Pulmonary Pathology,An Issue of Surgical Pathology Clinics

Download Pulmonary Pathology,An Issue of Surgical Pathology Clinics PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN 13 : 0323711391
Total Pages : 225 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (237 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Pulmonary Pathology,An Issue of Surgical Pathology Clinics by : Kirk Jones

Download or read book Pulmonary Pathology,An Issue of Surgical Pathology Clinics written by Kirk Jones and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2020-02-06 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This issue of Surgical Pathology Clinics, guest edited by Dr. Kirk Jones, will cover key topics in Pulmonary Pathology. This issue is one of four selected each year by our series consulting editor, Dr. Jason L. Hornick. Topics discussed in this issue will include: Lung Carcinoma on Small Biopsy, Targeted Therapy and Checkpoint Immunotherapy in Lung Cancer, Pulmonary Neuroendocrine Tumors, Lung Cancer Staging, Mesothelioma, Fibrotic Interstitial Lung Disease, Lung Transplant Pathology, Autoimmune connective tissue-associated pulmonary disease, Pulmonary Drug Reactions, Small Airway Disease, and Transbronchial Cryobiopsy in the Diagnosis of Diffuse Lung Disease, among others.

Current Concepts in Pulmonary Pathology, An Issue of Surgical Pathology Clinics - E-Book

Download Current Concepts in Pulmonary Pathology, An Issue of Surgical Pathology Clinics - E-Book PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN 13 : 1455700711
Total Pages : 215 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (557 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Current Concepts in Pulmonary Pathology, An Issue of Surgical Pathology Clinics - E-Book by : Sanja Dacic

Download or read book Current Concepts in Pulmonary Pathology, An Issue of Surgical Pathology Clinics - E-Book written by Sanja Dacic and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2010-08-02 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pathology of lung cancers is presented, along with targeted therapies current in 2010. Additionally, asbestosis, mesothelioma, and malignant lymphomas are presented with reference to their features, differential diagnoses, and prognosis. Topics include: Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma and minimally invasive adenocarcinoma; Neuroendocrine tumors; Lung carcinoma staging problems; Targeted therapies in lung cancer; Benign and malignant mesothelial proliferations; Asbestos related lung disease; Primary Lymphoproliferative diseases of the lung; Vasculitis; and Small airway disease.

Pulmonary Pathology, an Issue of Surgical Pathology Clinics

Download Pulmonary Pathology, an Issue of Surgical Pathology Clinics PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 9780323711388
Total Pages : 240 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (113 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Pulmonary Pathology, an Issue of Surgical Pathology Clinics by : Kirk Jones

Download or read book Pulmonary Pathology, an Issue of Surgical Pathology Clinics written by Kirk Jones and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2020-03-28 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This issue of Surgical Pathology Clinics, guest edited by Dr. Kirk Jones, will cover key topics in Pulmonary Pathology. This issue is one of four selected each year by our series consulting editor, Dr. Jason L. Hornick. Topics discussed in this issue will include: Lung Carcinoma on Small Biopsy, Targeted Therapy and Checkpoint Immunotherapy in Lung Cancer, Pulmonary Neuroendocrine Tumors, Lung Cancer Staging, Mesothelioma, Fibrotic Interstitial Lung Disease, Lung Transplant Pathology, Autoimmune connective tissue-associated pulmonary disease, Pulmonary Drug Reactions, Small Airway Disease, and Transbronchial Cryobiopsy in the Diagnosis of Diffuse Lung Disease, among others.

New Frontiers in Thoracic Pathology, An Issue of Surgical Pathology Clinics, E-Book

Download New Frontiers in Thoracic Pathology, An Issue of Surgical Pathology Clinics, E-Book PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN 13 : 0443130868
Total Pages : 185 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (431 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis New Frontiers in Thoracic Pathology, An Issue of Surgical Pathology Clinics, E-Book by : Alain Charles Borczuk

