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Proton Structure
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Book Synopsis The Structure of the Proton by : R. G. Roberts
Download or read book The Structure of the Proton written by R. G. Roberts and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1993-11-26 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This graduate/research level book describes our present knowledge of protons and neutrons, the particles which make up the nucleus of the atom. Experiments using high energy electrons, muons and neutrinos reveal the proton as being made up of point-like constituents, quarks. The strong forces which bind the quarks together are described in terms of the modern theory of quantum chromodynamics (QCD), the â€~glue' binding the quarks being mediated by new constituents called gluons. Larger and new particle accelerators probe the interactions between quarks and gluons at shorter distances. The understanding of this detailed substructure and of the fundamental forces responsible is one of the keys to unravelling the physics of the structure of matter. This book will be of interest to all theoretical and experimental particle physicists.
Book Synopsis The Spin Structure of the Proton by : Steven D. Bass
Download or read book The Spin Structure of the Proton written by Steven D. Bass and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2008 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the main challenges in nuclear and particle physics in the last 20 years has been to understand how the proton's spin is built up from its quark and gluon constituents. Quark models generally predict that about 60% of the proton's spin should be carried by the spin of the quarks inside, whereas high energy scattering experiments have shown that the quark spin contribution is small - only about 30%. This result has been the underlying motivation for about 1000 theoretical papers and a global program of dedicated spin experiments at BNL, CERN, DESY and Jefferson Laboratory to map the individual quark and gluon angular momentum contributions to the proton's spin, which are now yielding exciting results. This book gives an overview of the present status of the field: what is new in the data and what can be expected in the next few years. The emphasis is on the main physical ideas and the interpretation of spin data. The interface between QCD spin physics and the famous axial U(1) problem of QCD (eta and etaprime meson physics) is also highlighted. Book jacket.
Book Synopsis The Spin Structure of the Proton by :
Download or read book The Spin Structure of the Proton written by and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Proton Structure by : William L. Stubbs
Download or read book Proton Structure written by William L. Stubbs and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2015-03-12 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Beta decay implies that electrons and positrons reside within the nucleus of the atom. However, despite countless observations of electrons and positrons leaving the nucleus, the discovery of the neutron put an end to that notion. Proton Structure examines data collected on the proton over 50 years, to determine what a proton looks like. The book discusses the techniques used to interpret the data, in a manner many can understand. It walks, step-by-step, through the data collected, explaining what each aspect of the data reveals, to make a strong case for protons (and neutrons) made of electrons and positrons. Finally, it briefly looks at some implications of having nucleons made of these particles. Proton Structure takes another look at the structural data gathered on the proton, and offers a model of the proton that fits nicely into the world we see around us.
Book Synopsis Nuclear Physics by : National Research Council
Download or read book Nuclear Physics written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1999-03-31 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dramatic progress has been made in all branches of physics since the National Research Council's 1986 decadal survey of the field. The Physics in a New Era series explores these advances and looks ahead to future goals. The series includes assessments of the major subfields and reports on several smaller subfields, and preparation has begun on an overview volume on the unity of physics, its relationships to other fields, and its contributions to national needs. Nuclear Physics is the latest volume of the series. The book describes current activity in understanding nuclear structure and symmetries, the behavior of matter at extreme densities, the role of nuclear physics in astrophysics and cosmology, and the instrumentation and facilities used by the field. It makes recommendations on the resources needed for experimental and theoretical advances in the coming decade.
Book Synopsis Associated Production of W + Charm in 13 TeV Proton-Proton Collisions Measured with CMS and Determination of the Strange Quark Content of the Proton by : Svenja Karen Pflitsch
Download or read book Associated Production of W + Charm in 13 TeV Proton-Proton Collisions Measured with CMS and Determination of the Strange Quark Content of the Proton written by Svenja Karen Pflitsch and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-08-18 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The associated production of a W boson and a single charm quark (W+c) is the only process in proton-proton collisions that directly probes the strange quark content of the proton. In this thesis, W+charm production is measured in proton-proton collisions at the LHC at 13 TeV, as recorded by the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment. The analysis focuses on the identification of W bosons in their leptonic decay to a muon and a neutrino and charm quarks are tagged via the full reconstruction of D*-Mesons. The measured cross sections of W+c production are used, in combination with other relevant CMS results and the most precise HERA DIS data, in a QCD analysis to determine the strange quark content of the proton. The resulting strange quark distribution and suppression, with respect to the other light sea quarks, are in good agreement with those obtained in neutrino scattering experiments and extend their kinematic reach.
Book Synopsis Proton-antiproton Collider Physics - 8th Topical Workshop by : G Belletini
Download or read book Proton-antiproton Collider Physics - 8th Topical Workshop written by G Belletini and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 1990-07-19 with total page 702 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The proceedings presents in a systematic way Top searches, Jets, Gauge Boson production, precision tests of electroweak theory, Ln s Physics, heavy Flavours and exotics. In addition, contributions to the sessions 'News from the World', 'Short term future' and 'Long term future' show the progress of SSC in USA, of LHC at CERN, UNK/VLEPP in USSR together with Perspectives of Hadron Collider Physics.
