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Quality Protein Maize Qpm Zein
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Book Synopsis Quality Protein Maize (QPM) Zein by : Julia Thandikile Baloyi
Download or read book Quality Protein Maize (QPM) Zein written by Julia Thandikile Baloyi and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Quality protein maize (QPM) is a high-lysine maize type that was developed through breeding, to improve its grain hardness and agronomic performance. Despite QPM's nutritional advantage, this maize type has not been widely adopted mainly due to lack of a commercial market and probably because the functionality of its prolamin protein (zein) are largely unknown. In this study, zein extracted from white QPM was characterised. Its functional properties concerning the formation of bioplastic films, viscoelastic masses "doughs"℗+ and gels were investigated and compared to "total"℗+ zein from a related regular white Ethiopian maize, total zein from regular white South African maize and commercial zein. Amino acid analysis and SDS-PAGE confirmed that QPM had high lysine, cysteine and I♯2℗đ-zein contents. Bioplastic films were prepared from the zeins by casting from aqueous ethanol and from glacial acetic acid (GAA). QPM zein films were more opaque compared to other zein films cast from the same solvent. The opaqueness was attributed to the partial solubility of QPM zein when dissolved in the casting solvents. During preparation of viscoelastic masses, zein preparations were either mixed with a solvent (water or acetic acid) or coacervated from solution in GAA (simple coacervation). Neither QPM zein nor total zein preparations from regular maize formed viscoelastic masses. Possibly, the presence of I♯2℗ø- or I♯2℗đ-subclasses hindered interaction of I♯2℗ł-zein with the solvent, unlike with commercial zein (predominantly I♯2℗ł-zein) which formed viscoelastic masses with water and 5.4% acetic acid treatments. Interestingly, QPM zein formed a viscous mass when the prolamin was dissolved in GAA during coacervation. Hence, the firmness of the zeins was further investigated. It was thought that different levels of I♯2℗ø- and I♯2℗đ-prolamins would contribute to gelation. Therefore, total kafirin, kafirin without I♯2℗ø-kafirin and kafirin without I♯2℗đ-kafirin preparations were used as controls. Compression testing showed that only total kafirin formed a true gel because its maximum compression force was the highest (9.61 N), compared to other zein and kafirin preparations (
Book Synopsis Importance of Zein Composition in Quality Protein Maize (QPM) to Microstructural and Chemical Modifications of Proteins During Extrusion and Their Impact of Texture of Corn-based Extrudates by : Maria Cristina Dias Paes
Download or read book Importance of Zein Composition in Quality Protein Maize (QPM) to Microstructural and Chemical Modifications of Proteins During Extrusion and Their Impact of Texture of Corn-based Extrudates written by Maria Cristina Dias Paes and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although several studies have been already carried out to clarify the importance of endosperm corn proteins in corn grain hardness and vitreousness, the role that protein compositional differences plays on the physical properties of texturized corn-based products is still poorly understood. Considering that protein has been shown to have an important impact in extruded food systems, it is important to understand how differences in composition or spatial arrangement of corn endosperm proteins, such as observed in Quality Protein Maize (QPM), can influence changes in polymers and structures during extrusion processing. Therefore, the overall objective of this project was to investigate the effect of the high y-zein content in QPM to chemical, physical, and microstructural changes that occurs in zeins during extrusion and its impact on texture of intermediate corn-based extrudates. There experiments were designed to test the overall scientific hypothesis that high y-zein content in QPM influences chemical modifications of proteins during extrusion and provides different textural properties in corn-based extrudates as compared to normal corn. Overall results of thermal and pasting properties for starch isolated from QPM and normal maize grits showed either no or negligible differences between starch of normal and QPM maize types. This finding allowed maize grits to be used in prospective studies for comparison of possible modifications in proteins during processing. Extrusion caused significant changes in the microstructural organization of major components of the grits and the chemistry of maize proteins. Starch granules lost their orderly structure, gelatinized, and melted to form a continuous matrix, whereas, proteins aggregated into large masses diffused in the gelatinized starch network. The high y-zein content in QPM seems to confer resistance to disruption of protein bodies during extrusion. Therefore, high y-zein rich protein bodies require higher energy input within the extruder for complete disruption than protein bodies found in normal maize. But differences in dispersion of zeins in the system for the two maize types were not identified at high shear conditions evaluated in this study. In general, modifications in protein chemistry were driven by both noncovalent and covalent interactions, although disulfide bonding was apparently more important for the QPM samples. Chemical changes in proteins were identified as an important factor influencing brittleness of the final extrudates. Moisture negatively affected the brittleness of extrudates, regardless of maize type. Higher content of y-zein in QPM likely provided higher strength to maize extrudates thus favoring crispness of extruded maize grits. The use of QPM grits to replace normal grits in the production of extruded corn-based products may promote extended bowl-life of extruded corn flakes as well as enhance crispness of fully expanded snacks.