Download or read book New Frontiers in Thoracic Pathology, An Issue of Surgical Pathology Clinics, E-Book written by Alain Charles Borczuk and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2024-05-07 with total page 185 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this issue of Surgical Pathology Clinics, guest editor Dr. Alain Borczuk brings his considerable expertise to the topic of New Frontiers in Thoracic Pathology. Top experts provide new insights into emerging technology that will affect thoracic pathology in both neoplastic and non-neoplastic disease. This issue covers updates in the utilization of molecular testing in surgical pathology of lung cancer and mesothelioma, highlights uncommon tumors in the differential of common tumors, and shares new approaches to non-neoplastic disease, including new clinicopathologic entities. Contains 13 relevant, practice-oriented topics including silicosis and non-asbestos associated pneumoconiosis; pathology of COVID-19 lung disease; salivary gland type lung cancer; microsatellite instability, mismatch repair and tumor mutation burden in lung cancer; artificial intelligence in lung pathology; and more. Provides in-depth clinical reviews on new frontiers in thoracic pathology, offering actionable insights for clinical practice. Presents the latest information on this timely, focused topic under the leadership of experienced editors in the field. Authors synthesize and distill the latest research and practice guidelines to create clinically significant, topic-based reviews.

New Frontiers in Thoracic Pathology, an Issue of Surgical Pathology Clinics

Download New Frontiers in Thoracic Pathology, an Issue of Surgical Pathology Clinics PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 9780443130854
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (38 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis New Frontiers in Thoracic Pathology, an Issue of Surgical Pathology Clinics by : Alain Charles Borczuk

Download or read book New Frontiers in Thoracic Pathology, an Issue of Surgical Pathology Clinics written by Alain Charles Borczuk and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2024-06-28 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this issue of Surgical Pathology Clinics, guest editor Dr. Alain Borczuk brings his considerable expertise to the topic of New Frontiers in Thoracic Pathology. Top experts provide new insights into emerging technology that will affect thoracic pathology in both neoplastic and non-neoplastic disease. This issue covers updates in the utilization of molecular testing in surgical pathology of lung cancer and mesothelioma, highlights uncommon tumors in the differential of common tumors, and shares new approaches to non-neoplastic disease, including new clinicopathologic entities. Contains 13 relevant, practice-oriented topics including silicosis and non-asbestos associated pneumoconiosis; pathology of COVID-19 lung disease; salivary gland type lung cancer; microsatellite instability, mismatch repair and tumor mutation burden in lung cancer; artificial intelligence in lung pathology; and more. Provides in-depth clinical reviews on new frontiers in thoracic pathology, offering actionable insights for clinical practice. Presents the latest information on this timely, focused topic under the leadership of experienced editors in the field. Authors synthesize and distill the latest research and practice guidelines to create clinically significant, topic-based reviews.

Current Concepts in Pulmonary Pathology, an Issue of Surgical Pathology Clinics

Download Current Concepts in Pulmonary Pathology, an Issue of Surgical Pathology Clinics PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Saunders
ISBN 13 : 9781437722666
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (226 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Current Concepts in Pulmonary Pathology, an Issue of Surgical Pathology Clinics by : Sanja Dacic

Download or read book Current Concepts in Pulmonary Pathology, an Issue of Surgical Pathology Clinics written by Sanja Dacic and published by Saunders. This book was released on 2010-08-02 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pathology of lung cancers is presented, along with targeted therapies current in 2010. Additionally, asbestosis, mesothelioma, and malignant lymphomas are presented with reference to their features, differential diagnoses, and prognosis. Topics include: Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma and minimally invasive adenocarcinoma; Neuroendocrine tumors; Lung carcinoma staging problems; Targeted therapies in lung cancer; Benign and malignant mesothelial proliferations; Asbestos related lung disease; Primary Lymphoproliferative diseases of the lung; Vasculitis; and Small airway disease.

