Read Books Online and Download eBooks, EPub, PDF, Mobi, Kindle, Text Full Free.
Properties Of H2 Ar And Ne Clusters In Superfluid 4he Nanodroplets
Download Properties Of H2 Ar And Ne Clusters In Superfluid 4he Nanodroplets full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Properties Of H2 Ar And Ne Clusters In Superfluid 4he Nanodroplets ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!
Book Synopsis Properties of H2, Ar, and Ne Clusters in Superfluid 4He Nanodroplets by :
Download or read book Properties of H2, Ar, and Ne Clusters in Superfluid 4He Nanodroplets written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ultimate goal of this research project is to develop an experiment to probe for superfluity in large clusters of molecular hydrogen in ultra-cold helium-4 nanodroplets. Superfluidity has now been observed in a wide variety of systems and hydrogen is a good candidate to exhibit this macroscopic quantum phenomenon in a molecular system. In this thesis, two major advances were made enroute to the eventual search for superfluidity in bulk clusters of molecular hydrogen. 1. In the first advance, the fluidity of supercooled molecular H2 was investigated in helium-4 nanodroples (~ 105 atoms) at 0.38 K. To clearly demonstrate that the H2 clusters are fluxional, or fluid-like, separate studies of argon and neon clusters were also made for comparison. To probe the behavior of the clusters, a single tetracene probe molecule was also inserted into the droplet and the laser induced fluorescence (LIF) from the tetracene was studied as a function of the cluster size and the pickup method. In the prior pickup method, the cluster species is added to the 4He droplet before to the probe molecule and in the post pickup method, the tetracene is added and then the cluster species is added. Due to the difference in the pickup order, the configuration of the probe molecule and the cluster species can differ. The observed spectral shift of tetracene LIF in the presence of the cluster species was studied for both pickup methods. For Ar and Ne clusters, the spectral shifts from the prior and post pickup methods show clear differences. This observation suggests that for prior pickup, the tetracene molecule attaches to the surface of the cluster and does not penetrate into the centre of the cluster and we conclude that the Ar and Ne clusters are not fluid-like in the helium droplets. For para-hydrogen and normal-hydrogen the LIF spectra of tetracene are independent of pickup order and we conclude that the supercooled H2 clusters remain fluid-like at 0.38 K. 2. The second advance made in thi.
Book Synopsis Theoretical Reaction and Relaxation Dynamics in Superfluid Helium Nanodroplets by : Miquel Blancafort Jorquera
Download or read book Theoretical Reaction and Relaxation Dynamics in Superfluid Helium Nanodroplets written by Miquel Blancafort Jorquera and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study of superfluid helium has been carried out mainly by physicists. In recent years, taking advantage of the potentialities presented by superfluid helium nanodroplets (HeNDs) as inert matrices at very low temperatures (0.37 K), the chemical community became involved in its application to high-resolution spectroscopy. More recently (early 2000s), this community began to be involved in research using HeNDs to investigate chemical reactivity in this quantum solvent. As for the theoretical studies on the dynamics of physicochemical processes in HeNDs, they have been possible about five years ago and the number of theoretical dynamics studies, despite their interest, is very scarce. The main objective of this thesis is to contribute to the development of the research in this area.To introduce the reader into the topic, Chapter 1 is divided into four sections: the first one describes the properties of helium, the second one considers the history of the discovery and research carried out on the superfluidity phenomenon, the third one outlines the properties of superfluid helium nanodroplets, and the last one gives an overview of the applications and fields of study implying HeNDs.The theoretical and numerical methods used to describe superfluid liquid helium are detailed in Chapter 2. In the first section attention has been paid on the density functional theory (DFT) and its time dependent extension for real-time simulations (TDDFT). The second section describes the main density functionals used and the third section is aimed to present the numerical methods employed to perform the TDDFT calculations.The following four chapters contain the original studies carried out in this thesis. The investigation of the capture process of a Ne atom by a HeND can be found in Chapter 3. Here, the atom is treated using classical mechanics and the influence of energy and angular momentum is examined for a wide set of initial conditions. The microscopic mechanism, energy and angular momentum exchanges and vortex formation have been extensively analysed. The present contribution corresponds to the first systematic analysis of the influence of angular momentum in the capture process and vortex formation.Chapter 4 represents a natural