Book Synopsis Muon-proton Elastic Scattering with BeV Momentum Transfers by : Michael J. Tannenbaum
Download or read book Muon-proton Elastic Scattering with BeV Momentum Transfers written by Michael J. Tannenbaum and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Deep Inelastic Positron-Proton Scattering in the High-Momentum-Transfer Regime of HERA by : Ulrich F. Katz
Download or read book Deep Inelastic Positron-Proton Scattering in the High-Momentum-Transfer Regime of HERA written by Ulrich F. Katz and published by Springer. This book was released on 2003-07-01 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: About three decades after the first experiments on deep inelastic lepton hadron scattering began to investigate the structure of hadrons, the history of this fruitful field of particle physics continues in the broad spectrum of research performed at the electron and positron proton collider HERA at DESY, where the multipurpose detectors ZEUS and H1 access ep scattering at a center of mass energy of 300 GeV and explore as yet uncharted kinematic realms of deep inelastic scattering. After the first years of data taking at HERA, each of the experiments has collected a total of roughly 40 pb 1 of e+p data, yielding sensitivity to deep inelastic e+p interactions at high four momentum transfers, Q2, where typi cal cross sections drop into the subpicobarn regime. This kinematic domain is characterized by electroweak unification, manifesting itself most markedly in the neutral and charged current cross sections, which approach an equal order of magnitude as Q2 rises above the square of the W and Z masses. Consequently, HERA allows, for the first time, studies of both types of pro cesses simultaneously with the same initial state conditions and in the same detector, and thus we can investigate the interplay of electroweak and strong forces governing the respective cross sections.
Book Synopsis Structure and Properties of Cell Membrane Structure and Properties of Cell Membranes by : Benga
Download or read book Structure and Properties of Cell Membrane Structure and Properties of Cell Membranes written by Benga and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-01-18 with total page 458 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides in-depth presentations in membrane biology by specialists of international repute. The volumes examine world literature on recent advances in understanding the molecular struc-ture and properties of membranes, the role they play in cellular physiology and cell-cell interactions, and the alterations leading to abnormal cells. Illustrations, tables, and useful appendices com-plement the text. Those professionals actively working in the field of cell membrane investigations as well as biologists, biochemists, biophysicists, physicians, and academicians, will find this work beneficial.
Book Synopsis Solid State Proton Conductors by : Philippe Knauth
Download or read book Solid State Proton Conductors written by Philippe Knauth and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-01-18 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proton conduction can be found in many different solid materials, from organic polymers at room temperature to inorganic oxides at high temperature. Solid state proton conductors are of central interest for many technological innovations, including hydrogen and humidity sensors, membranes for water electrolyzers and, most importantly, for high-efficiency electrochemical energy conversion in fuel cells. Focusing on fundamentals and physico-chemical properties of solid state proton conductors, topics covered include: Morphology and Structure of Solid Acids Diffusion in Solid Proton Conductors by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Structure and Diffusivity by Quasielastic Neutron Scattering Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy Mechanical and Dynamic Mechanical Analysis of Proton-Conducting Polymers Ab initio Modeling of Transport and Structure Perfluorinated Sulfonic Acids Proton-Conducting Aromatic Polymers Inorganic Solid Proton Conductors Uniquely combining both organic (polymeric) and inorganic proton conductors, Solid State Proton Conductors: Properties and Applications in Fuel Cells provides a complete treatment of research on proton-conducting materials.
Book Synopsis Molecular Mechanisms of Proton-coupled Electron Transfer and Water Oxidation in Photosystem II by : Shin Nakamura
Download or read book Molecular Mechanisms of Proton-coupled Electron Transfer and Water Oxidation in Photosystem II written by Shin Nakamura and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-01-03 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book reviews photosynthetic water oxidation and proton-coupled electron transfer in photosystem, focusing on the molecular vibrations of amino acid residues and water molecules. Photosynthetic water oxidation performed by plants and cyanobacteria is essential for the sustenance of life on Earth, not only as an electron source for synthesizing sugars from CO2, but also as an O2 source in the atmosphere. Water oxidation takes place at the Mn4CaO5 cluster in photosystem II, where a series of electron transfer reactions coupled with proton transfer occur using light energy. The author addresses the unresolved mechanisms of photosynthetic water oxidation and relevant proton-coupled electron transfer reactions using a combined approach of experimental and computational methods such as Fourier transform infrared difference spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations. The results show that protonation and hydrogen-bond structures of water molecules and amino acid residues in the protein play important roles in regulation of the electron and proton transfer reactions. These findings and the methodology make a significant contribution to our understanding the molecular mechanism of photosynthetic water oxidation.
