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Quantification Of Salt Marsh Carbon Stocks
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Book Synopsis Quantification of Salt Marsh Carbon Stocks by : Ranjani W. Kulawardhana
Download or read book Quantification of Salt Marsh Carbon Stocks written by Ranjani W. Kulawardhana and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent climatic change projections have increased scientific and public attention on the issues relating to carbon cycling patterns, its controls, and the importance of ecosystems in the cycling and sequestration process. Global carbon studies, however, primarily have focused on dry land ecosystems that extend over large areas and have not accounted for the relatively small and scattered, though highly carbon rich, ecosystems such as mangrove swamps and salt marshes. Using data from a Spartina alterniflora dominated salt marsh in Galveston, Texas this study integrates remote sensing data (multispectral and Light Detection and Ranging - lidar) with field measurements for the quantification of carbon pools in salt marsh ecosystems. Findings in this study show the capability of remote sensing data for the characterization of salt marsh terrain and vegetation heights and the estimation of above-ground biomass quantities. The best biomass prediction models using lidar heights reported considerably low errors, i.e. the percent root square errors (% RSEs) are close to 20%, which is the recommended error threshold for remote sensing based forest biomass prediction models. Our findings also demonstrate that lidar as compared to spectral data can provide better estimates of above-ground biomass and carbon, even in the herbaceous and low-relief context of a salt marsh. A clear zonation of terrain, vegetation characteristics and the distribution of biomass quantities within the marsh extent was also observed. Distribution of biomass quantities revealed linkages with the elevation. Variations in soil properties (i.e. carbon and bulk density) in the soil profile were linked to the temporal changes in soil carbon accumulations on the marsh surface, relative sea level history and resulting vegetation transitions as corroborated by historical aerial images. In general, the amounts of soil carbon stored in recently established Spartina alterniflora intertidal marshes were significantly lower than those that have remained in situ for a longer period of time. These findings indicate that, even though salt marshes can respond to relative sea level rise by migrating landward, their status as a carbon sink varies as a function of both space and time. Thus, in order to predict carbon in a wetland, researchers need to know not only the elevation, the relative sea level rise rate, and the accretion rate - but also the history of land cover change and vegetation transition. Findings of this study contribute to carbon quantification efforts in these vulnerable ecosystems. Further, these findings will also contribute to the increased understanding of the capabilities of remote sensing datasets and techniques for the quantification of these important carbon stocks. The electronic version of this dissertation is accessible from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/151840
Book Synopsis Quantifying Blue Carbon for the Largest Salt Marsh in Southern British Columbia by : Maija Gailis
Download or read book Quantifying Blue Carbon for the Largest Salt Marsh in Southern British Columbia written by Maija Gailis and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Salt marshes are highly valuable ecosystems that have recently been recognized for the climate change mitigation potential of their soil carbon sequestration. This 'blue carbon' is sequestered annually and can be stored for more than a century, but their storage potential has not been well studied on the Pacific coast of North America. This study collected sediment cores from high and low marsh zones in the western portion of Boundary Bay, Delta, British Columbia (BC), to assess carbon storage and carbon accumulation rates (CARs). Carbon stocks in the high marsh were significantly higher compared to low marsh, averaging 84.2 ± 30.9 Mg C/ha and 39.3 ± 24.2 Mg C/ha, respectively. CARs ranged from 19.5 to 454 g C/m2yr, with an average of 137 ± 162 g C/m2yr and a median of 70.1 g C/m2yr. Our CARs indicate that the marsh exhibits substantial variability. Both carbon stocks and accumulation rates were at least 45% lower than global estimates but were similar to other studies on the Pacific coast of North America. By controlling for marsh environment and dating method, we provide a new 210Pb estimate of CAR of 88 ± 20 g C/m2yr for the Pacific coast of North America. Our low carbon stock and accumulation rates in comparison to global estimates are likely due to the shallow depth of the marsh and the dominant type of vegetation. Despite historical modifications and disturbances to the marsh, our study suggests that the western portion of Boundary Bay marsh has been growing in areal extent since at least 1930. Current legislation in the province of BC does not adequately protect salt marshes. This study provides the first quantification of carbon stocks and CARs, which is an important step towards leveraging the co-benefit of salt marshes for improved management, restoration, and preservation for these ecologically and culturally important ecosystems. This study outlines subsequent steps and research needed for Boundary Bay marsh, or other salt marshes in BC, to be included in a voluntary carbon market in British Columbia.
