Proteomic And Functional Studies Of The Influenza A Virus Pa X Protein

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Proteomic and Functional Studies of the Influenza A Virus PA-X Protein

Author : Brittany Porter
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (134 download)

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Book Synopsis Proteomic and Functional Studies of the Influenza A Virus PA-X Protein by : Brittany Porter

Download or read book Proteomic and Functional Studies of the Influenza A Virus PA-X Protein written by Brittany Porter and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Viral RNA endonuclease activity is required for influenza A virus (IAV) replication. This activity resides in the polymerase acidic (PA) protein, which assembles into viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) complexes and cleaves nascent host pre-mRNAs proximal to 5'-m7G caps, creating primers for viral mRNA synthesis. A rare (+1) ribosomal frameshifting event during translation of the PA open reading frame (ORF) creates the polymerase acidic-X (PA-X) protein. PA-X retains the amino-terminal PA RNA endonuclease domain, but contains a novel short carboxy-terminus, dubbed the X-ORF. Accumulating evidence indicates PA-X is a host shutoff protein functioning in the nucleus, selectively cleaving RNAs transcribed by host RNA polymerase II (pol II) while sparing RNA pol I, III, and viral transcripts. The molecular mechanism for this specificity remains to be elucidated. I hypothesize that PA-X gains access to target RNAs by X-ORF-mediated interaction with host proteins. In this study, I used a proximity labeling proteomic method known as BioID to identify host proteins that interact with the X-ORF. In BioID, fusion of the bait protein to a promiscuous biotin ligase allows efficient biotinylation of lysine residues on nearby proteins. X-ORF baits subjected to BioID included a 61-amino acid variant from A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 (H1N1) and a truncated 41-amino acid variant from A/California/7/2009 (H1N1), as well as a mutant X-ORF lacking basic residues required for nuclear localization. Affinity-purified proteins were trypsinized, subjected to reductive dimethylation with stable isotope tags, and identified by mass spectrometry. Using quantitative analysis, 29 high-confidence candidate X-ORF-interacting proteins were identified. X-ORF interacting proteins were validated using a luciferase-based functional assay in cells where each candidate host gene was silenced by short-hairpin RNAs. Through this study, the cleavage factor I (CFIm) complex proteins, cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor subunit 5 (CPSF5) and CPSF6, were identified as required for PA-X function. The CFIm complex is poorly characterized but is known to influence site selection for mRNA 3'-end cleavage and polyadenylation. My observations are concordant with the emerging model for PA-X host shutoff activity, which has been shown to require canonical mRNA 3'-end processing mechanisms.

Proteomic Studies of the Influenza Virus-human Cell Interations

Author : Yimeng Wang
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781303014543
Total Pages : 258 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (145 download)

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Book Synopsis Proteomic Studies of the Influenza Virus-human Cell Interations by : Yimeng Wang

Download or read book Proteomic Studies of the Influenza Virus-human Cell Interations written by Yimeng Wang and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Influenza A viruses (IAVs) continue to be a threat to human health. Despite extensive studies, the mechanisms underlying the IAVs-host interactions during IAV infection remain elusive. We employed quantitative proteomic methods to systematically explore the host cell protein expression responses to IAV infection and examine the function of a critical IAV protein called NS1 by identifying its host binding partners. Specifically, we used a 2-dimentional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) based proteomic method to screen host proteins whose expression was substantially altered by IAV. One critical protein named IkappaB kinase-gamma (IKKgamma) was found to be significantly down-regulated during IAV infection. Functional studies indicated that IKKgamma and IAVs were mutually inhibitory and IKKgamma might be the target for virus to inhibit IFN production. IAV protein NS1 is known to play critical roles in viral pathogenesis and host immune responses. Through 2-DE proteomic approach and mass spectrometry, we identified several novel host cellular proteins that were associated with NS1. First, we found that heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2/B1 (hnRNP A2/B1) interacted with NS1, affected replication, transcription, expression and nucleo-cytoplasmic translocation of NS1 mRNA, and the eventual whole virus replication. Second, two ATPase proteins, RUVBL1 and RUVBL2, were identified to associate with NS1 for regulation of cell apoptosis in the absence of IFNs. Third, based on previous finding of the interaction between a DEAD family protein designated as DDX100 and NS1 through a more sensitive proteomic approach called SILAC (stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture), we found this interaction promoted virus replication through enhancing viral NS1 gene replication, transcription, and dsRNA unwinding. In summary, through quantitative proteomic, molecular and cell biology studies, we generated the global picture of host cell protein expression responses to IAV infection. For IAV NS1, several host cellular proteins were found to interact with NS1 to regulate the host cell action and virus proliferation.

