Read Books Online and Download eBooks, EPub, PDF, Mobi, Kindle, Text Full Free.
Public Education Expenditures Growth And Income Inequality
Download Public Education Expenditures Growth And Income Inequality full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Public Education Expenditures Growth And Income Inequality ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!
Book Synopsis Public Education Expenditures, Growth and Income Inequality by : Lionel Artige
Download or read book Public Education Expenditures, Growth and Income Inequality written by Lionel Artige and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Public education is usually seen as having at least two desirable effects: fostering economic growth and reducing income inequality. This paper revisits both relations in a single model of occupational choice with an endogenous supply of teachers. First, we show that the impact of public education expenditures on economic growth depends both on the level of these expenditures and the shape of the human capital distribution. Second, our model shows that the relationship between public education spending and income inequality can be U-shaped. We provide empirical evidence for this U-shaped relationship. Finally, we calibrate our model for 8 OECD countries.
Book Synopsis The Political Economy of Public Spending on Education, Inequality, and Growth by : Mark Gradstein
Download or read book The Political Economy of Public Spending on Education, Inequality, and Growth written by Mark Gradstein and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2003 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Public provision of education has often been perceived as universal and egalitarian, but in reality it is not. Political pressure typically results in incidence bias in favor of the rich. The author argues that the bias in political influence resulting from extreme income inequalities is particularly likely to generate an incidence bias, which we call social exclusion. This may then lead to a feedback mechanism whereby inequality in the incidence of public spending on education breeds higher income inequality, thus generating multiple equilibria: with social exclusion and high inequality; and with social inclusion and relatively low inequality. The author also shows that the latter equilibrium leads to higher long-run growth than the former. An extension of the basic model reveals that spillover effects among members of social groups differentiated by race or ethnicity may reinforce the support for social exclusion.
Book Synopsis Education Expenditures, Income Inequality and Economic Growth by : Buly A. Cardak
Download or read book Education Expenditures, Income Inequality and Economic Growth written by Buly A. Cardak and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Education Vouchers, Growth and Income Inequality by : Buly A. Cardak
Download or read book Education Vouchers, Growth and Income Inequality written by Buly A. Cardak and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Economics of Public Education by : Charles Scott Benson
Download or read book The Economics of Public Education written by Charles Scott Benson and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Education, Income Distribution, and Growth by : Roland Benabou
Download or read book Education, Income Distribution, and Growth written by Roland Benabou and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper develops a simple model of human capital accumulation and community formation by heterogeneous families, which provides an integrated framework for analyzing the local determinants of inequality and growth. Five main conclusions emerge. First, minor differences in education technologies, preferences, or wealth can lead to a high degree of stratification. Imperfect capital markets are not necessary, but will compound these other sources. Second, stratification makes inequality in education and income more persistent across generations. Whether or not the same is true of inequality in total wealth depends on the ability of the rich to appropriate the rents created by their secession. Third, the polarization of urban areas resulting from individual residential decisions can be quite inefficient, both from the point of view of aggregate growth and in the Pareto sense, especially in the long run. Fourth, when state-wide equalization of school expenditures is insufficient to reduce stratification, it may improve educational achievement in poor communities much less than it lowers it in richer communities; thus average academic performance and income growth both fall. Yet it may still be possible for education policy to improve both equity and efficiency. Fifth, because of the cumulative nature of the stratification process, it is likely to be much harder to reverse once it has run its course than to arrest it at an early stage.
Book Synopsis The Effects of State Public K-12 Education Expenditures On Income Distribution. NEA Research Working Paper by : Todd Behr
Download or read book The Effects of State Public K-12 Education Expenditures On Income Distribution. NEA Research Working Paper written by Todd Behr and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The effects of education on people's income are well documented in the economics literature, and the benefits of investing in human capital--in terms of both higher earnings and of other economic and social benefits--are popular research topics for economists and other social scientists. The present study explores the effects of public education expenditures on the distribution of income among people living in the 50 states and the District of Columbia. The study's basic premise is that, since a state's income level depends on its residents' educational level then the income distribution within each state is dependent on the distribution of educational levels among its residents. There are, of course, other factors contributing to income level dispersion within a state, and these variables' effects are also considered. This reports chapters are: (1) Income and Poverty Trends and Distribution; (2) Methodology; (3) Empirical Results; and (4) Conclusions. There are two appendixes of summary and supporting tables and a bibliography that combines both referenced and non-referenced citations. The Trends and Distribution chapter discusses income distributions across the fifty states and the District of Columbia and compares other statistical characteristics, such as differences in public education spending. National trends in income equality from 1970 to 2000 are discussed, as well as trends in other state socioeconomic variables. (Contains 3 figures and 15 tables.).
Book Synopsis The Political Economy of Public Spending on Education, Inequality, and Growth by : Mark Gradstein
Download or read book The Political Economy of Public Spending on Education, Inequality, and Growth written by Mark Gradstein and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Public provision of education has often been perceived as universal and egalitarian, but in reality it is not. Political pressure typically results in incidence bias in favor of the rich. Gradstein argues that the bias in political influence resulting from extreme income inequalities is particularly likely to generate an incidence bias, which we call social exclusion. This may then lead to a feedback mechanism whereby inequality in the incidence of public spending on education breeds higher income inequality, thus generating multiple equilibria: with social exclusion and high inequality; and with social inclusion and relatively low inequality. The author also shows that the latter equilibrium leads to higher long-run growth than the former. An extension of the basic model reveals that spillover effects among members of social groups differentiated by race or ethnicity may reinforce the support for social exclusion.This paper - a product of Public Services, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to understand the causes and the consequences of incidence biases in public spending.