Book Synopsis Proton Transfer in Hydrogen-Bonded Systems by : T. Bountis
Download or read book Proton Transfer in Hydrogen-Bonded Systems written by T. Bountis and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Charge transport through the transfer of protons between molecules has long been recognized as a fundamental process, which plays an important role in many chemical reactions. In particular, proton transfer through Hydrogen (H-) bonds has been identified as the main mechanism, via which many bio logical functions are performed and many properties of such basic substances as proteins and ice can be understood. In this volume, several of these important aspects of the H-bond are rep resented. As the division in different sections already indicates, present day research in proton teansfer in biochemistry, biology, and the physics of water and ice remains highly active and very exciting. Nearly a decade ago, a novel approach to the study of collective proton motion in H-bonded systems was proposed, in which this phenomenon was explained by the propagation of certain coherent structures called solitons. In the years that followed, the approach ofsoliton dynamics was further extended and developed by many researchers around the world, into a legitimate and useful method for the analysis of proton transfer in H-bonded systems. Dr. Stephanos Pnevmatikos, the original Director of this ARW, was one of the pioneers in the application ofsoliton ideas to the study ofcharge transport through H-bonds. Having used similar concepts himself in his research on 2D lattices) he was convinced energy transfer through molecular chains (and that solitons can play an important role in enhancing our understanding of protonic conductivity.
Book Synopsis High-Resolution NMR Techniques in Organic Chemistry by : Timothy D.W. Claridge
Download or read book High-Resolution NMR Techniques in Organic Chemistry written by Timothy D.W. Claridge and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2016-04-22 with total page 552 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: High-Resolution NMR Techniques in Organic Chemistry, Third Edition describes the most important NMR spectroscopy techniques for the structure elucidation of organic molecules and the investigation of their behaviour in solution. Appropriate for advanced undergraduate and graduate students, research chemists and NMR facility managers, this thorough revision covers practical aspects of NMR techniques and instrumentation, data collection, and spectrum interpretation. It describes all major classes of one- and two-dimensional NMR experiments including homonuclear and heteronuclear correlations, the nuclear Overhauser effect, diffusion measurements, and techniques for studying protein–ligand interactions. A trusted authority on this critical expertise, High-Resolution NMR Techniques in Organic Chemistry, Third Edition is an essential resource for every chemist and NMR spectroscopist.
Book Synopsis Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells by : David P. Wilkinson
Download or read book Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells written by David P. Wilkinson and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2009-11-24 with total page 462 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Detailed, Up-to-Date Treatment of Key Developments in PEMFC MaterialsThe potential to revolutionize the way we power our worldBecause of its lower temperature and special polymer electrolyte membrane, the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is well-suited for transportation, portable, and micro fuel cell applications. But the performance o
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309478561 Total Pages :153 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (94 download)
Book Synopsis An Assessment of U.S.-Based Electron-Ion Collider Science by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book An Assessment of U.S.-Based Electron-Ion Collider Science written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2018-10-13 with total page 153 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding of protons and neutrons, or "nucleons"â€"the building blocks of atomic nucleiâ€"has advanced dramatically, both theoretically and experimentally, in the past half century. A central goal of modern nuclear physics is to understand the structure of the proton and neutron directly from the dynamics of their quarks and gluons governed by the theory of their interactions, quantum chromodynamics (QCD), and how nuclear interactions between protons and neutrons emerge from these dynamics. With deeper understanding of the quark-gluon structure of matter, scientists are poised to reach a deeper picture of these building blocks, and atomic nuclei themselves, as collective many-body systems with new emergent behavior. The development of a U.S. domestic electron-ion collider (EIC) facility has the potential to answer questions that are central to completing an understanding of atoms and integral to the agenda of nuclear physics today. This study assesses the merits and significance of the science that could be addressed by an EIC, and its importance to nuclear physics in particular and to the physical sciences in general. It evaluates the significance of the science that would be enabled by the construction of an EIC, its benefits to U.S. leadership in nuclear physics, and the benefits to other fields of science of a U.S.-based EIC.
Book Synopsis Investigations of Field Dynamics in Laser Plasmas with Proton Imaging by : Thomas Sokollik
Download or read book Investigations of Field Dynamics in Laser Plasmas with Proton Imaging written by Thomas Sokollik and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-01-12 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Laser-driven proton beams are still in their infancy but already have some outstanding attributes compared to those produced in conventional accelerators. One such attribute is the typically low beam emittance. This allows excellent resolution in imaging applications like proton radiography. This thesis describes a novel imaging technique - the proton streak camera - that the author developed and first used to measure both the spatial and temporal evolution of ultra-strong electrical fields in laser-driven plasmas. Such investigations are of paramount importance for the understanding of laser-plasma interactions and, thus, for optimization of laser-driven particle acceleration. In particular, the present work investigated micrometer-sized spherical targets after laser irradiation. The confined geometry of plasmas and fields was found to influence the kinetic energy and spatial distribution of accelerated ions. This could be shown both in experimental radiography images and and in numerical simulations, one of which was selected for the cover page of Physical Review Letters.