Book Synopsis Quantifying Soil Carbon Storage and Losses in Natural and Agriculturally Converted Salt Marsh by : Lee Van Ardenne
Download or read book Quantifying Soil Carbon Storage and Losses in Natural and Agriculturally Converted Salt Marsh written by Lee Van Ardenne and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Coastal vegetated ecosystems, such as salt marshes, actively sequester large amounts of carbon from the atmosphere and can store this carbon in their soils for millennia. These ecosystems have been badly degraded from anthropogenic activity over time, with evidence suggesting that their stores of carbon can be released to the atmosphere as a result. There is a general lack of studies which report on the carbon storage in salt marshes over the full depth of the soil deposit, and it is not well established just how much carbon is stored in these systems. Correspondingly, 1 m is often used as a default in estimates. Thus it is largely unknown what geomorphic or environmental parameters drive differences in carbon storage between marshes. How much carbon is lost when drained for agriculture or other land use change has a similar paucity in studies, and those which do exist are geographically biased to warm temperate climates. This thesis reports on two projects which seek to address these gaps in research.The chapter two study sought to estimate the total carbon stock of four salt marshes along the coasts of New Brunswick, Canada, and Maine, USA using GIS interpolation and identify any spatial trends or relations to general climate and geomorphic conditions. The spatial distribution of soil in the marshes was similar to developmental models of developed for similar marsh types in literature, with soil depth the greatest in the center of the marsh and declining towards the upland and seaward margins. The average carbon storage and carbon densities of the marshes were lower than current global averages. Average carbon density with depth was very stable except a single notable decrease which occurred at a breakpoint at 50 cm depth - likely due to carbon losses from the rapid decay of labile carbon in the rooting zone. Thus a very strong linear relationship between soil depth and carbon storage was found, which would allow for estimations of carbon storage using just soil depth in marshes of similar characteristics. This also indicates that assuming a soil depth (such as 1 m) is not an acceptable method when estimating carbon stocks. Comparing interpolation results to simple averages of the cores indicated that a single transect of cores could acceptably estimate soil depth (thus carbon storage) in marshes with simple morphology, and that one transect per axis of soil depth variation may work in more complex marsh systems.The chapter three study measured carbon stocks and calculated losses for a series of drained marshes and paired undrained marsh along the Kamouraska region of the St. Lawrence River, Quebec, Canada. The estimated rate of loss averaged 459 g C m-2 yr-1, with overall losses varying between 15% and 39% of the original amount since drainage. The rate is lower than the IPCC default emission factor and most current rates reported in literature, which are from warm temperate climates, and suggests that rates of carbon loss may vary in different climates. Using the average rate of loss for the St. Lawrence region, the total estimated carbon loss in the region since 1987 (further dyking was banned after this date) is 1,673,055 t C." --
Book Synopsis The Management of Natural Coastal Carbon Sinks by : Dan Laffoley
Download or read book The Management of Natural Coastal Carbon Sinks written by Dan Laffoley and published by IUCN. This book was released on 2009 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Status and Trends of Wetlands in the Conterminous United States 2004 to 2009 by : Thomas E. Dahl
Download or read book Status and Trends of Wetlands in the Conterminous United States 2004 to 2009 written by Thomas E. Dahl and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Data from status and trends provide important long-term trend information about specific changes and places and the overall status of wetlands in the United States. The historical data base that the Service has developed through Status and Trends, provides photographic evidence of land use and wetlands extent dating back to the 1950s. This provides an accurate record to assist in future restoration efforts.--Publisher description.