Book Synopsis The Distributional Bias of Public Education by : Era Dabla-Norris
Download or read book The Distributional Bias of Public Education written by Era Dabla-Norris and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While public education is often intended to be progressive in its effects on income distribution, in reality its incidence is often skewed toward the rich. This paper argues that the extent of this bias is directly related to institutional weaknesses in governance. We present a simple dynamic model where weak governing institutions allow the rich to be more effective in appropriating a larger share of public education spending thereby preventing inequality reduction. The empirical part provides tentative support for this view, showing that the progressiveness of public education spending is related to the strength of governance.
Book Synopsis Is Inequality Harmful for Growth? by : Torsten Persson
Download or read book Is Inequality Harmful for Growth? written by Torsten Persson and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Is inequality harmful for growth? We suggest that it is. To summarize our main argument: in a society where distributional conflict is more important, political decisions are more likely to produce economic policies that allow private individuals to appropriate less of the returns to growth promoting activities, such as accumulation of capital and productive knowledge. In the paper we first formulate a theoretical model that formally captures this idea. The model has a politico-economic equilibrium, which determines a sequence of growth rates depending on structural parameters, political institutions, and initial conditions. We then confront the testable empirical implications with two sets of data. A first data set pools historical evidence-which goes back to the mid 19th century-from the US and eight European countries. A second data set contains post-war evidence from a broad cross-section of developed and less developed countries. In both samples we find a statistically significant and quantitatively important negative relation between inequality and growth. After a comprehensive sensitivity analysis, we conclude that our findings are not distorted by measurement error, reverse causation, hetroskedasticity, or other econometric problems.
Book Synopsis Income Distribution and Social Expenditure in Brazil by : Mr.Benedict J. Clements
Download or read book Income Distribution and Social Expenditure in Brazil written by Mr.Benedict J. Clements and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1997-09-01 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper examines trends in income distribution in Brazil and the determinants of income inequality, including social expenditure. While recent data reveal reduced income inequality since the Real Plan of July 1994, the distribution of income is still among the most unequal in the world. Among the most important determinants of income inequality in Brazil is extreme disparity in educational attainment levels. Public expenditures on education, health, and social insurance have tended to exacerbate income inequality. A number of options for improving the equity and efficiency of Brazilian social expenditure merit further examination.
Book Synopsis The Effects of State Public K-12 Education Expenditures on Income Distribution by : Todd Behr
Download or read book The Effects of State Public K-12 Education Expenditures on Income Distribution written by Todd Behr and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Education, Equality, and Income Redistribution by : Douglas M. Windham
Download or read book Education, Equality, and Income Redistribution written by Douglas M. Windham and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Inequity in American Schools by : Melissa Holly Mahoney
Download or read book Inequity in American Schools written by Melissa Holly Mahoney and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This article explores how inequities in public K-12 school spending impact the distribution of economic well-being across American households with public school students in 1989 and 2000. Adapting concepts from the public finance literature, I explore the impact of school spending on the vertical and horizontal equity and its impact relative to other types of public spending on social programs and taxation. Conventionally, vertical equity refers to the size of the income gaps between households. Horizontal equity refers to the ranking of households along the income distribution with any change in ranks producing horizontal inequity. My main findings show that school spending, when converted into a component of income, served to reduce extended-income inequality through improvements in vertical equity without the discriminatory implications of exacerbating horizontal inequity across households. Additionally, this impact was at least as large as that of spending on other social programs. This finding bolsters standard arguments for equity and progressivity of school finance across students.
Book Synopsis Inequality and Growth by : Theo S. Eicher
Download or read book Inequality and Growth written by Theo S. Eicher and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2007-01-26 with total page 343 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Even minute increases in a country's growth rate can result in dramatic changes in living standards over just one generation. The benefits of growth, however, may not be shared equally. Some may gain less than others, and a fraction of the population may actually be disadvantaged. Recent economic research has found both positive and negative relationships between growth and inequality across nations. The questions raised by these results include: What is the impact on inequality of policies designed to foster growth? Does inequality by itself facilitate or detract from economic growth, and does it amplify or diminish policy effectiveness? This book provides a forum for economists to examine the theoretical, empirical, and policy issues involved in the relationship between growth and inequality. The aim is to develop a framework for determining the role of public policy in enhancing both growth and equality. The diverse range of topics, examined in both developed and developing countries, includes natural resources, taxation, fertility, redistribution, technological change, transition, labor markets, and education. A theme common to all the essays is the importance of education in reducing inequality and increasing growth.
Book Synopsis Reallocating Public Spending to Reduce Income Inequality: Can It Work? by : Djeneba Doumbia
Download or read book Reallocating Public Spending to Reduce Income Inequality: Can It Work? written by Djeneba Doumbia and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2019-09-06 with total page 51 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Can a government reduce income inequality by changing the composition of public spending while keeping the total level of expenditure fixed? Using newly assembled data on spending composition for 83 countries across all income groups, this paper shows that reallocating spending toward social protection and infrastructure is associated with reduced income inequality, particularly when it is financed through cuts in defense spending. However, the political and security situation matters. The analysis does not find evidence that lowering defense spending to finance infrastructure and social outlays improves income distribution in countries with weak institutions and at higher risk of conflict. Reallocating social protection and infrastructure spending towards other types of spending tends to increase income inequality. Accounting for the long-term impact of health spending, and particularly education spending, helps to better capture the equalizing effects of these expenditures. The paper includes a discussion of the implications of the findings for Indonesia, a major emerging market where income inequality is at the center of policy issues.
Book Synopsis Economic Growth and Social Equity in Developing Countries by : Irma Adelman
Download or read book Economic Growth and Social Equity in Developing Countries written by Irma Adelman and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Exposes the failure of conventional development programs to increase the living standards and political participation of the poor in seventy-four countries
