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Pyridine Functionalized Polymeric Catalysts For Co2 Reduction
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Book Synopsis Pyridine-functionalized Polymeric Catalysts for CO2-Reduction by : Melanie Weichselbaumer
Download or read book Pyridine-functionalized Polymeric Catalysts for CO2-Reduction written by Melanie Weichselbaumer and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-06-22 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Melanie Weichselbaumer presents the synthesis of the monomers as well as the electropolymerization on Pt-electrodes. The electrolysis experiments were carried out for 40 hours and the products were analysed by gas chromatography and ionic chromatography. Pyridine-functionalized and Rhenium bipyridine-functionalized Polythiophenes can be used as heterogeneous catalysts for CO2-reduction.
Book Synopsis Green Polymer Chemistry by : Mustafa Yasin Șen
Download or read book Green Polymer Chemistry written by Mustafa Yasin Șen and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The objective of this research was to investigate the enzyme-catalyzed functionalization of polymers. For this purpose, first, model small molecules were employed in Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB)-catalyzed transesterification and Michael addition reactions. CALB-catalyzed transesterification of ethyl acetate and vinyl acetate with 2-phenyl-1-propanol (2PPOH), the model compound for primary hydroxyl-functionalized polyisobutylene (PIB) prepared from the [alpha]-methylstyrene epoxide ([alpha]=MSE)/TiCl4 initiator system, indicated that the latter was a more effective acyl donor as it formed unstable vinyl alcohol which instantly tautomerized to acetaldehyde and thus rendered the reaction irreversible. The comparison of the catalytic activity of CALB with that of a commercially available transesterifiction catalyst, bis[dibutylchlorotin(IV_] oxide, revealed that in the transesterification of vinyl acetate with 2PPOH, CALB was the more reactive catalyst. Ethylene glycol (EG) was reacted with vinyl methacrylate (VMA) in the presence of CALB as a model reaction for the methacrylation of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and it was observed that the reaction proceeded in a consecutive fashion first yielding the monosubstituted product followed by disubstituted ester. Thymine was reacted with both vinyl acrylate (VA) and VMA through Michael addition in the presence of CALB as a model reaction for the addition of thymine to (meth)acrylated polymers. Quantitative conversion was observed in the case of VA whereas VMA gave 63% conversion. The resulting vinyl esters of thymine were then reacted with EG through transesterification using CALB as the model reaction for the addition of thymine to hydroxyl-functionalized polymers. It was observed that the majority of the product was the monosubstituted EG. These synthetic procedures were then applied to polymer functionalization. The primary hydroxyl-functionalized PIB prepared from [alpha]-MSE/TiCl4 was not reactive towards CALB. On the other hand, PIBs fitted with 3-hydroxypropyl or 3-hydroxyl-2-methylpropyl-termini gave quantitative conversions with VMA indicating the effect of chain and structure in enzymatic polymer functionalization. CALB-catalyzed enzymatic methacrylation of polymers in the absence of solvents was attempted using polydimethylsiloxanes and low molecular weight PIBs and the enzyme was found to be very effective. PEGs with a variety of molecular weights and molecular weight distributions reacted effectively with VMA in the presence of CALB. The monitoring of the reaction with MALDI-ToF MS revealed the simultaneous presence of PEG, monosubstituted PEG and disubstituted PEG with monosubstituted PEG comprising the majority of the product at the early stage of the reaction. PEGs were also functionalized with thymine via Michael addition to corresponding acrylated PEGs. Amano lipase M from Mucor javanicus was shown to be a more effective catalyst than CALB in this reaction. Alternatively, the CALB-catalyzed transesterification of the vinyl ester of thymine, which was produced by Michael addition of thymine to VA, with poly(ethylene glycol) monomethhl ether (mPEG) also yielded the thymine-functionalized polymer. The attempts to prepare thymine-functionalized PIBs with the same synthetic procedures were not successful. The regioselectivity of CALB was utilized to methacrylate asymmetric [alpha], [omega]-hydroxyl-functionalized PIBs, which were prepared via the [alpha]-MSE/TiCl4 initiator system and subsequent derivatization of the [omega]-termini to hydroxyl groups, exclusively at the [omega]-termini. The enzymatic synthesis of PEG-b-PIB was also attempted. The procedure involved CALB-catalyzed coupling of mPEG with hydroxyl-functionalized PIB by transesterification using divinyl adipate (DVA) as the linker. The reaction was carried out in two steps: transesterification of DVA with mPEG and transesterification of the resulting vinyl ester of mPEG with the hydroxyl-functionalized PIB. In the first step, the effect of DVA concentration and the molecular weight of mPEG on self-coupling of mPEG was also investigated and it was found that the extend of coupling decreased with increase in the DVA concentration and the mPEG molecular weight. In the second step, the formation of diblock copolymer was detected by SEC. CALB-catalyzed transesterification of VMA with EG in bulk was monitored using in-situ FTIR; however, unreliable results were obtained probably due to the saturation of the probe as a result of high concentration of reactants. As a side project, primary hydroxyl-functionalized polyisobutylene prepared by the [alpha]-MSE/TiCl4 initiator system was further functionalized with thymine using conventional catalysts. The synthetic procedure involved Michael addition of thymine onto acrylate-functionalized polyisobutylene which was derived from the hydroxyl-functionalized precursor by esterification with acryloyl chloride. The structure of the product was verified by NMR and MALDI-ToF mass spectrometry."--Abstract.