Cytopathology, An Issue of Surgical Pathology Clinics

Download Cytopathology, An Issue of Surgical Pathology Clinics PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN 13 : 0323261337
Total Pages : 145 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (232 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Cytopathology, An Issue of Surgical Pathology Clinics by : Tarik El Sheikh

Download or read book Cytopathology, An Issue of Surgical Pathology Clinics written by Tarik El Sheikh and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2014-03-28 with total page 145 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Topics that are essential to the surgical pathologist in cytopathology are included in this issue of Surgical Pathology Clinics. Topics include cytopathology of the Thyroid; Pancreas, Salivary glands; Lung; Urine; Gynecologic; Metastasis of unknown origin; and Preparation techniques and Cell transfer. Expert cytopathologist and prolific author and researcher and expert clinician Tarik Elsheikh leads this issue as Guest Editor. "The latest edition of this book is always in use by our trainees and cytology staff. A most helpful up to date reference book"Reviewed by: Dr David Poller, Consultant Pathologist & Reader in Pathology on behalf of PathLab.org, Aug 2014

Pathology of the Lungs E-Book

Download Pathology of the Lungs E-Book PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN 13 : 0702046221
Total Pages : 785 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (2 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Pathology of the Lungs E-Book by : Bryan Corrin

Download or read book Pathology of the Lungs E-Book written by Bryan Corrin and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2011-02-25 with total page 785 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With an emphasis on practical diagnostic problem solving, Pathology of the Lungs, 3rd Edition provides the pulmonary pathologist and the general surgical pathologist with an accessible, comprehensive guide to the recognition and interpretation of common and rare neoplastic and non-neoplastic lung conditions. The text is written by two authors and covers all topics in a consistent manner without the redundancies or lapses that are common in multi-authored texts. The text is lavishly illustrated with the highest quality illustrations which accurately depict the histologic, immunohistochemical and cytologic findings under consideration and it is supplemented throughout with practical tips and advice from two internationally respected experts. The user-friendly design and format allows rapid access to essential information and the incorporation throughout of relevant clinical and radiographic information makes it a complete diagnostic resource inside the reporting room. Approximately 1,000 high quality full color illustrations.Provides the user with a complete visual guide to each specimen and assists in the recognition and diagnosis of any slide looked at under the microscope. Comprehensive coverage of both common and rare lung diseases and disorders. One stop consultation resource for the reporting room or study, no need to go further to get questions answered. Clinical background and ancillary radiographs incorporated throughout.Provides the user with all of the necessary diagnostic tools to make a complete and accurate pathologic report. Practical advice and tips from two of the world’s recognized experts. Provides the trainee and general surgical pathologist with time saving diagnostic clues when dealing with difficult specimens. Consistent and uniform approach incorporated for each disease and disorder (Etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, pathologic features, differential diagnosis) User-friendly format enables quick and easy navigation to the key information required. Extensive use of summary tables, charts and graphs throughout the text. Helps simplify and clarify complex concepts and facilitates “at a glance comparisons between entities. Extensive reference list highlights landmark articles as well as including most up-to-date citations. Directs the trainee and practitioner to the most recent and authoritative sources for further reading and investigation

Molecular Pathology, An Issue of Surgical Pathology Clinics, EBook

Download Molecular Pathology, An Issue of Surgical Pathology Clinics, EBook PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN 13 : 032379467X
Total Pages : 209 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (237 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Molecular Pathology, An Issue of Surgical Pathology Clinics, EBook by : Lauren Ritterhouse

Download or read book Molecular Pathology, An Issue of Surgical Pathology Clinics, EBook written by Lauren Ritterhouse and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2021-08-11 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this issue of Surgical Pathology Clinics, guest editor Lauren L. Ritterhouse brings her considerable expertise to the topic of molecular pathology. Provides in-depth, clinical reviews on molecular pathology, providing actionable insights for clinical practice. Presents the latest information on this timely, focused topic under the leadership of experienced editors in the field; Authors synthesize and distill the latest research and practice guidelines to create these timely topic-based reviews.

Challenges & Updates in Pediatric Pathology, An Issue of Surgical Pathology Clinics, E-Book

Download Challenges & Updates in Pediatric Pathology, An Issue of Surgical Pathology Clinics, E-Book PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN 13 : 0323775799
Total Pages : 265 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (237 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Challenges & Updates in Pediatric Pathology, An Issue of Surgical Pathology Clinics, E-Book by : Jessica L. Davis