Dynamics of the Mammalian Nuclear Proteome During Influenza Viral Infection Using Silac-Based MS Quantitative Proteomics

Author : King-Yan Leo So
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781361275733
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (757 download)

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Book Synopsis Dynamics of the Mammalian Nuclear Proteome During Influenza Viral Infection Using Silac-Based MS Quantitative Proteomics by : King-Yan Leo So

Download or read book Dynamics of the Mammalian Nuclear Proteome During Influenza Viral Infection Using Silac-Based MS Quantitative Proteomics written by King-Yan Leo So and published by . This book was released on 2017-01-26 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation, "Dynamics of the Mammalian Nuclear Proteome During Influenza Viral Infection Using SILAC-based MS Quantitative Proteomics" by King-yan, Leo, So, 蘇敬仁, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: Influenza has resided with the human race long before we have any written record of it. Its death toll is one of the highest among all other virus. In recent history, pandemic outbreaks of influenza have caused even more deaths. Therefore it is of great importance that we focus our resources on understanding its viral components and functions. In this study, chimeric mutagenesis was used to investigate the antigenic variance of antibodies I50C and I131B on H1N1 and H5N1 NP. It was revealed from previous study that antibodies I50C and I131B can detect H1N1 NP but not H5N1 NP. NP from influenza A strains A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 (PR8), A/Vietnam/3046/2004 (3046) and A/Indonesia/5/2005 (indo) were used to construct the NP chimeric mutants. Nucleotide sequence from the region spanning from bp 484-506 was chosen as template to design the primers for obtaining head and tail fragments which were components of the NP constructs. Results showed that antibodies I50C and I131B can only detect NP constructs with PR8 head fragments regardless of any tail fragments, and cannot detect NP constructs with 3046 or indo head fragments. Therefore the binding epitope on H1N1 NP tested by the antibodies I50C and I131B is deduced to be within bp 1-506. In order to understand the dynamics of host and viral nuclear proteome during the influenza A infection, the pulse SILAC (Stable Isotope Labeling of Amino acids on Cell lines) MS-proteomic approach was adopted. More and more research studies are MS-proteomic based as people recognize that proteins truly define the outcome of a cell, with fewer limitations by solely looking at the genome. The pulse SILAC technique involves incorporating "light" isotope-labeled amino acids such as arginine and lysine into cells' proteins prior infection experiment. While the cells are under influenza infection, "heavy" isotope-labeled amino acids were used to label the cells 2 hour prior each harvesting time points. Since only proteins synthesized within the 2 hour windows are "heavy" isotope labeled, relative quantification of "heavy" isotope to "light" isotope by mass spectrometry (MS) can be calculated into heavy: light (H/L) ratios. Through this method we can know to what extents are the proteins affected and whether the effect is global or specific. Together with the temporal degree of the data, we can reveal the dynamics of host and viral nuclear proteome during the influenza A infection. MS results of the influenza viral proteins agree with the viral gene expression profile upon infections and corresponded well with time of viral protein expressions during influenza pathogenesis investigated by other research groups. A number of proteins were identified to increase in turnover rate at 8 hpi. This gives a partial view of up-regulated functions inside the nucleus during influenza A infection at that stage. The up-regulated proteins represent cellular functions that are related to: energy homeostasis, microtubule-dependent transport, DNA coiling regulation, transcription regulation, translation regulation and protein folding. The findings of this research present more information to understand influenza virus and provide a stepping stone for fellow influenza researchers. DOI: 10.5353/th_b4786986 Subjects: Viral proteins Influenza Proteomics

Influenza Virology

Author : Yoshihiro Kawaoka
Publisher : Horizon Scientific Press
ISBN 13 : 9781904455066
Total Pages : 367 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (55 download)

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Book Synopsis Influenza Virology by : Yoshihiro Kawaoka

Download or read book Influenza Virology written by Yoshihiro Kawaoka and published by Horizon Scientific Press. This book was released on 2006 with total page 367 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: World renowned scientists critically review the most important issues in this rapidly expanding field.

