produced many years after the initial exposure. This book is among the first of its kind to include detailed risk estimates for cancer incidence in addition to cancer mortality. BEIR VII offers a full review of the available biological, biophysical, and epidemiological literature since the last BEIR report on the subject and develops the most up-to-date and comprehensive risk estimates for cancer and other health effects from exposure to low-level ionizing radiation.

Basic Clinical Radiobiology

Author : Michael C. Joiner
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 0429955405
Total Pages : 361 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (299 download)

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Book Synopsis Basic Clinical Radiobiology by : Michael C. Joiner

Download or read book Basic Clinical Radiobiology written by Michael C. Joiner and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-08-28 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Builds on success and reputation of previous editions Draws on the considerable teaching experience of an international author team, most notably the US and European Editors The gold-standard European text for training, adopted by ESTRO as a course book, as a text for the Royal College of Radiologists' radiobiology exam and by courses in the US Highly illustrated with new, 2 colour illustrations Clear and concise style, appropriate for trainees and also practising radiation oncologists requiring a ready reference to the subject Includes new chapters on stem cells, tissue response and the meeting point of meeting point of radiotherapy, radiobiology and physics

The Use of Computers in Radiation Therapy

Author : Wolfgang Schlegel
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642597580
Total Pages : 630 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (425 download)

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Book Synopsis The Use of Computers in Radiation Therapy by : Wolfgang Schlegel

Download or read book The Use of Computers in Radiation Therapy written by Wolfgang Schlegel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 630 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Computers have had and will continue to have a tremendous impact on professional activity in almost all areas. This applies to radiological medicine and in particular to radiation therapy. This book compiles the most recent developments and results of the application of computers and computer science as presented at the XIIIth International Conference on the Use of Computers in Radiation Therapy in Heidelberg, Germany. The text of both oral presentations and posters is included. The book is intended for computer sientists, medical physicists, engineers and physicians in the field of radiation therapy and provides a comprehensive survey of the entire field.

Methods for in Vivo Dosimetry in External Radiotherapy

Author : Jan M. Van Dam
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789053502983
Total Pages : 67 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (29 download)

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Book Synopsis Methods for in Vivo Dosimetry in External Radiotherapy by : Jan M. Van Dam

Download or read book Methods for in Vivo Dosimetry in External Radiotherapy written by Jan M. Van Dam and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 67 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Airport Passenger Screening Using Backscatter X-Ray Machines

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309371333
Total Pages : 203 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (93 download)

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Book Synopsis Airport Passenger Screening Using Backscatter X-Ray Machines by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Download or read book Airport Passenger Screening Using Backscatter X-Ray Machines written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2016-01-10 with total page 203 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Passenger screening at commercial airports in the United States has gone through significant changes since the events of September 11, 2001. In response to increased concern over terrorist attacks on aircrafts, the Transportation Security Administration (TSA) has deployed security systems of advanced imaging technology (AIT) to screen passengers at airports. To date (December 2014), TSA has deployed AITs in U.S. airports of two different technologies that use different types of radiation to detect threats: millimeter wave and X-ray backscatter AIT systems. X-ray backscatter AITs were deployed in U.S. airports in 2008 and subsequently removed from all airports by June 2013 due to privacy concerns. TSA is looking to deploy a second-generation X-ray backscatter AIT equipped with privacy software to eliminate production of an image of the person being screened in order to alleviate these concerns. This report reviews previous studies as well as current processes used by the Department of Homeland Security and equipment manufacturers to estimate radiation exposures resulting from backscatter X-ray advanced imaging technology system use in screening air travelers. Airport Passenger Screening Using Backscatter X-Ray Machines examines whether exposures comply with applicable health and safety standards for public and occupational exposures to ionizing radiation and whether system design, operating procedures, and maintenance procedures are appropriate to prevent over exposures of travelers and operators to ionizing radiation. This study aims to address concerns about exposure to radiation from X-ray backscatter AITs raised by Congress, individuals within the scientific community, and others.

Radiation in Medicine

Author : Institute of Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309053862
Total Pages : 322 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Radiation in Medicine by : Institute of Medicine

Download or read book Radiation in Medicine written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1996-04-25 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Does radiation medicine need more regulation or simply better-coordinated regulation? This book addresses this and other questions of critical importance to public health and safety. The issues involved are high on the nation's agenda: the impact of radiation on public safety, the balance between federal and state authority, and the cost-benefit ratio of regulation. Although incidents of misadministration are rare, a case in Pennsylvania resulting in the death of a patient and the inadvertent exposure of others to a high dose of radiation drew attention to issues concerning the regulation of ionizing radiation in medicine and the need to examine current regulatory practices. Written at the request from the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC), Radiation in Medicine reviews the regulation of ionizing radiation in medicine, focusing on the NRC's Medical Use Program, which governs the use of reactor-generated byproduct materials. The committee recommends immediate action on enforcement and provides longer term proposals for reform of the regulatory system. The volume covers: Sources of radiation and their use in medicine. Levels of risk to patients, workers, and the public. Current roles of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, other federal agencies, and states. Criticisms from the regulated community. The committee explores alternative regulatory structures for radiation medicine and explains the rationale for the option it recommends in this volume. Based on extensive research, input from the regulated community, and the collaborative efforts of experts from a range of disciplines, Radiation in Medicine will be an important resource for federal and state policymakers and regulators, health professionals involved in radiation treatment, developers and producers of radiation equipment, insurance providers, and concerned laypersons.

An Evaluation of Radiation Exposure Guidance for Military Operations

Author : Institute of Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309058953
Total Pages : 78 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis An Evaluation of Radiation Exposure Guidance for Military Operations by : Institute of Medicine

Download or read book An Evaluation of Radiation Exposure Guidance for Military Operations written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1997-10-28 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Treatment Planning and Dose Calculation in Radiation Oncology

Author : Gunilla C. Bentel
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 1483280411
Total Pages : 273 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (832 download)

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Book Synopsis Treatment Planning and Dose Calculation in Radiation Oncology by : Gunilla C. Bentel

Download or read book Treatment Planning and Dose Calculation in Radiation Oncology written by Gunilla C. Bentel and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2014-02-20 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Treatment Planning and Dose Calculation in Radiation Oncology, Third Edition describes the treatment methods and technical guides as models of contemporary radiation therapy. These models should be modified for each individual patient to yield a best fit to the disease being treated and the radiation sources employed. This book is composed of seven chapters, and begins with an overview of the elements of clinical radiation oncology. The subsequent chapter deals with the production, interaction, and measurement of radiation. These topics are followed by intensive discussions of dose calculation for external beams and pretreatment procedures of radiation therapy. A chapter looks into the principles, apparatus, and dose calculation in brachytherapy. The final chapters describe the principles and practical applications of treatment planning. This book will be of value to radiation oncologists.

Development of Procedures for in Vivo Dosimetry in Radiotherapy

Author : International Atomic Energy Agency
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789201416100
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (161 download)

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Book Synopsis Development of Procedures for in Vivo Dosimetry in Radiotherapy by : International Atomic Energy Agency

Download or read book Development of Procedures for in Vivo Dosimetry in Radiotherapy written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides a comprehensive overview of the development of procedures for in vivo dosimetry in radiotherapy. It elaborates on the technology behind in vivo dosimetry and describes an initial set of measurements.