Download or read book Challenges & Updates in Pediatric Pathology, An Issue of Surgical Pathology Clinics, E-Book written by Jessica L. Davis and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2020-11-19 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This issue of Surgical Pathology Clinics, guest edited by Dr. Jessica Davis, is devoted to Challenges & Updates in Pediatric Pathology. Articles in this issue include: Advances and Pitfalls in the Diagnosis of Hirschsprungs Disease, Updates in Pediatric Enteropathies: Differential Diagnosis, Testing, and Genetics, Pediatric Liver Tumors: Updates in Classification, New Prognostic Indicators in Pediatric Adrenal Tumors: Neuroblastoma & Adrenal Cortical Tumors, Pediatric Cystic Lung Lesions, Strategies for the Neonatal Lung Biopsy: Histology to Genetics, Wilm’s Tumor: Challenges and Newcomers in Prognosis, Pediatric Renal Tumors: Updates in the Molecular Era, Newcomers in Vascular Anomalies, Spindle Cell Rhabdomyosarcoma: Further Subcategorization, Pediatric & Infantile Fibroblastic/myofibroblastic Tumors in the Molecular Era, Round Cell Sarcomas: Newcomers and Diagnostic Approaches, CNS Embryonal Tumors: Testing Strategies for Integrated Diagnosis, Updates in Pediatric Gliomas, and more.

Dail and Hammar's Pulmonary Pathology

Download Dail and Hammar's Pulmonary Pathology PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 0387687920
Total Pages : 1316 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (876 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Dail and Hammar's Pulmonary Pathology by : Joseph F. Tomashefski

Download or read book Dail and Hammar's Pulmonary Pathology written by Joseph F. Tomashefski and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-06-18 with total page 1316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dail and Hammar’s Pulmonary Pathology has established itself as the definitive reference in the field. This third edition is now a two-volume, full color text and has been thoroughly updated to cover newly recognized entities and the latest advances in molecular diagnostic techniques. It is abundantly illustrated with more than 2,000 illustrations in total, 1,900 of which are in full color. This first volume focuses on Nonneoplastic lung diseases, and Volume II covers Neoplastic Lung Diseases. It is an outstanding contribution to pathology literature and a must-have for the library of every surgical and pulmonary pathologist.

Pulmonary Pathology E-Book

Download Pulmonary Pathology E-Book PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN 13 : 0323461190
Total Pages : 884 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (234 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Pulmonary Pathology E-Book by : Dani S. Zander

Download or read book Pulmonary Pathology E-Book written by Dani S. Zander and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2016-12-14 with total page 884 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Now fully revised to include recent advances in the field, the second edition of Pulmonary Pathology, a volume in the Foundations in Diagnostic Pathology series, is an essential foundation text for residents and pathologists. The popular template format makes it easy to use, and new information throughout brings you up to date with what’s new in pulmonary pathology and pulmonary medicine, including molecular genetics and personalized medicine therapies. Practical and affordable, this resource by Drs. Dani S. Zander and Carol F. Farver is ideal for study and review as well as everyday clinical practice. Coverage of both common and rare neoplastic and non-neoplastic diseases of the lung and pleura. A focus primarily on diagnosis, with correlations to clinical and radiographic characteristics. Clinical and Pathologic Features summarized in quick-reference boxes for fast retrieval of information. Hundreds of photomicrographs and gross photographs – most in full color – depict important pathologic features, enabling you to form a differential diagnosis and compare your findings with actual cases. Contributions from internationally recognized pathologists, keeping you up to date with the latest information in the field. Consult this title on your favorite e-reader, conduct rapid searches, and adjust font sizes for optimal readability. Virtual Microscope slides now available online. Molecular genetics and personalized medicine therapies included throughout. New classification and approaches to diagnosis and management of pediatric diffuse lung diseases. 9/11-related lung disease and other recently described environmental lung diseases. Information on susceptibility genes for individual diseases. Viral linkage and new therapies for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, and well as information on endobronchial ultrasound-guided needle aspiration.