Global host proteomic responses to virus infection

Author : Kevin Coombs
Publisher : Frontiers E-books
ISBN 13 : 2889191206
Total Pages : 121 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (891 download)

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Book Synopsis Global host proteomic responses to virus infection by : Kevin Coombs

Download or read book Global host proteomic responses to virus infection written by Kevin Coombs and published by Frontiers E-books. This book was released on with total page 121 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The field of virology has seen explosive growth in the past few decades. A large amount of effort has gone into successfully delineating virus evolution, genetic diversity, immunology, pathogenesis, structure, vaccine development, viral gene expression and genomic replication strategies. In addition, considerable recent work has been focusing on cellular responses to infection as well as how viruses may induce transformation and oncogenesis. Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites and thus absolutely dependent upon host cells. Not surprisingly, they often cause profound changes in cells, including apoptosis, death and signalling, to name a few perturbations. Thus, the molecular signals for how viruses induce pathophysiological alterations in their hosts have been of growing recent interest. Cellular and organismal responses, such as those induced by virus infection, are invariably mediated by changes in gene and protein expression and modification. Thus, there has been keen interest in understanding how gene and protein expressions and modifications are quantitatively and qualitatively affected by such challenges. From a historical perspective, most early work that examined host protein responses to virus infection employed “biased” approaches, in which investigators targeted a limited number, or only one cellular molecule of interest. Completion of many organisms’ genome sequences has allowed the global “non-biased” simultaneous analysis of the entire repertoire of cellular mRNA species, the transcriptome, by gene micro-arrays. This has provided significant information about how cellular gene expressions are altered by virus-induced perturbations, but has not provided as much information about the encoded proteins. This results for several reasons, including, but not limited to the fact that gene expression levels cannot accurately predict protein expression levels, nor the types and extent of post-translational modifications, many genes encode multiple proteins through splice variants, and protein activity may be affected by a large number of conditions, including phosphorylation. Recent technological and bioinformatic approaches make it now possible to begin to extend similar global analyses to probe the cellular proteome, the repertoire of the actual effector molecules. One general strategy has been to take advantage of improved separations technologies, as well as greatly improved mass spectrometry resolution, to quantitatively or comparatively measure hundreds or thousands of proteins. Proteins from multiple conditions (i.e., mock-infected and infected) may be differentially labelled by various techniques, such as 2D-DIGE, ICAT, iTRAQ, SILAC, with 18O during peptide preparation, and/or by various other methods, and then compared to measure comparative alterations in the levels of proteins induced by the virus infection. Such analyses have also been extended by using “label-free” methods for more efficient multiplexing applications, and/or by examining specific protein modifications. In addition, concerted efforts to raise antibodies against all cellular proteins have resulted in the development of “antibody arrays,” which are also generally used for quantitative or comparative assays. Finally, while assays, such as the above, are generally limited to delineating the absolute amount of specific proteins, newer technologies have been developed that allow the simultaneous probing of hundreds of proteins’ functions. Assays, such as “Activity Based Protein Profiling”, are designed to probe enzymatic activity, with current focus on broad-spectrum proteases and other enzymatic classes. This Research Topic will provide an overview of many of these methods, as well as numerous specific examples of each approach, and how they are used to better delineate the ways viruses affect cellular responses during infection.