Book Synopsis Amine Functionalized Polymeric Catalysts and Reagents by : Jinni Lu
Download or read book Amine Functionalized Polymeric Catalysts and Reagents written by Jinni Lu and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Amine Functionalized Polymeric Catalysts and Reagents by : Jinni Lu
Download or read book Amine Functionalized Polymeric Catalysts and Reagents written by Jinni Lu and published by Open Dissertation Press. This book was released on 2017-01-26 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation, "Amine Functionalized Polymeric Catalysts and Reagents" by Jinni, Lu, 陆今妮, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: Polymer-supported reagents and catalysts, which allow for simple product separation and easy recycling, have been widely studied in the context of organic synthesis. The past decade has witnessed a number of new variations of polymeric materials, and among the most frequently immobilized functionalities are amines that possess versatile synthetic utilities. Polymers with new structures and improved properties for use in synthesis have been continuously developed since the support may impact the chemical reactions in which they are used in various ways. A new heterogeneous polystyrene-based amine, rasta resin-DMAP, has been synthesized and used in addition reactions of carbon dioxide to epoxides to afford cyclic carbonate products. This new material was found to be a more efficient catalyst than divinylbenzene cross-linked polystyrene supported DMAP, and was readily recycled without significant loss of catalytic activity. Compared to polymers bearing a single functionality, polymers possessing multiple different functional groups attached to a single polymer backbone would have greater potential utility, especially in reactions requiring multiple catalysts or reagents. As an example of this concept, a bifunctional polystyrene bearing both DMAP and piperazine groups has been prepared and applied as an organocatalyst for decarboxylative Doebner-Knoevenagel reactions of arylaldehydes and mono-ethyl malonate to produce (E)-,-unsaturated esters in high yields. Additionally, both non-cross-linked and cross-linked bifunctional polystyrenes featuring amine and thiourea groups have been developed, and their catalytic performance were evaluated in reactions of nitroalkenes with either nitroalkanes or sulfur ylides. Both polymers proved to be efficient catalysts in these reactions and the insoluble polymer demonstrated high recyclability. Control experiments using monofunctional polymers indicated that both catalytic groups of these bifunctional polymers are essential and they could work cooperatively to achieve efficient catalysis. Finally, a second generation bifunctional phosphine-amine polymer, rasta resin-PPh3-NBniPr2, was prepared and examined in tandem Wittig-reductive aldol reactions. In these reaction cascades, the phosphine oxide groups generated from the Wittig reaction served as the catalyst for the reductive aldol reaction, and moderate yields of structurally diverse -hydroxy ketones could be obtained from one-pot processes involving 5 sequential reactions. DOI: 10.5353/th_b4775252 Subjects: Amines Polymers Catalysts Supported reagents
Book Synopsis Smart Polymer Catalysts and Tunable Catalysis by : Songjun Li
Download or read book Smart Polymer Catalysts and Tunable Catalysis written by Songjun Li and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2019-09-10 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Smart Polymer Catalysts and Tunable Catalysis describes the latest advances in smart polymer catalysts and tunable catalysis. This book will serve as an ideal reference for scientists, students and researchers working in the fields of catalysis, chemical engineering, chemistry, materials science, biotechnology and nanotechnology. Users will find this to be a distinct, systematic and comprehensive body of knowledge on the field with its compilation of essential knowledge and discussions of extensive potential in both social and commercial impacts. Provides a single-source summary of the emerging frontiers in scientific research in smart polymer catalysts and tunable catalysis Includes very well-organized chapters that are illustrated with over 130 illustrations and figures Written by scientists from prestigious universities and industries across the world Edited by veteran researchers in the field of smart polymers and catalysis
Book Synopsis Functionalized Polymers by : Narendra Pal Singh Chauhan
Download or read book Functionalized Polymers written by Narendra Pal Singh Chauhan and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-05-14 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Functionalized polymers are macromolecules to which chemically bound functional groups are attached which can be used as catalysts, reagents, protective groups, etc. Functionalized polymers have low cost, ease of processing and attractive features for functional organic molecules. Chemical reactions for the introduction of functional groups in polymers and the conversion of functional groups in polymers depend on different properties. Such properties are of great importance for functionalization reactions for possible applications of reactive polymers. This book deals with the synthesis and design of various functional polymers, the modification of preformed polymer backbones and their various applications.
