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Proppant Settling In Viscoelastic Surfactant Ves Fluids
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Book Synopsis Proppant Settling in Viscoelastic Surfactant (VES) Fluids by : Sahil Malhotra
Download or read book Proppant Settling in Viscoelastic Surfactant (VES) Fluids written by Sahil Malhotra and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polymer-free viscoelastic surfactant-based (VES) fluid systems have been used to eliminate polymer-based damage and to efficiently transport proppants into the fracture. Current models and correlations neglect the important influence of fracture walls and fluid elasticity on proppant settling. This report presents an experimental study that investigates the impact of fluid elasticity and fracture width on proppant settling in VES fluid systems. Proppant settling experiments are performed in shear-thinning VES fluids. Experimental data is presented to show that fluid elasticity plays an important role in controlling the settling rate of the proppants. It is shown that elastic effects can increase as well as reduce the settling velocities depending upon the rheological properties of the fluid and properties of the proppants. Data is presented to show that the settling velocity reduces significantly as the proppant size becomes comparable to the fracture width. The reduction in settling velocity due to the presence of the fracture walls depends on the rheological properties of the fluid, ratio of particle diameter to fracture width as well as the diameter of the particle.
Book Synopsis Role of Fluid Elasticity and Viscous Instabilities in Proppant Transport in Hydraulic Fractures by : Sahil Malhotra
Download or read book Role of Fluid Elasticity and Viscous Instabilities in Proppant Transport in Hydraulic Fractures written by Sahil Malhotra and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation presents an experimental investigation of fluid flow, proppant settling and horizontal proppant transport in hydraulic fractures. The work is divided into two major sections: investigation of proppant settling in polymer-free surfactant-based viscoelastic (VES) fluids and development of a new method of proppant injection, referred to as Alternate-Slug fracturing. VES fluid systems have been used to eliminate polymer-based damage and to efficiently transport proppant into the fracture. Current models and correlations neglect the important influence of fracture walls and fluid elasticity on proppant settling. Experimental data is presented to show that elastic effects can increase or decrease the settling velocity of particles, even in the creeping flow regime. Experimental data shows that significant drag reduction occurs at low Weissenberg number, followed by a transition to drag enhancement at higher Weissenberg numbers. A new correlation is presented for the sphere settling velocity in unbounded viscoelastic fluids as a function of the fluid rheology and the proppant properties. The wall factors for sphere settling velocities in viscoelastic fluids confined between solid parallel plates (fracture walls) are calculated from experimental measurements made on these fluids over a range of Weissenberg numbers. Results indicate that elasticity reduces the retardation effect of the confining walls and this reduction is more pronounced at higher ratios of the particle diameter to spacing between the walls. Shear thinning behavior of fluids is also observed to reduce the retardation effect of the confining walls. A new empirical correlation for wall factors for spheres settling in a viscoelastic fluid confined between two parallel walls is presented. An experimental study on proppant placement using a new method of fracturing referred to as Alternate-Slug fracturing is presented. This method involves alternate injection of low viscosity and high viscosity fluids into the fracture, with proppant pumped in the low viscosity fluid. Experiments are conducted in Hele-Shaw cells to study the growth of viscous fingers over a wide range of viscosity ratios. Data is presented to show that the viscous finger velocities and mixing zone velocities increase with viscosity ratio up to viscosity ratios of about 350 and the trend is consistent with Koval's theory. However, at higher viscosity ratios the mixing zone velocity values plateau signifying no further effect of viscosity contrast on the growth of fingers and mixing zone. The plateau in the velocities at high viscosity ratios is caused by an increase in the thickness of the displacing fluid and a reduction in the thin film of the displaced fluid on the walls of the Hele-Shaw cell. Fluid elasticity is observed to retard the growth of fingers and leads to growth of multiple thin fingers as compared to a single thick dominant finger in less elastic fluids. Observations show the shielding effect is reduced by fluid elasticity. Elastic effects are observed to reduce the thickness of thin film of displaced fluid on the walls of Hele-Shaw cell. The dominant wave number for the growth of instabilities is observed to be higher in more elastic fluids. At the onset of instability, the interface breaks down into a greater number of fingers in more elastic fluids. Experiments are performed in simulated fractures (slot cells) to show the proppant distribution using alternate-slug fracturing. Observations show alternate-slug fracturing ensures deeper placement of proppant through two primary mechanisms: (a) proppant transport in viscous fingers formed by the low viscosity fluid and (b) an increase in drag force in the polymer slug leading to better entrainment and displacement of any proppant banks that may have formed. The method offers advantages of lower polymer costs, lower pumping horsepower, smaller fracture widths, better control of fluid leak-off and less gel damage compared to conventional gel fracs.