Virus Bioinformatics

Author : Manja Marz
Publisher : MDPI
ISBN 13 : 3039218824
Total Pages : 330 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (392 download)

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Book Synopsis Virus Bioinformatics by : Manja Marz

Download or read book Virus Bioinformatics written by Manja Marz and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-02-21 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Virus bioinformatics is evolving and succeeding as an area of research in its own right, representing the interface of virology and computer science. Bioinformatic approaches to investigate viral infections and outbreaks have become central to virology research, and have been successfully used to detect, control, and treat infections of humans and animals. As part of the Third Annual Meeting of the European Virus Bioinformatics Center (EVBC), we have published this Special Issue on Virus Bioinformatics.

Dancing Protein Clouds: Intrinsically Disordered Proteins in the Norm and Pathology

Author : Vladimir Uversky
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 012816851X
Total Pages : 426 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

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Book Synopsis Dancing Protein Clouds: Intrinsically Disordered Proteins in the Norm and Pathology by : Vladimir Uversky

Download or read book Dancing Protein Clouds: Intrinsically Disordered Proteins in the Norm and Pathology written by Vladimir Uversky and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-09-15 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Dancing protein clouds: Intrinsically disordered proteins in the norm and pathology" represents a set of selected studies on a variety of research topics related to intrinsically disordered proteins. Topics in this update include structural and functional characterization of several important intrinsically disordered proteins, such as 14-3-3 proteins and their partners, as well as proteins from muscle sarcomere; representation of intrinsic disorder-related concept of protein structure-function continuum; discussion of the role of intrinsic disorder in phenotypic switching; consideration of the role of intrinsically disordered proteins in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases and cancer; discussion of the roles of intrinsic disorder in functional amyloids; demonstration of the usefulness of the analysis of translational diffusion of unfolded and intrinsically disordered proteins; consideration of various computational tools for evaluation of functions of intrinsically disordered regions; and discussion of the role of shear stress in the amyloid formation of intrinsically disordered regions in the brain. Provides some recent studies on the intrinsically disordered proteins and their functions, as well as on the involvement of intrinsically disordered proteins in pthogenesis of various diseases Contains numerous illustrative materials (color figures, diagrams, and tables) to help the readers to delve in the information provided Includes contributions from recognized experts in the field

Virus Protein and Nucleoprotein Complexes

Author : J. Robin Harris
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9811084564
Total Pages : 442 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (11 download)

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Book Synopsis Virus Protein and Nucleoprotein Complexes by : J. Robin Harris

Download or read book Virus Protein and Nucleoprotein Complexes written by J. Robin Harris and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-06-13 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Subcellular Biochemistry series has recently embarked upon an almost encyclopaedic coverage of topics relating to the structure and function of macromolecular complexes (Volumes 82, 83 and 87). The present multi-author text covers numerous aspects of current research into molecular virology, with emphasis upon viral protein and nucleoprotein structure and function. Structural data from cryo-electron microscopy and X-ray crystallography is displayed throughout the book. The 17 chapters in the book cover diverse interesting topics, all currently under investigation, contributed by authors who are active actively involved in present-day research. Whilst structural aspects predominate, there is much consideration of the structure-function relationship. In addition, the book correlates with and extends from Volume 68 of the series “Structure and Physics of Viruses: An Integrated Textbook”. This book is directed primarily at professionals that work in the broad field of Structural Biology and will be of particular interest to Structural Virologists. The editors, David Bhella and Robin Harris, have much experience in virology and protein structure, respectively. Dr Bhella is Director of the Scottish Macromolecular Imaging Centre. Professor Robin Harris is the long-standing Series Editor of the Subcellular Biochemistry series. He has edited and contributed to several books in the series.

Influenza Virus

Author : Yohei Yamauchi
Publisher : Humana
ISBN 13 : 9781493993635
Total Pages : 663 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (936 download)

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Book Synopsis Influenza Virus by : Yohei Yamauchi

Download or read book Influenza Virus written by Yohei Yamauchi and published by Humana. This book was released on 2019-09-11 with total page 663 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides researchers with widely used techniques for the study of virology, focusing on molecular biology and imaging to encourage mechanistic investigation of virus-host interactions. Chapters detail a broad range of methods from diagnosis, virus propagation, proteomics, haploid screening, lentiviral screening, virus entry, single molecule RNA imaging, correlative light and electron microscopy (CLEM), EM, light-sheet microscopy, biochemistry, viral transcription, physiological infection models, animal models, in vivo imaging, antigenic evolution, immunology to mathematical modelling. Reviews cover general influenza, clinical trials, both sides of the gain-of-function debate, and computational modelling. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Cutting-edge and thorough, Influenza Virus: Methods and Protocols aims to motivate experienced researchers and newcomers in the field and improve our overall understanding of influenza.