Book Synopsis Electrochemical Transformation of Renewable Compounds by : Zhiqun Lin
Download or read book Electrochemical Transformation of Renewable Compounds written by Zhiqun Lin and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2022-12-23 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electrochemical conversion process can be used to generate power, store energy and synthesize chemicals, which plays a key role in the development of sustainable energy resources. Electrochemical Transformation of Renewable Compounds presents the basic fundamentals of different electrochemical transformations for clean energy and places significant emphasis on the key developments of various electrochemical processes using state-of-the-art materials. Written by electrochemical energy scientists who have worked on the application of electrocatalysis in the environmental and energy area, this book provides comprehensive coverage of main electrochemical transformation processes, including oxygen evolution, hydrogen generation, oxygen reduction, carbon dioxide reduction, nitrogen reduction, methanol oxidation, urea oxidation and ammonia oxidation.
Book Synopsis Structural Synergism in Functionalized Polymers: New Catalysts for Transacylation Reactions of Derivatives of Carboxylic and Phosphoric Acids by :
Download or read book Structural Synergism in Functionalized Polymers: New Catalysts for Transacylation Reactions of Derivatives of Carboxylic and Phosphoric Acids written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This project has focused on the development of new highly-efficient, selective catalysts for widely-used commercial and biological reactions of carboxylic and phosphoric acids and their derivatives. The first phase of the project included the design and synthesis of linear, water-soluble polymers that are expected to self-organize in aqueous solution to form lipophilic substrate- binding domains adjacent to catalytic sites effective in transacylation reactions. The second phase of this work has dealt with the continuing evaluation of synthetic catalysts and the development of new methods for detailed structural characterization of these polymeric materials. Prof. R.G. Cooks (Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN) has been a key collaborator in this effort. The ultimate aim of this phase of the investigation is to ascertain the limits of substrate-selectivity for linear, synthetic polymeric catalysts.
Download or read book Industrial Inorganic Chemicals written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Semiconductor Solar Photocatalysts by : Jiaguo Yu
Download or read book Semiconductor Solar Photocatalysts written by Jiaguo Yu and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2022-03-14 with total page 514 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides a timely overview of basic principles and significant advances of semiconductor-based photocatalysts for solar energy conversion Semiconductor Solar Photocatalysts: Fundamentals and Applications presents a systematic, in-depth summary of both fundamental and cutting-edge research in novel photocatalytic systems. Focusing on photocatalysts with vast potential for efficient utilization of solar energy, this up-to-date volume covers heterojunction systems, graphene-based photocatalysts, organic semiconductor photocatalysts, metal sulfide semiconductor photocatalysts, and graphitic carbon nitride-based photocatalysts. Organized into six chapters, the text opens with a detailed introduction to the history, design principles, modification strategies, and performance evaluation methods of solar energy photocatalysis. The remaining chapters provide detailed discussion of various novel photocatalytic systems such as direct Z-scheme and S-scheme photocatalysts, organic polymers, and covalent organic frameworks. This authoritative resource: Explains the essential concepts of solar energy photocatalysis and heterojunction systems for photocatalysis Reviews interesting structures and new applications of semiconductor photocatalysts Features contributions from an international panel of leading researchers in the field Includes extensive references and numerous tables, figures, and color illustrations Semiconductor Solar Photocatalysts: Fundamentals and Applications is valuable resource for all catalytic chemists, materials scientists, inorganic and physical chemists, chemical engineers, and physicists working in the semiconductor industry.