evolution from Chapter 3 and describes the formation of a neon dimer or neon adduct inside a superfluid helium nanodroplet, treating both atoms classically. Analogously as in the previous chapter, angular momentum has also been taken into consideration and the mechanism, energy an angular momentum exchanges and vortex formation are analysed. These two chapters complement and extend two previous investigations of our group where the Ne atoms were treated using standard quantum mechanics at zero angular momentum. The contents of Chapter 4 correspond to the second theoretical investigation on bimolecular reaction dynamics in HeNDs.The following two chapters use a full quantum hybrid approach to explore rotational and vibrational energy relaxation dynamics. Chapter 5 corresponds to the first theoretical study reported so far on the rotational energy relaxation dynamics of molecules in HeNDs. This process has been studied using several isotopes of the H2 molecule (fast rotors) and considering a set of initial excitations and nanodroplet sizes.The last investigation (Chapter 6) is centred on the study of the vibrational energy relaxation in HeNDs. Thus, the influence of the energy gap between the vibrational levels, molecule-helium interaction energy and nanodroplet size on the vibrational relaxation dynamics has been analysed, taking as a reference the I2@(4He)100 doped nanodroplet which was recently studied in our group. To the best of our knowledge it is the first time that the influence of these key factors has been examined.Finally, in Chapters 7 and 8 the main conclusions and a summary in Catalan are presented.
Book Synopsis Handbook of High-resolution Spectroscopy by : Martin Quack
Download or read book Handbook of High-resolution Spectroscopy written by Martin Quack and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-09-26 with total page 2236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The field of High-Resolution Spectroscopy has been considerably extended and even redefined in some areas. Combining the knowledge of spectroscopy, laser technology, chemical computation, and experiments, Handbook of High-Resolution Spectroscopy provides a comprehensive survey of the whole field as it presents itself today, with emphasis on the recent developments. This essential handbook for advanced research students, graduate students, and researchers takes a systematic approach through the range of wavelengths and includes the latest advances in experiment and theory that will help and guide future applications. The first comprehensive survey in high-resolution molecular spectroscopy for over 15 years Brings together the knowledge of spectroscopy, laser technology, chemical computation and experiments Brings the reader up-to-date with the many advances that have been made in recent times Takes the reader through the range of wavelengths, covering all possible techniques such as Microwave Spectroscopy, Infrared Spectroscopy, Raman Spectroscopy, VIS, UV and VUV Combines theoretical, computational and experimental aspects Has numerous applications in a wide range of scientific domains Edited by two leaders in this field Provides an overview of rotational, vibration, electronic and photoelectron spectroscopy Volume 1 - Introduction: Fundamentals of Molecular Spectroscopy Volume 2 - High-Resolution Molecular Spectroscopy: Methods and Results Volume 3 - Special Methods & Applications
Book Synopsis Handbook of Nanophysics by : Klaus D. Sattler
Download or read book Handbook of Nanophysics written by Klaus D. Sattler and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-04-19 with total page 718 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the 1990s, nanoparticles and quantum dots began to be used in optical, electronic, and biological applications. Now they are being studied for use in solid-state quantum computation, tumor imaging, and photovoltaics. Handbook of Nanophysics: Nanoparticles and Quantum Dots focuses on the fundamental physics of these nanoscale materials and struct
Download or read book Nanodroplets written by Zhiming M. Wang and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2014-01-08 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanodroplets, the basis of complex and advanced nanostructures such as quantum rings, quantum dots and quantum dot clusters for future electronic and optoelectronic materials and devices, have attracted the interdisciplinary interest of chemists, physicists and engineers. This book combines experimental and theoretical analyses of nanosized droplets which reveal many attractive properties. Coverage includes nanodroplet synthesis, structure, unique behaviors and their nanofabrication, including chapters on focused ion beam, atomic force microscopy, molecular beam epitaxy and the "vapor-liquid- solid" route. Particular emphasis is given to the behavior of metallic nanodroplets, water nanodroplets and nanodroplets in polymer and metamaterial nanocomposites. The contributions of leading scientists and their research groups will provide readers with deeper insight into the chemical and physical mechanisms, properties, and potential applications of various nanodroplets.