Molecular Diagnostics: Promises and Possibilities

Author : Mousumi Debnath
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9048132614
Total Pages : 527 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (481 download)

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Book Synopsis Molecular Diagnostics: Promises and Possibilities by : Mousumi Debnath

Download or read book Molecular Diagnostics: Promises and Possibilities written by Mousumi Debnath and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-01-29 with total page 527 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A rapid development in diverse areas of molecular biology and genetic engineering resulted in emergence of variety of tools. These tools are not only applicable to basic researches being carried out world over, but also exploited for precise detection of abnormal conditions in plants, animals and human body. Although a basic researcher is well versed with few techniques used by him/her in the laboratory, they may not be well acquainted with methodologies, which can be used to work out some of their own research problems. The picture is more blurred when the molecular diagnostic tools are to be used by physicians, scientists and technicians working in diagnostic laboratories in hospitals, industry and academic institutions. Since many of them are not trained in basics of these methods, they come across several gray areas in understanding of these tools. The accurate application of molecular diagnostic tools demands in depth understanding of the methodology for precise detection of the abnormal condition of living body. To meet the requirements of a good book on molecular diagnostics of students, physicians, scientists working in agricultural, veterinary, medical and pharmaceutical sciences, it needs to expose the reader lucidly to: Give basic science behind commonly used tools in diagnostics Expose the readers to detailed applications of these tools and Make them aware the availability of such diagnostic tools The book will attract additional audience of pathologists, medical microbiologists, pharmaceutical sciences, agricultural scientists and veterinary doctors if the following topics are incorporated at appropriate places in Unit II or separately as a part of Unit-III in the book. Molecular diagnosis of diseases in agricultural crops Molecular diagnosis of veterinary diseases. Molecular epidemiology, which helps to differentiate various epidemic strains and sources of disease outbreaks. Even in different units of the same hospital, the infections could be by different strains of the same species and the information becomes valuable for infection control strategies. Drug resistance is a growing problem for bacterial, fungal and parasitic microbes and the molecular biology tools can help to detect the drug resistance genes without the cultivation and in vitro sensitivity testing. Molecular diagnostics offers faster help in the selection of the proper antibiotic for the treatment of tuberculosis, which is a major problem of the in the developing world. The conventional culture and drug sensitivity testing of tuberculosis bacilli is laborious and time consuming, whereas molecular diagnosis offers rapid drug resistant gene detection even from direct clinical samples. The same approach for HIV, malaria and many more diseases needs to be considered. Molecular diagnostics in the detection of diseases during foetal life is an upcoming area in the foetal medicine in case of genetic abnormalities and infectious like TORCH complex etc. The book will be equally useful to students, scientists and professionals working in the field of molecular diagnostics.

Molecular Epidemiology

Author : Paul A. Schulte
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0323138578
Total Pages : 609 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (231 download)

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Book Synopsis Molecular Epidemiology by : Paul A. Schulte

Download or read book Molecular Epidemiology written by Paul A. Schulte and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 609 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book will serve as a primer for both laboratory and field scientists who are shaping the emerging field of molecular epidemiology. Molecular epidemiology utilizes the same paradigm as traditional epidemiology but uses biological markers to identify exposure, disease or susceptibility. Schulte and Perera present the epidemiologic methods pertinent to biological markers. The book is also designed to enumerate the considerations necessary for valid field research and provide a resource on the salient and subtle features of biological indicators.