Book Synopsis California Salt Marsh Accretion, Ecosystem Services, and Disturbance Responses In the Face of Climate Change by : Lauren Brown
Download or read book California Salt Marsh Accretion, Ecosystem Services, and Disturbance Responses In the Face of Climate Change written by Lauren Brown and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coastal salt marsh ecosystems in California are at risk from projected rates of sea-level rise (SLR) of up to an order of magnitude higher than rates seen over the past 6,000 years of stable sea levels (Griggs, Cayan, Tebaldi, Fricker, & rvai, 2017). With rates of this magnitude, salt marsh area, already limited by land use changes in the 19th and 20th centuries, could be completely lost by 2100 (Thorne et al., 2018). To better understand how California salt marshes are adapting to modern acceleration of SLR, over 100 sediment cores were collected from 13 salt marsh sites, ranging from Humboldt Bay to Tijuana River Estuary. Sediment accretion rates over the past several hundred years were measured using radiocesium, radiolead, and radiocarbon dating on 32 cores. Valuation of the carbon storage, an ecosystem service known as blue carbon provided by salt marshes, presents an opportunity to help preserve and restore sites threatened by SLR through carbon credits (Bear, 2017; Callaway, Borgnis, Turner, & Milan, 2012; Mcleod et al., 2011), but there are many questions which much be addressed before this can become a reality for the state of California (Macreadie et al., 2019). A standardized protocol for estimation of carbon content from loss-on-ignition (LOI) was developed with an emphasis on quantifying error and uncertainty in carbon measurements for blue carbon purposes. Using a conversion between soil organic matter and soil organic carbon shown to be effective for California salt marshes, carbon content was estimated through LOI analysis of 61 sediment cores. The impact of climate change in these ecosystems was further explored in the first documented record of a fire in a Pacific coast salt marsh at Mugu Lagoon. California salt marsh sediment accretion averages at 2.93 1.9 mm yr-1, which is lower than average rates from regions such as the US Gulf and East coasts. Rates of accretion and relative SLR (RSLR) show a non-linear relationship with highest accretion occurring at rates of RSLR from 2 - 6 mm yr-1. Linear relationships between SLR and accretion are comparatively weak, but are stronger in the low elevations of salt marsh habitat. Salt marshes in the state annually sequester about 0.08% of state-wide annual greenhouse gas emissions and store about 23% of one year's emissions in their soils (as compared to 2016 emissions). Because of limited area, these habitats will not serve as an effective mitigation strategy at the state level, but loss of this habitat may release up to 27 0.3 Tg stored carbon, potentially valued at about $1.4 billion (using an estimate of $15/tonne CO2 equivalent). Preservation of current habitat through facilitation of sediment accretion will have the largest positive impact on carbon storage and sequestration, as well as protect salt marsh habitat from being lost to SLR. Analysis of the persistent effects of a recent marsh fire at Mugu Lagoon demonstrates that drought-stress may slow California salt marsh response to disturbance by one or more growing seasons and highlights the uncertain impacts of climate change on system function. This dissertation provides important baseline data for salt marsh sediment accretion, salt marsh carbon stocks and sequestrations rates, recommends best practices for use of LOI as a measure of soil organic carbon, and examines ecosystem recovery under multiple stressors. This work can be used in vulnerability assessments, ecosystem models, and valuation of ecosystem services for California salt marshes.
Book Synopsis The Wetland Book by : C. Max Finlayson
Download or read book The Wetland Book written by C. Max Finlayson and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-07-04 with total page 1546 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In discussion with Ramsar’s Max Finlayson and Nick Davidson, and several members of the Society of Wetland Scientists, Springer is proposing the development of a new Encyclopedia of Wetlands, a comprehensive resource aimed at supporting the trans- and multidisciplinary research and practice which is inherent to this field. Aware both that wetlands research is on the rise and that researchers and students are often working or learning across several disciplines, we are proposing a readily accessible online and print reference which will be the first port of call on key concepts in wetlands science and management. This easy-to-follow reference will allow multidisciplinary teams and transdisciplinary individuals to look up terms, access further details, read overviews on key issues and navigate to key articles selected by experts.