Book Synopsis Atomically Precise Metal Nanoclusters by : Zhikun Wu
Download or read book Atomically Precise Metal Nanoclusters written by Zhikun Wu and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2020-11-06 with total page 141 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Atomically precise metal nanocluster research has emerged as a new frontier. This book serves as an introduction to metal nanoclusters protected by ligands. The authors have summarized the synthesis principles and methods, the characterization methods and new physicochemical properties, and some potential applications. By pursuing atomic precision, such nanocluster materials provide unprecedented opportunities for establishing precise relationships between the atomic-level structures and the properties. The book should be accessible to senior undergraduate and graduate students, researchers in various fields (e.g., chemistry, physics, materials, biomedicine, and engineering), R&D scientists, and science policy makers.
Book Synopsis Molecular Catalysts for CO2 Fixation/Reduction by : Hitoshi Ishida
Download or read book Molecular Catalysts for CO2 Fixation/Reduction written by Hitoshi Ishida and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-03-20 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Nanoscience by : Neerish Revaprasadu
Download or read book Nanoscience written by Neerish Revaprasadu and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2022-07-11 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The publications in nanoscience cross conventional boundaries from chemistry to specialised areas of physics and nanomedicine. With such a vast landscape of material, careful distillation of the most important discoveries helps researchers find the key information. Nanoscience provides a critical and comprehensive assessment of the most recent research and opinion from across the globe. Topics covered in this volume include nanomaterials for electro-organic synthesis, porous organic polymers for CO2 reduction, nanoporous carbons and their potential energy storage applications and MOF derived nanostructures for heterogeneous catalysis. Appealing to anyone practising in nano-allied fields or wishing to enter the nano-world, this useful resource provides a succinct reference on recent developments in this area now and looking to the future.
Book Synopsis Polymer Supported Organic Catalysts by : Narendra Chauhan
Download or read book Polymer Supported Organic Catalysts written by Narendra Chauhan and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2024-07-26 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polymer-supported organic catalysts are largely insoluble in most reaction solvents, which allows for easy recovery and recycling of the catalysts. They are generally stable, readily available, and environmental friendly, so they have attracted the interest of many synthetic chemists in the industrial and academic fields. In this book, different types of polymer-supported catalysts based on peptides, polystyrene, polyethers, poly(acrylic acid), poly(ethylene imine), poly(2-oxazoline), poly(isobutylene), poly(norbornene), etc., as well as metals are included with their synthetic organic synthesis applications. It is believed that this work will be of interest to organic chemists, material scientists, chemical engineers, polymer scientists and technologists.
Book Synopsis Nanoscience Volume 8 by : Neerish Revaprasadu
Download or read book Nanoscience Volume 8 written by Neerish Revaprasadu and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2022-07-11 with total page 307 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume provides a critical and comprehensive assessment of the most recent research and opinion from across the globe for anyone practising in nano-allied fields or wishing to enter the nano-world.
Book Synopsis New and Future Developments in Catalysis by : Steven L Suib
Download or read book New and Future Developments in Catalysis written by Steven L Suib and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2013-07-19 with total page 493 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New and Future Developments in Catalysis is a package of seven books that compile the latest ideas concerning alternate and renewable energy sources and the role that catalysis plays in converting new renewable feedstock into biofuels and biochemicals. Both homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts and catalytic processes will be discussed in a unified and comprehensive approach. There will be extensive cross-referencing within all volumes.The use of solar energy during various catalytic chemical processes for the production of an array of chemical products is the theme of this volume. Photocatalysis is a topic of increasing importance due to its essential role in many of today’s environmental and energy source problems. The use of solar energy for catalytic reactions results in a carbon dioxide–neutral process. All photocatalytic processes and the future developments in this area are discussed, including an economic analysis of the various processes. Offers in-depth coverage of all catalytic topics of current interest and outlines future challenges and research areas A clear and visual description of all parameters and conditions, enabling the reader to draw conclusions for a particular case Outlines the catalytic processes applicable to energy generation and design of green processes
Download or read book Catalysis written by James J Spivey and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2007-10-31 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is an increasing challenge for chemical industry and research institutions to find cost-efficient and environmentally sound methods of converting natural resources into fuels chemicals and energy. Catalysts are essential to these processes and the Catalysis Specialist Periodical Report series serves to highlight major developments in this area. This series provides systematic and detailed reviews of topics of interest to scientists and engineers in the catalysis field. The coverage includes all major areas of heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysis and also specific applications of catalysis such as NOx control kinetics and experimental techniques such as microcalorimetry. Each chapter is compiled by recognised experts within their specialist fields and provides a summary of the current literature. This series will be of interest to all those in academia and industry who need an up-to-date critical analysis and summary of catalysis research and applications. Catalysis will be of interest to anyone working in academia and industry that needs an up-to-date critical analysis and summary of catalysis research and applications.