Viral Polymerases

Author : Satya Prakash Gupta
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128154233
Total Pages : 496 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

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Book Synopsis Viral Polymerases by : Satya Prakash Gupta

Download or read book Viral Polymerases written by Satya Prakash Gupta and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-10-29 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Viral Polymerases: Structures, Functions and Roles as Antiviral Drug Targets presents in-depth study information on the structure and functions of polymerases and their roles in the lifecycle of viruses, and as drug targets. Viral polymerases constitute a vital component in the lifecycle of many viruses, such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis viruses, influenza virus, and several others. They are essentially required for the replication of viruses. Thus, the polymerases that can be found in viruses (called viral polymerases) represent favorable targets for the design and development of antiviral drugs. Provides comprehensive, state-of-the-art coverage on virus infections, the virus lifecycle, and mechanisms of polymerase inhibition Analyzes the structure-activity relationships of inhibitors of each viral polymerase Presents a consistent and comprehensive coverage of all aspects of viral polymerases, including structure, function and their role as antiviral drug targets

Ranaviruses

Author : Matthew J. Gray
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9783319137568
Total Pages : 246 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (375 download)

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Book Synopsis Ranaviruses by : Matthew J. Gray

Download or read book Ranaviruses written by Matthew J. Gray and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-05-01 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first book on ranaviruses. Ranaviruses are double-stranded DNA viruses that cause hemorrhagic disease in amphibians, reptiles, and fish. They have caused mass die-offs of ectothermic vertebrates in wild and captive populations around the globe. There is evidence that this pathogen is emerging and responsible for population declines in certain locations. Considering that amphibians and freshwater turtles are suitable hosts and the most imperiled vertebrate taxa in the world, ranaviruses can have significant impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem function. Additionally, many fish that are raised in aquaculture facilities and traded internationally are suitable hosts; thus, the potential economic impact of ranaviruses is significant. Ranaviruses also serve as a model for replication and gene function of large double-stranded DNA viruses. There is an urgent need to assemble the contemporary information on ranaviruses and provide guidance on how to assess their threats in populations. Through the Global Ranavirus Consortium, 24 experts from six countries were organize to write this volume, the first book on ranaviruses. The book begins with a discussion on the global extent of ranaviruses, case histories of infection and disease in ectothermic vertebrates, and current phylogeny. Basic principles of ranavirus ecology and evolution are covered next, with a focus on host-pathogen interactions and how the virus emerges in its environment. There are two chapters that will discuss the molecular biology of ranaviruses, host response to infection, and the genes responsible for immune system evasion. One chapter establishes standards for testing for infection and diagnosing ranaviral disease. The book ends by providing guidance on how to design ranavirus surveillance studies and analyze data to determine risk, and discussing the role of the Global Ranavirus Consortium in organizing research and outreach activities.

Avian Immunology

Author : Bernd Kaspers
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0123972728
Total Pages : 456 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (239 download)

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Book Synopsis Avian Immunology by : Bernd Kaspers

Download or read book Avian Immunology written by Bernd Kaspers and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second edition of Avian Immunology provides an up-to-date overview of the current knowledge of avian immunology. From the ontogeny of the avian immune system to practical application in vaccinology, the book encompasses all aspects of innate and adaptive immunity in chickens. In addition, chapters are devoted to the immunology of other commercially important species such as turkeys and ducks, and to ecoimmunology summarizing the knowledge of immune responses in free-living birds often in relation to reproductive success. The book contains a detailed description of the avian innate immune system, encompassing the mucosal, enteric, respiratory and reproductive systems. The diseases and disorders it covers include immunodepressive diseases and immune evasion, autoimmune diseases, and tumors of the immune system. Practical aspects of vaccination are examined as well. Extensive appendices summarize resources for scientists including cell lines, inbred chicken lines, cytokines, chemokines, and monoclonal antibodies. The world-wide importance of poultry protein for the human diet, as well as the threat of avian influenza pandemics like H5N1 and heavy reliance on vaccination to protect commercial flocks makes this book a vital resource. This book provides crucial information not only for poultry health professionals and avian biologists, but also for comparative and veterinary immunologists, graduate students and veterinary students with an interest in avian immunology. With contributions from 33 of the foremost international experts in the field, this book provides the most up-to-date review of avian immunology so far Contains a detailed description of the avian innate immune system reviewing constitutive barriers, chemical and cellular responses; it includes a comprehensive review of avian Toll-like receptors Contains a wide-ranging review of the "ecoimmunology" of free-living avian species, as applied to studies of population dynamics, and reviews methods and resources available for carrying out such research