Book Synopsis Breeding Quality Protein Maize (QPM) by :
Download or read book Breeding Quality Protein Maize (QPM) written by and published by CIMMYT. This book was released on 2008 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Quality Protein Maize by : International Symposium on Quality Protein Maize. Proceedings
Download or read book Quality Protein Maize written by International Symposium on Quality Protein Maize. Proceedings and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Quality Protein Maize by : Edwin Theodore Mertz
Download or read book Quality Protein Maize written by Edwin Theodore Mertz and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Publisher :Food & Agriculture Org. ISBN 13 :9789251030134 Total Pages :172 pages Book Rating :4.0/5 (31 download)
Book Synopsis Maize in Human Nutrition by : Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
Download or read book Maize in Human Nutrition written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 1992 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Specialty Corns by : Arnel R. Hallauer
Download or read book Specialty Corns written by Arnel R. Hallauer and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2000-08-23 with total page 492 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Completely revised and updated, the Second Edition of Specialty Corns includes everything in the first edition and more. Considered the standard in this field, significant changes have been made to keep all the information current and bring the references up-to-date. Two new chapters have been added to keep up with the latest trends: Blue Corn and
Download or read book Maize written by Akbar Hossain and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2020-04-22 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Maize is a staple cereal after wheat and rice. It is an important source of carbohydrate, protein, iron, vitamin B and minerals for many poor people in the world. In developing countries maize is a major source of income in resource-poor farmers. As maize is used both as silage and as crop residue and the grains of maize are usually used for food, starch and oil extraction industrially, the demand for maize is rising day by day. Therefore, it is imperative for improvement of maize to meet the increasing demand. This book entitled "Maize - Production and Use" highlights the importance of maize and the improved management approaches for improving the productivity of maize in the era of changing climate.
Book Synopsis Quality Breeding in Field Crops by : Asif M. Iqbal Qureshi
Download or read book Quality Breeding in Field Crops written by Asif M. Iqbal Qureshi and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-02-15 with total page 275 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Development of superior crops that have consistent performance in quality and in quantity has not received the same emphasis in the field of genetics and breeding as merited. Specialty trait requires special focus to propagate. Yet basic germplasm and breeding methodologies optimized to improve crops are often applied in the development of improved specialty types. However, because of the standards required for specialty traits, methods of development and improvement are usually more complex than those for common commodity crops. The same standards of performance are desired, but the genetics of the specialty traits often impose breeding criteria distinct from those of non-specialty possessing crops. Specifically, quality improvement programs have unique characteristics that require careful handling and monitoring during their development for specific needs. Adding value either via alternative products from the large volumes of grain produced or development of specialty types is of interest to producers and processors. This work assimilates the most topical results about quality improvement with contemporary plant breeding approaches.The objective of this book is to provide a summary of the germplasm, methods of development, and specific problems involved for quality breeding. In total, fourteen chapters, written by leading scientists involved in crop improvement research, provide comprehensive coverage of the major factors impacting specialty crop improvement.
Download or read book Maize written by Sukhvinder Singh Purewal and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2022-09-30 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Maize is widely cultivated throughout the world due to its high-yield potential. The economic and nutritional value of maize grains is associated with its starch content, protein, fibre, bioactive compounds, and minerals. Maize is used worldwide in the preparation of health-benefiting, antioxidant-rich, fortified products and dietary supplements. Maize: Nutritional Composition, Processing, and Industrial Uses explores the status of maize in terms of its production, nutritional composition, biofortification, processing methods, health benefits, maize-based products and storage. This book also emphasizes the key features of maize grains which make it an ideal crop for industrial use. It covers all aspects of recent research about the maize and provides updated information. Features: Discusses information related to chemistry of maize components Highlights comprehensive information on the physical and milling properties of maize Explains the structure, functional, and antioxidant properties of maize flour Provides the latest scientific development in the modification of maize starch Explores various maize-based food products and their storage Examines maize protein, scenarios, and quality improvement through bio-fortification In-depth information is provided regarding various health-benefiting nutrient components of maize flour, offering meaningful information for product formulation. This book unfolds the potential of maize grains for industrial use.