Book Synopsis Hydraulic Fracturing Chemicals and Fluids Technology by : Johannes Fink
Download or read book Hydraulic Fracturing Chemicals and Fluids Technology written by Johannes Fink and published by Gulf Professional Publishing. This book was released on 2013-08-14 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When classifying fracturing fluids and their additives, it is important that production, operation, and completion engineers understand which chemical should be utilized in different well environments. A user's guide to the many chemicals and chemical additives used in hydraulic fracturing operations, Hydraulic Fracturing Chemicals and Fluids Technology provides an easy-to-use manual to create fluid formulations that will meet project-specific needs while protecting the environment and the life of the well. Fink creates a concise and comprehensive reference that enables the engineer to logically select and use the appropriate chemicals on any hydraulic fracturing job. The first book devoted entirely to hydraulic fracturing chemicals, Fink eliminates the guesswork so the engineer can select the best chemicals needed on the job while providing the best protection for the well, workers and environment. - Pinpoints the specific compounds used in any given fracturing operation - Provides a systematic approach to classifying fracturing fluid technology to meet specific project needs - Eliminates guesswork with easy-to-understand language on selection and components of hydraulic fracturing chemicals - Addresses environmental aspects of chemicals to safeguard employees and protect the environment
Book Synopsis Composition and Properties of Drilling and Completion Fluids by : Ryen Caenn
Download or read book Composition and Properties of Drilling and Completion Fluids written by Ryen Caenn and published by Gulf Professional Publishing. This book was released on 2016-11-11 with total page 750 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Composition and Properties of Drilling and Completion Fluids
Book Synopsis Unconventional Oil and Gas Resources by : Usman Ahmed
Download or read book Unconventional Oil and Gas Resources written by Usman Ahmed and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-04-05 with total page 862 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the shale revolution continues in North America, unconventional resource markets are emerging on every continent. In the next eight to ten years, more than 100,000 wells and one- to two-million hydraulic fracturing stages could be executed, resulting in close to one trillion dollars in industry spending. This growth has prompted professionals ex
Book Synopsis Development of Unconventional Reservoirs by : Reza Rezaee
Download or read book Development of Unconventional Reservoirs written by Reza Rezaee and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-04-16 with total page 522 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The need for energy is increasing and but the production from conventional reservoirs is declining quickly. This requires an economically and technically feasible source of energy for the coming years. Among some alternative future energy solutions, the most reasonable source is from unconventional reservoirs. As the name “unconventional” implies, different and challenging approaches are required to characterize and develop these resources. This Special Issue covers some of the technical challenges for developing unconventional energy sources from shale gas/oil, tight gas sand, and coalbed methane.
Book Synopsis Polyvinyls—Advances in Research and Application: 2013 Edition by :
Download or read book Polyvinyls—Advances in Research and Application: 2013 Edition written by and published by ScholarlyEditions. This book was released on 2013-05-01 with total page 688 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polyvinyls—Advances in Research and Application: 2013 Edition is a ScholarlyEditions™ book that delivers timely, authoritative, and comprehensive information about Polyvinyl Chloride. The editors have built Polyvinyls—Advances in Research and Application: 2013 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Polyvinyl Chloride in this book to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Polyvinyls—Advances in Research and Application: 2013 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.
Book Synopsis Chemical Engineering III by : Jiatao Zhang
Download or read book Chemical Engineering III written by Jiatao Zhang and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2013-11-29 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chemical Engineering III includes the proceedings of the 3rd SREE Conference on Chemical Engineering (CCE 2013, Hong Kong, 28-29 December 2013) and the 2nd SREE Workshop on Energy, Environment and Engineering (WEEE 2013, which was a part of CCE 2013). The contributions discuss current practical challenges and solutions in Chemical Engineering, and cover a wide range of topics: - Chemical materials - Chemical processes - Chemical equipment - Biochemical engineering - Chemical engineering and environment - Oil and gas engineering - Energy engineering - New energy - Environmental engineering Chemical Engineering III will be invaluable to engineers and academics involved or interested in these areas.
Download or read book Hart's E&P. written by and published by . This book was released on 2006-08 with total page 712 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis JPT. Journal of Petroleum Technology by :
Download or read book JPT. Journal of Petroleum Technology written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 648 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Sand Control in Well Construction and Operation by : Davorin Matanovic
Download or read book Sand Control in Well Construction and Operation written by Davorin Matanovic and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-02-21 with total page 205 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Produced sand causes a lot of problems. From that reasons sand production must be monitored and kept within acceptable limits. Sand control problems in wells result from improper completion techniques or changes in reservoir properties. The idea is to provide support to the formation to prevent movement under stresses resulting from fluid flow from reservoir to well bore. That means that sand control often result with reduced well production. Control of sand production is achieved by: reducing drag forces (the cheapest and most effective method), mechanical sand bridging (screens, gravel packs) and increasing of formation strength (chemical consolidation). For open hole completions or with un-cemented slotted liners/screens sand failure will occur and must be predicted. Main problem is plugging. To combat well failures due to plugging and sand breakthrough Water-Packing or Shunt-Packing are used.