Protein Analysis and Purification

Author : I.M. Rosenberg
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1475711085
Total Pages : 453 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (757 download)

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Book Synopsis Protein Analysis and Purification by : I.M. Rosenberg

Download or read book Protein Analysis and Purification written by I.M. Rosenberg and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-14 with total page 453 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is designed to be a practical progression of experimental techniques an investigator may follow when embarking on a biochemical project. The protocols may be performed in the order laid out or may be used inde pendently. The aim of the book is to assist a wide range of researchers. from the novice to the frustrated veteran, in the choice and design of experiments that are to be performed to provide answers to specific questions. The manual describes standard techniques that have been shown to work, as well as some newer ones that are beginning to prove important. By following the promi nently numbered steps. you can work your way through any protocol. whether it's a new technique or a task you've done before for which you need a quick review or updated methodology. This manual will assist the experimentalist in designing properly controlled experiments. There will be no advice for dealing with specific pieces of equip ment other than encouragement to read the manual, if you can find it. Through out all manipulations try to be objective. Be on the lookout for unexpected findings. You will learn the most from unexpected results. and they are often the beginning of the next project. It is never possible to record too much in your lab notebook. Do not get discouraged. Remember, things will not always run smoothly.

Human Herpesviruses

Author : Ann Arvin
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1139461648
Total Pages : 1325 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (394 download)

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Book Synopsis Human Herpesviruses by : Ann Arvin

Download or read book Human Herpesviruses written by Ann Arvin and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2007-08-16 with total page 1325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive account of the human herpesviruses provides an encyclopedic overview of their basic virology and clinical manifestations. This group of viruses includes human simplex type 1 and 2, Epstein–Barr virus, Kaposi's Sarcoma-associated herpesvirus, cytomegalovirus, HHV6A, 6B and 7, and varicella-zoster virus. The viral diseases and cancers they cause are significant and often recurrent. Their prevalence in the developed world accounts for a major burden of disease, and as a result there is a great deal of research into the pathophysiology of infection and immunobiology. Another important area covered within this volume concerns antiviral therapy and the development of vaccines. All these aspects are covered in depth, both scientifically and in terms of clinical guidelines for patient care. The text is illustrated generously throughout and is fully referenced to the latest research and developments.

Membrane Biogenesis

Author : Jos A.F. Op den Kamp
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642731848
Total Pages : 474 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (427 download)

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Book Synopsis Membrane Biogenesis by : Jos A.F. Op den Kamp

Download or read book Membrane Biogenesis written by Jos A.F. Op den Kamp and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 474 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many individual aspects of the dynamics and assembly of biological membranes have been studied in great detail. Cell biological approaches, advanced genetics, biophysics and biochemistry have greatly contributed to an increase in our knowledge in this field.lt is obvious however, that the three major membrane constituents - lipids, proteins and carbohydrates- are studied, in most cases separately and that a coherent overview of the various aspects of membrane biogenesis is not readily available. The NATO Advanced Study Institute on "New Perspectives in the Dynamics of Assembly of Biomembranes" intended to provide such an overview: it was set up to teach students and specialists the achievements obtained in the various research areas and to try and integrate the numerous aspects of membrane assembly into a coherent framework. The articles in here reflect this. Statting with detailed contributions on phospholipid structure, dynamics, organization and biogenesis, an up to date overview of the basic, lipidic backbone of biomembranes is given. Extensive progress is made in the research on membrane protein biosynthesis. In particular the post- and co-translational modification processes of proteins, the mechanisms of protein translocation and the sorting mechanisms which are necessary to direct proteins to their final, intra - or extracellular destination have been characterized in detail. Modern genetic approaches were indispensable in this research area: gene cloning, hybrid protein construction, site directed mutagenesis and sequencing techniques elucidated many functional aspects of specific nucleic acid and amino acid sequences.