Book Synopsis Dissolved Organic Carbon Dynamics in a Salt Marsh Creek by : Christina Codden
Download or read book Dissolved Organic Carbon Dynamics in a Salt Marsh Creek written by Christina Codden and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Salt marshes are blue carbon systems that sequester carbon at higher rates than many terrestrial ecosystems due to a coupled relationship between high primary production and slow decomposition in anaerobic sediments. Annually, this coupled relationship allows for over 10 Tg of organic carbon to be sequestered in global salt marsh sediments alone, or a storage equivalent of over 55,000 Blue Whales per year. In turn, this storage ability enables salt marshes to help mitigate increasing atmospheric CO2. Despite high primary production in salt marshes and their ability to help mitigate increasing atmospheric CO2, a long-standing question remains in coastal carbon cycling and ecology which asks: Is a fraction of salt marsh produced carbon, prior to sequestration or mineralization, exported (i.e., outwelled) as dissolved organic carbon (DOC) to the coastal ocean? Answering this question of salt marsh DOC outwelling is critical for quantifying the significance of salt marsh carbon outwelling in comparison to total salt marsh carbon storage, total salt marsh primary production, and broader coastal carbon cycling. Because the question of DOC outwelling first arose on the Georgia coast and because the Georgia coast houses some of the most productive salt marshes in the world, this dissertation focuses on analyzing DOC outwelling in Groves Creek, a tidally-driven salt marsh creek on the Georgia coast. Groves Creek was additionally chosen as it lacks a freshwater head and has limited freshwater input, making the analysis of marsh-only DOC fluxes through the estuarine water possible without confounding results from terrestrial DOC input. In Groves Creek and other Georgia salt marsh creeks, DOC is a master variable that controls the light field, initiates photochemical reactions, and provides sustenance to microbes. The dynamics of DOC in these systems are complex as multiple DOC sources, sinks, and patterns of mixing occur. The complexity in salt marsh DOC dynamics plus the failure of past studies to capture export trends in marsh-derived DOC at both high-temporal resolution and across seasons may explain why it remains unclear whether salt marshes generally export DOC (i.e., outwell). Thus, at a Groves Creek study station, this dissertation sought to answer the question of salt marsh DOC outwelling over three research captures. At Groves Creek study station, Chapter 1 captured hydrology (water level, velocity, flow) at 10-minute resolution over 16-months using an in situ Acoustic Doppler Profiler (ADP) deployed in the creek bed over 7 deployments. After data collection, the hydrology record indicated that the ADP instrument was not deployed in precisely the same location of the creek bed for all deployments. Thus, to make hydrology comparable over the entire study, hydrology records required alignment using a novel alignment approach in which non-tidal signals from individual ADP deployments were added to an extrapolated tidal signal based upon three already aligned deployments. Chapter 2 went on to assess DOC concentration at Groves Creek study station at the same temporal resolution and study length as Chapter 1. As no in situ instrument exists that could directly measure DOC concentration, DOC was estimated in Chapter 2 through the use of site-specific machine learning and linear algorithms coupled with optical and other low-to-zero cost predictors (e.g., water level, salinity, local rainfall) collected at high-temporal resolution. Models were trained using 306 discrete lab-based DOC measurements collected as water samples from the study station. These discrete samples served as ground truth. Work from Chapter 2 included the first-ever incorporation of non-linear machine learning to estimate DOC concentration. By combining DOC concentration (Chapter 2) with water flux (Chapter 1), plus measured salinity (Chapter 3), Chapter 3 was able to calculate DOC fluxes at Groves Creek and ultimately assess the long-standing and inconclusive topic of DOC outwelling. Chapter 3 provided the first-ever estimation of both high-temporal (10-minute) and cross-seasonally (16-month) resolved DOC fluxes. Results show Groves Creek is hydrologically complex with ebb-dominated tidal asymmetry and often more water flowing into the main channel than out (Chapter 1). Since the marsh is hydrologically balanced overall, net imported water likely drained the marsh via unsampled flow paths (e.g., smaller channels, overmarsh flow at marsh edge). Concerning DOC estimation (Chapter 2), at seasonal timescales, machine learning (mean absolute error (MAE) 3.7%) modestly improved upon the accuracy of linear methods (MAE 6.5%) but offered substantial instrumentation cost reductions (~90%) by requiring only cost-free predictors (online data) or cost-free predictors in combination with low-cost in situ predictors (temperature, salinity, depth). At intratidal timescales, linear methods proved ill-equipped (median Pearson's correlation coefficient (R) 0.55) to predict DOC concentration compared to machine learning (median R 0.87-0.94), and again machine learning offered a substantial instrumentation cost reduction (~90%). Thus, one of the main advances set forth in this dissertation is a novel, improved accuracy, and lower-cost method to estimate DOC concentrations in complex aquatic ecosystems. The results of this portion of the dissertation, as presented in Chapter 2, are under a second round of review at Limnology and Oceanography: Methods. Chapter 3 marks the culmination of my PhD research by combining hydrologic fluxes (Chapter 1) and DOC estimates from the two top-performing machine learning algorithms (Chapter 2) to estimate net DOC fluxes through Groves Creek and test the hypothesis that salt marshes outwell DOC (Chapter 3). DOC flux results show that cumulative net DOC-flow and DOC-salt relationships were largely conservative, indicating DOC outwelling was not supported over most of the study period at the Groves Creek study station. However, during summer 2014, the conserved DOC-flow and DOC-salt relationships were disturbed with a loss of DOC from the marsh relative to salt and water fluxes. This discursion from conservative behavior marked a short-lived period of DOC outwelling from the marsh creek to the estuary in summer 2014 during which an estimated 5.7 to 42.1 tons of DOC were exported. Although this is a modest carbon flux, the outwelled DOC remains a significant net term in the marsh carbon budget (e.g., up to 12% of the annual organic carbon sequestration in Groves Creek salt marsh) and an important process to capture in mechanistic models of long-term carbon production, export, and storage for marshes and other blue carbon ecosystems. Results also indicate DOC outwelling from salt marshes may occur as a pulse during highly productive summer months. Resolving these hot moments of DOC export at high-temporal resolution across larger salt marsh ecosystems is required to assess the true extent and quantitative significance of DOC outwelling to coastal carbon cycles, coastal ecology, and the carbon budgets of salt marshes"--Author's abstract.
Book Synopsis Wetland Carbon and Environmental Management by : Ken W. Krauss
Download or read book Wetland Carbon and Environmental Management written by Ken W. Krauss and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-11-23 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explores how the management of wetlands can influence carbon storage and fluxes. Wetlands are vital natural assets, including their ability to take-up atmospheric carbon and restrict subsequent carbon loss to facilitate long-term storage. They can be deliberately managed to provide a natural solution to mitigate climate change, as well as to help offset direct losses of wetlands from various land-use changes and natural drivers. Wetland Carbon and Environmental Management presents a collection of wetland research studies from around the world to demonstrate how environmental management can improve carbon sequestration while enhancing wetland health and function. Volume highlights include: Overview of carbon storage in the landscape Introduction to wetland management practices Comparisons of natural, managed, and converted wetlands Impact of wetland management on carbon storage or loss Techniques for scientific assessment of wetland carbon processes Case studies covering tropical, coastal, inland, and northern wetlands Primer for carbon offset trading programs and how wetlands might contribute The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity.Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals.
Book Synopsis A Blue Carbon Primer by : Lisamarie Windham-Myers
Download or read book A Blue Carbon Primer written by Lisamarie Windham-Myers and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-11-16 with total page 481 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Key features: Captures the historic context and recent developments in science and policy arenas that address the potential for coastal wetlands to be considered as significant contributors to carbon sequestration Links multiple levels of science (biogeochemistry, geomorphology, paleoclimate, etc.) with blue carbon concepts (science, policy, mapping, operationalization, economics) in a single compendium Concludes with a discussion of future directions which covers integrated scientific approaches, impending threats and specific gaps in current knowledge Includes 7 case studies from across the globe that demonstrate the benefits and challenges of blue carbon accounting Written by over 100 leading global blue carbon experts in science and policy. Blue Carbon has emerged as a term that represents the distinctive carbon stocks and fluxes into or out of coastal wetlands such as marshes, mangroves, and seagrasses. The Blue Carbon concept has rapidly developed in science literature and is highly relevant politically, as nations and markets are developing blue carbon monitoring and management tools and policies. This book is a comprehensive and current compendium of the state of the science, the state of maps and mapping protocols, and the state of policy incentives (including economic valuation of blue carbon), with additional sections on operationalizing blue carbon projects and 7 case studies with global relevance.