Download or read book Chemical Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 2364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Synchrotron Light Sources and Free-Electron Lasers by : Eberhard J. Jaeschke
Download or read book Synchrotron Light Sources and Free-Electron Lasers written by Eberhard J. Jaeschke and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-05-27 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hardly any other discovery of the nineteenth century did have such an impact on science and technology as Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen’s seminal find of the X-rays. X-ray tubes soon made their way as excellent instruments for numerous applications in medicine, biology, materials science and testing, chemistry and public security. Developing new radiation sources with higher brilliance and much extended spectral range resulted in stunning developments like the electron synchrotron and electron storage ring and the freeelectron laser. This handbook highlights these developments in fifty chapters. The reader is given not only an inside view of exciting science areas but also of design concepts for the most advanced light sources. The theory of synchrotron radiation and of the freeelectron laser, design examples and the technology basis are presented. The handbook presents advanced concepts like seeding and harmonic generation, the booming field of Terahertz radiation sources and upcoming brilliant light sources driven by laser-plasma accelerators. The applications of the most advanced light sources and the advent of nanobeams and fully coherent x-rays allow experiments from which scientists in the past could not even dream. Examples are the diffraction with nanometer resolution, imaging with a full 3D reconstruction of the object from a diffraction pattern, measuring the disorder in liquids with high spatial and temporal resolution. The 20th century was dedicated to the development and improvement of synchrotron light sources with an ever ongoing increase of brilliance. With ultrahigh brilliance sources, the 21st century will be the century of x-ray lasers and their applications. Thus, we are already close to the dream of condensed matter and biophysics: imaging single (macro)molecules and measuring their dynamics on the femtosecond timescale to produce movies with atomic resolution.
Download or read book Russian Chemical Reviews written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 578 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Molecules in Superfluid Helium Nanodroplets by : Alkwin Slenczka
Download or read book Molecules in Superfluid Helium Nanodroplets written by Alkwin Slenczka and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-05-28 with total page 590 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book covers recent advances in experiments using the ultra-cold, very weakly perturbing superfluid environment provided by helium nanodroplets for high resolution spectroscopic, structural and dynamic studies of molecules and synthetic clusters. The recent infra-red, UV-Vis studies of radicals, molecules, clusters, ions and biomolecules, as well as laser dynamical and laser orientational studies, are reviewed. The Coulomb explosion studies of the uniquely quantum structures of small helium clusters, X-ray imaging of large droplets and electron diffraction of embedded molecules are also described. Particular emphasis is given to the synthesis and detection of new species by mass spectrometry and deposition electron microscopy.
Download or read book Astromag written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Attribute of Water by : Chang Q Sun
Download or read book The Attribute of Water written by Chang Q Sun and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-02-13 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book features the latest advances and future trends in water science and technology. It also discusses the scientific popularization and quantitative resolution of a variety of mysterious properties of water and ice from the perspective of hydrogen-bond cooperativity in response to stimuli such as chemical contamination, electrification, magnetification, mechanical compression, molecular undercoordination, and thermal excitation. Anomalies include the floating of ice, the Hofmeister effect in solutions, regelation of ice, slipperiness of ice, water’s tough skin, the Mpemba paradox, and the floating bridge. It also addresses the superfluidity of microchannels, hydrogen bond potentials, nanodroplet and bubble thermodynamics, quasisolidity and supersolidity, controlling superhydrophobicity–superhydrophilicity transition, and high-pressure ice formation. The target audience for this book includes students, senior scholars, engineers and practitioners in the area of physical chemistry, biology, as well as aqueous and colloid solutions.