Pulmonary Pathology

Download Pulmonary Pathology PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : LWW
ISBN 13 : 9781451195279
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (952 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Pulmonary Pathology by : Rosane Duarte Achcar

Download or read book Pulmonary Pathology written by Rosane Duarte Achcar and published by LWW. This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Often times after examining a difficult case a pathologist will arrive at a differential diagnosis. However, the majority of reference materials available are arranged in a traditional format where each entity is discussed in its own section with no emphasis on differentials. To help in these scenarios this book will be arranged according to the most common differential diagnoses in pulmonary pathology and"--

Practical Pulmonary Pathology

Download Practical Pulmonary Pathology PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : W B Saunders Company
ISBN 13 : 9781416057703
Total Pages : 828 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (577 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Practical Pulmonary Pathology by : Kevin O. Leslie

Download or read book Practical Pulmonary Pathology written by Kevin O. Leslie and published by W B Saunders Company. This book was released on 2011 with total page 828 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With an innovative approach, the new edition by Kevin O. Leslie, MD and Mark R. Wick, MD, provides comprehensive, practical guidance in the accurate identification and interpretation of neoplastic and non-neoplastic diseases of the lungs. Illustrated in full color throughout, this "one-stop" resource captures key morphologic patterns for a full range of common and rare conditions and assists in the interpretation of complex diagnostic puzzles.

Pulmonary Pathology

Download Pulmonary Pathology PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN 13 : 0443067414
Total Pages : 854 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (43 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Pulmonary Pathology by : Dani S. Zander

Download or read book Pulmonary Pathology written by Dani S. Zander and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2008-01-01 with total page 854 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By Dani S. Zander, MD, Professor and Vice Chair, Director of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX; and Carol F. Farver, MD, Staff Pathologist, Department of Anatomic Pathology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH

Pulmonary Pathology

Download Pulmonary Pathology PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Demos Medical Publishing
ISBN 13 : 193628734X
Total Pages : 201 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (362 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Pulmonary Pathology by : R. Nagarjun Rao

Download or read book Pulmonary Pathology written by R. Nagarjun Rao and published by Demos Medical Publishing. This book was released on 2014-02-18 with total page 201 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Demos Surgical Pathology Guides series presents in summary and visual form the basic knowledge base that every practicing pathologist needs each working day. Series volumes cover the major specialty areas of surgical pathology, and coverage emphasizes the key entities and diagnoses that pathologists, either in training or practice, must know. The emphasis is on the basic morphology with newer techniques represented where they are frequently used. The series provides a handy summary and quick reference that any pathology resident or fellow will find useful. Experienced practitioners will find the series valuable as a portable refresher course or review tool. Pulmonary Pathology is a concise guide to all of the key pulmonary entities and diagnoses that pathologists see in daily practice. The guide provides a comprehensive view of pulmonary pathology, covering the most important areas of nonneoplastic and neoplastic lung disease, along with coverage of less frequently seen entities. The nonneoplastic portion covers infections, granulomatous diseases, acute lung injury, idiopathic interstitial pneumonias, vasculitis, histiocytoses, lung involvement in systemic disease, and transplant-related lung pathology. The neoplastic section addresses benign neoplasia, preinvasive neoplasia, malignant epithelial tumors, mesenchymal tumors, lymphoproliferative disorders, pleural neoplasia, metastatic tumors to the lung, and tumor-like conditions of the lung. The guide is consistently organized so that each topic includes definition, clinical findings, pathological findings, and differential diagnosis. Important information is featured in bullet points for speedy access, and abundant images, both gross and microscopic, highlight important pathologic features of each entity. Tables collating salient features of related entities further illuminate crucial information. References and suggested readings provide an opportunity for more in-depth study. Pulmonary Pathology is a handy resource for trainees and a useful quick reference or refresher for practicing pathologists. Book jacket.

Pulmonary Pathology

Download Pulmonary Pathology PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030226646
Total Pages : 597 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (32 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Pulmonary Pathology by : Helmut Popper

Download or read book Pulmonary Pathology written by Helmut Popper and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-05-17 with total page 597 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an up-to-date overview of diagnostics in lung and pleura pathology. It helps surgical and clinical pathologist solve problem cases in lung and pleura tumor pathology as well as in other fields of pulmonary/pleura pathology such as interstitial lung disease, rare tumors, metabolic diseases, infectious pneumonias, pneumoconiosis, drug induced lung diseases, developmental and pediatric pulmonary pathology. Focusing on practical issues and providing numerous illustrated examples of typical and atypical cases, it guides residents as well as experienced pathologists through the problems and pitfalls in pulmonary and pleura pathology. References have been kept to a minimum.