Book Synopsis Quantification of Coastal Wetland Blue Carbon Stocks Along Salinity Gradients in the Albemarle-Pamlico Estuary by : Lori Elizabeth Gorczynski
Download or read book Quantification of Coastal Wetland Blue Carbon Stocks Along Salinity Gradients in the Albemarle-Pamlico Estuary written by Lori Elizabeth Gorczynski and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Climate Intervention by : National Research Council
Download or read book Climate Intervention written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2015-06-17 with total page 235 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The signals are everywhere that our planet is experiencing significant climate change. It is clear that we need to reduce the emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases from our atmosphere if we want to avoid greatly increased risk of damage from climate change. Aggressively pursuing a program of emissions abatement or mitigation will show results over a timescale of many decades. How do we actively remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere to make a bigger difference more quickly? As one of a two-book report, this volume of Climate Intervention discusses CDR, the carbon dioxide removal of greenhouse gas emissions from the atmosphere and sequestration of it in perpetuity. Climate Intervention: Carbon Dioxide Removal and Reliable Sequestration introduces possible CDR approaches and then discusses them in depth. Land management practices, such as low-till agriculture, reforestation and afforestation, ocean iron fertilization, and land-and-ocean-based accelerated weathering, could amplify the rates of processes that are already occurring as part of the natural carbon cycle. Other CDR approaches, such as bioenergy with carbon capture and sequestration, direct air capture and sequestration, and traditional carbon capture and sequestration, seek to capture CO2 from the atmosphere and dispose of it by pumping it underground at high pressure. This book looks at the pros and cons of these options and estimates possible rates of removal and total amounts that might be removed via these methods. With whatever portfolio of technologies the transition is achieved, eliminating the carbon dioxide emissions from the global energy and transportation systems will pose an enormous technical, economic, and social challenge that will likely take decades of concerted effort to achieve. Climate Intervention: Carbon Dioxide Removal and Reliable Sequestration will help to better understand the potential cost and performance of CDR strategies to inform debate and decision making as we work to stabilize and reduce atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide.
Book Synopsis Quantifying the Short-term Climate Mitigation Effects of Salt Marsh Restoration by : Jan Wollenberg
Download or read book Quantifying the Short-term Climate Mitigation Effects of Salt Marsh Restoration written by Jan Wollenberg and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Salt marshes are highly effective carbon (C) sinks and bury more C per square meter annually than any other ecosystem. Marsh reclamation and anthropogenic impacts, however, have resulted in extensive losses of salt marshes. Carbon credits can be generated and sold by restoring marshes, but only if C sequestration and net reductions in greenhouse gases (GHG) are reliably quantified. Research on short-term GHG flux following salt marsh restoration is limited to studies of two restored marshes which examined GHG flux more than six months after the return of tidal flooding. Similarly, studies reporting on C burial rates are limited primarily to restored marshes which are more than 10 years old. This thesis reports on research designed to address these knowledge gaps. Chapter 2 reports on a laboratory experiment in which soil cores collected from a drained agricultural marsh on the St. Lawrence Estuary were flooded with estuary water. Gas flux measurements immediately after flooding revealed small increases in N2O and CH4, but a large decline in CO2 suggesting that reflooding has an immediate net cooling effect. In addition to restoring the land's capacity to sequester C once a marsh develops, returning tidal flooding thus has the added benefit of stemming ongoing C losses. Chapter three reports on a field study which assessed C burial six years after the return of tidal flooding to a section of dykeland in Aulac, New Brunswick. The C burial rate in the restored marsh averaged 1,329 g C m-2 yr-1, more than five times higher than the rate reported for a mature marsh nearby. Carbon density in the recovering marsh was relatively similar with depth and although salt marsh cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora) became established in 2012, the bulk of the C in the new marsh deposit is assumed to be allochthonous. For marsh restoration projects to be recognized in C crediting systems it must be demonstrated that the allochthonous C would not otherwise have been sequestered; the potential for this is discussed." --
Book Synopsis World Atlas of Seagrasses by : Frederick T. Short
Download or read book World Atlas of Seagrasses written by Frederick T. Short and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2003 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seagrasses are a vital and widespread but often overlooked coastal marine habitat. This volume provides a global survey of their distribution and conservation status.