Book Synopsis Maize Kernel Development by : Brian A Larkins
Download or read book Maize Kernel Development written by Brian A Larkins and published by CABI. This book was released on 2017-11-21 with total page 255 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is an authoritative book that acts as a guide to understanding maize kernel development. Written by a team of experts, it covers topics spanning pre- and post-fertilization events, embryo and endosperm development, grain filling and maturation, and factors influencing crop yield. It explores the significance of maize and other cereal grains, existing hypotheses and research, and important gaps in our knowledge and how we might fill them. This is a valuable resource for researchers of maize and other cereals, and anyone working on basic or applied science in the fields of seed development, plant genetics, and crop physiology.
Book Synopsis Maize Genetic Resources by : Mohamed A. El-Esawi
Download or read book Maize Genetic Resources written by Mohamed A. El-Esawi and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2022-04-20 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Maize is one of the most economically important food crops worldwide. It is used for livestock feeds and human nutrition. Recent strategies have been adopted for improving maize crops. This book brings together recent advances, breeding strategies, and applications in the biological control, breeding, and genetic improvement of maize genetic resources. It also provides new insights and sheds light on new perspectives and future research work that have been carried out for further improvement of maize crops. This book is a useful resource for students, researchers, and scientists.
Book Synopsis Regulatory Mechanisms for Improving Cereal Seed Quality by : Vincenzo Rossi
Download or read book Regulatory Mechanisms for Improving Cereal Seed Quality written by Vincenzo Rossi and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-05-31 with total page 127 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book High-quality Protein Maize written by and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 552 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Quality Protein Maize Under Stress Environments by : Claver Ngaboyisonga
Download or read book Quality Protein Maize Under Stress Environments written by Claver Ngaboyisonga and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2012-05 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The development of Quality Protein Maize (QPM) with high levels of lysine and tryptophan in grain has opened ways of using maize to supply the two essential amino acids. Being developed by combining the genetic system of opaque-2 gene and o2 endosperm modifiers, it was not well understood how nitrogen and water deficiencies could affect its characteristics. This study was undertaken to know the influence of N and water stresses on gene action and the effects of genotypes x environments interaction in QPM. It was found that N and water deficiencies influenced the gene action and suppressed the action of o2 endosperm modifiers making QPM to revert partially or totally to o2 maize state. This may have negative consequences on cultivation of QPM in nitrogen and water stress prone regions."
Book Synopsis Fractionation and Characterization of Storage Protein in Hard-endosperm Opaque-2 Maize by : M.A. Lopes
Download or read book Fractionation and Characterization of Storage Protein in Hard-endosperm Opaque-2 Maize written by M.A. Lopes and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 115 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Quality Protein Maize (QPM) are opaque-2 genotypes with high frequency of modifier genes that confer endosperm vitreous phenotype while maintaining elevated levels of lysine and tryptophan in the protein. We have developed methods for quantitative extraction and alnalysis of zeins that reveal a high content of gamma-zein in modified opaque-2 maize. Extraction involves solubilization of total endosperm proteins in an alkaline buffer containing SDS and 2-mercaptoethanol with subsequent precipitation of non-zein protein by the addition of ethanol to 70%. Analysis of these protein by SDS-PAGE, western blotting and ELISA assay with zein antibodies reveals that this extraction method is more quantitative than the traditional fractionation procedures, especially forthe beta-, and gamma-zeins. This analysis revealed that the QPM genotypes contain increased amounts of the gamma-zein as compared to unmodified opaque-2 or normal genotypes. The analysis of reciprocal crosses of QPM genotypes by opaque-2 inbred lines demonstrates a direct correlation between vitreousness of the endosperm and content of gamma-zein. Similar relationships are observed when QPM genotypes are crossed into normal, floury-2; opaque-2 and floury-2 mutants, as well as in F2 progenies segregation for the modified genotypes. Quantitative extraction of gamma-zein requires denaturation and reduction to disrupt disulfide interactions which prevent extraction of a significant portion of this protein with alcohol and reducing agent. The unusual features (...).
Book Synopsis Nitrogen in Agriculture by : Takuji Ohyama
Download or read book Nitrogen in Agriculture written by Takuji Ohyama and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2021-09-29 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nitrogen is the most important nutrient in agricultural practice because the availability of nitrogen from the soil is generally not enough to support crop yields. To maintain soil fertility, the application of organic matters and crop rotation have been practiced. Farmers can use convenient chemical nitrogen fertilizers to obtain high crop yields. However, the inappropriate use of nitrogen fertilizers causes environmental problems such as nitrate leaching, contamination in groundwater, and the emission of N2O gas. This book is divided into the following four sections: “Ecology and Environmental Aspects of Nitrogen in Agriculture”, “Nitrogen Fertilizers and Nitrogen Management in Agriculture”, “N Utilization and Metabolism in Crops”, “Plant-Microbe Interactions”.