Book Synopsis Petroleum Engineer's Guide to Oil Field Chemicals and Fluids by : Johannes Fink
Download or read book Petroleum Engineer's Guide to Oil Field Chemicals and Fluids written by Johannes Fink and published by Gulf Professional Publishing. This book was released on 2011-05-13 with total page 809 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Petroleum Engineer's Guide to Oil Field Chemicals and Fluids is a comprehensive manual that provides end users with information about oil field chemicals, such as drilling muds, corrosion and scale inhibitors, gelling agents and bacterial control. This book is an extension and update of Oil Field Chemicals published in 2003, and it presents a compilation of materials from literature and patents, arranged according to applications and the way a typical job is practiced. The text is composed of 23 chapters that cover oil field chemicals arranged according to their use. Each chapter follows a uniform template, starting with a brief overview of the chemical followed by reviews, monomers, polymerization, and fabrication. The different aspects of application, including safety and environmental impacts, for each chemical are also discussed throughout the chapters. The text also includes handy indices for trade names, acronyms and chemicals. Petroleum, production, drilling, completion, and operations engineers and managers will find this book invaluable for project management and production. Non-experts and students in petroleum engineering will also find this reference useful. - Chemicals are ordered by use including drilling muds, corrosion inhibitors, and bacteria control - Includes cutting edge chemicals and polymers such as water soluble polymers and viscosity control - Handy index of chemical substances as well as a general chemical index
Book Synopsis Experimental Study of Proppant Settling in a Narrow Fracture Analyzed with Particle Image Velocimetry by : Lan Luo
Download or read book Experimental Study of Proppant Settling in a Narrow Fracture Analyzed with Particle Image Velocimetry written by Lan Luo and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 125 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study presents results of an experimental study of the micromechanical proppant behavior during settling in both narrow smooth and rough fractures. This fundamental analysis seeks to better understand dynamics of particle interactions in a dense phase slurry on a small particle size scale, representing proppant settling in narrow hydraulic fractures. Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) is used for analysis of velocities of individual particle and group particles and their relative paths, collisions and agglomerating in viscous Newtonian fluid. The displacement vectors show the movements of group of particles and global velocity trends of the observed area. The results from this experimental study indicate dependency of settling velocity on particle size and shape, as well as the dependency of different size of particle or agglomerate particles. The measured results, including vertical velocities and displacement vectors of singular particle and agglomerated particles, were compared with previously published theoretical and empirical relationships. It can be seen that forming of proppant agglomerates during settling, caused by frequent particle-particle and particle-wall collisions and interactions, changes the overall settling velocities predicted by the previous experiments in larger slots. The slurry settling velocity depends on the relationship between settlement, proppant concentration and occurrence of proppant agglomeration. This study also compares the different agglomerations in different fluid. This study presents the influence of proppant concentration and proppant agglomeration. The effect of wall can also been found when the concentration and agglomeration is high. In order to better understanding proppant settling in hydraulic fracture where mostly rough, the proppant settling in narrow slot with adding rough surface is also analyzed. By comparing experimental results of proppant settling in narrow slot with both smooth surface and rough surface, it can be found that the rough surface can diminish average settling velocity. The decreasing of proppant concentration and agglomeration is also found in this study.
Book Synopsis Wormlike Micelles by : Cecile A Dreiss
Download or read book Wormlike Micelles written by Cecile A Dreiss and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2017-03-21 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wormlike Micelles describes the latest developments in the field including new systems, characterization and applications.
Download or read book SPE Drilling & Completion written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Exploitation of Unconventional Oil and Gas Resources by : Kenneth Imo-Imo Israel Eshiet
Download or read book Exploitation of Unconventional Oil and Gas Resources written by Kenneth Imo-Imo Israel Eshiet and published by . This book was released on 2019-07-10 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The stimulation of unconventional hydrocarbon reservoirs is proven to improve their productivity to an extent that has rendered them economically viable. Generally, the stimulation design is a complex process dependent on intertwining factors such as the history of the formation, rock and reservoir fluid type, lithology and structural layout of the formation, cost, time, etc. A holistic grasp of these can be daunting, especially for people without sufficient experience and/or expertise in the exploitation of unconventional hydrocarbon reserves. This book presents the key facets integral to producing unconventional resources, and how the different components, if pieced together, can be used to create an integrated stimulation design. Areas covered are as follows: • stimulation methods, • fracturing fluids, • mixing and behavior of reservoir fluids, • assessment of reservoir performance, • integration of surface drilling data, • estimation of geomechanical properties and hydrocarbon saturation, and • health and safety. Exploitation of Unconventional Oil and Gas Resources: Hydraulic Fracturing and Other Recovery and Assessment Techniques is an excellent introduction to the subject area of unconventional oil and gas reservoirs, but it also complements existing information in the same discipline. It is an essential text for higher education students and professionals in academia, research, and the industry.
Book Synopsis Unconventional Reservoir Geomechanics by : Mark D. Zoback
Download or read book Unconventional Reservoir Geomechanics written by Mark D. Zoback and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-05-16 with total page 495 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive overview of the key geologic, geomechanical and engineering principles that govern the development of unconventional oil and gas reservoirs. Covering hydrocarbon-bearing formations, horizontal drilling, reservoir seismology and environmental impacts, this is an invaluable resource for geologists, geophysicists and reservoir engineers.