Book Synopsis Mangrove Ecosystems: A Global Biogeographic Perspective by : Victor H. Rivera-Monroy
Download or read book Mangrove Ecosystems: A Global Biogeographic Perspective written by Victor H. Rivera-Monroy and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-11-03 with total page 407 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a comprehensive overview and analysis of mangrove ecological processes, structure, and function at the local, biogeographic, and global scales and how these properties interact to provide key ecosystem services to society. The analysis is based on an international collaborative effort that focuses on regions and countries holding the largest mangrove resources and encompasses the major biogeographic and socio-economic settings of mangrove distribution. Given the economic and ecological importance of mangrove wetlands at the global scale, the chapters aim to integrate ecological and socio-economic perspectives on mangrove function and management using a system-level hierarchical analysis framework. The book explores the nexus between mangrove ecology and the capacity for ecosystem services, with an emphasis on thresholds, multiple stressors, and local conditions that determine this capacity. The interdisciplinary approach and illustrative study cases included in the book will provide valuable resources in data, information, and knowledge about the current status of one of the most productive coastal ecosystem in the world.
Book Synopsis Carbon Stocks and Accumulation Rates in Salt Marshes of the Pacific Coast of Canada by : Stephen Chastain
Download or read book Carbon Stocks and Accumulation Rates in Salt Marshes of the Pacific Coast of Canada written by Stephen Chastain and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We estimated carbon stocks and carbon accumulation rates using 34 sediment cores collected from seven salt marshes within the Clayoquot Sound UNESCO Biosphere Reserve and Pacific Rim National Park Reserve of Canada (49.2° N, 125.80° W). Carbon stocks averaged 80.6 ± 43.8 Mg C ha-1 between the seven salt marshes, and carbon accumulation rates averaged 146 ± 102 g C m-2 yr -1. These rates are comparable to those found in salt marshes further south along the Pacific coast of North America (32.5-38.2° N) and at similar latitudes in Eastern Canada and Northern Europe (43.6-55.5° N). The seven Clayoquot Sound salt marshes currently accumulate carbon at a rate of 54.28 Mg C yr-1 over an area of 46.94 ha, 87 % of which occurs in the high marsh zone. On a per-hectare basis, Clayoquot Sound salt marsh soils accumulate carbon at least one order of magnitude more quickly than the average of global boreal forest soils. This carbon accumulation capacity provides a climate mitigation co-benefit when conserving for other salt marsh ecosystem services.
Download or read book Blue Carbon written by Daniel M. Alongi and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-06-18 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work summarizes the science and management of a rapidly expanding topic in climate science, namely adaptation and mitigation. The term 'blue carbon' refers to the rates, pathways and volumes of greenhouse carbon sequestered in coastal estuarine and marine ecosystems such as salt marshes, mangroves and seagrass meadows. Blue carbon and its vital role in climate change mitigation are central to this book. Readers find summaries and analysis of both the basic scientific data and data from blue carbon field projects, and a practical guide on how to manage a successful blue carbon field project. There is a discussion on how to maximize the carbon sequestration and consideration of whether blue carbon projects make a difference. The work is not only of interest to scholars involved in climate science, but also those in the marine sciences, and those in ecosystem ecology, biogeochemistry; geochemistry; estuarine and marine plant ecology.