Book Synopsis Quantized Vortices in Helium II by : Russell J. Donnelly
Download or read book Quantized Vortices in Helium II written by Russell J. Donnelly and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1991-03-07 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses the properties of quantized vortex lines in superfluid helium-4 in the light of research on vortices in modern fluid mechanics, and gives the first comprehensive treatment of the problem. The author's comprehensive approach will make this book invaluable for students taking advanced undergraduate or graduate courses, and for all those involved in research on classical and quantum vortices.
Book Synopsis Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering by : Zhong-Qun Tian
Download or read book Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering written by Zhong-Qun Tian and published by John Wiley & Sons Incorporated. This book was released on 2010-06-14 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy: Principles, Experiments, and Applications is a comprehensive, up to date, and balanced treatment of the theoretical and practical aspects of Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS), a useful branch of spectroscopy for several areas of science. This book describes the basic principles of SERS, including SERS mechanisms, performing SERS measurements, and interpreting data. Also emphasized are applications in electrochemistry; catalysis; surface processing and corrosion; Self-Assemble-Layer and L-B Films; polymer science; biology; medicine and drug analysis; sensors; fuel cells; forensics; and archaeology. It is an essential guide for student and professional analytical chemists.
Book Synopsis Atomic and Molecular Beams by : Roger Campargue
Download or read book Atomic and Molecular Beams written by Roger Campargue and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 1013 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This title covers the state of the art in this field both theoretically and experimentally. With contributions from leading researchers including several Nobel laureates, it represents a long-lasting source of reference on all aspects of fundamental research into or using atomic and molecular beams.
Book Synopsis Unimolecular Reaction Dynamics by : Tomas Baer
Download or read book Unimolecular Reaction Dynamics written by Tomas Baer and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 1996-06-27 with total page 447 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a penetrating and comprehensive description of energy selected reactions from a theoretical as well as experimental view. Three major aspects of unimolecular reactions involving the preparation of the reactants in selected energy states, the rate of dissociation of the activated molecule, and the partitioning of the excess energy among the final products, are fully discussed with the aid of 175 illustrations and over 1,000 references, most from the recent literature. Examples of both neutral and ionic reactions are presented. Many of the difficult topics are discussed at several levels of sophistication to allow access by novices as well as experts. Among the topics covered for the first time in monograph form is a discussion of highly excited vibrational/rotational states and intramolecular vibrational energy redistribution. Problems associated with the application of RRKM theory are discussed with the aid of experimental examples. Detailed comparisons are also made between different statistical models of unimolecular decomposition. Both quantum and classical models not based on statistical assumptions are described. Finally, a chapter devoted to the theory of product energy distribution includes the application of phase space theory to the dissociation of small and large clusters. The work will be welcomed as a valuable resource by practicing researchers and graduate students in physical chemistry, and those involved in the study of chemical reaction dynamics.
Book Synopsis Two-Dimensional Crystals by : A. G. Naumovets
Download or read book Two-Dimensional Crystals written by A. G. Naumovets and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a self-contained, tutorial introduction to two-dimensional crystal science and technology. Including concise descriptions of experimental methods and results from fundamental theoretical concepts, this book covers a broad range of two-dimensional structures--from overlayers to freestanding films. All those with an active interest in surface science and statistical physics will find this book to be an essential reference work. Presents a coherent overview of experimental methods and theoretical background of two-dimensional crystal physics Provides a tutorial overview of continuous melting of two-dimensional crystals, roughening transitions, wetting phenomena, and commensurate-incommensurate transitions
Book Synopsis Matter and Methods at Low Temperatures by : Frank Pobell
Download or read book Matter and Methods at Low Temperatures written by Frank Pobell and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of this book is to provide information about performing experi ments at low temperatures, as well as basic facts concerning the low tem perature properties of liquid and solid matter. To orient the reader, I begin with chapters on these low temperature properties. The major part of the book is then devoted to refrigeration techniques and to the physics on which they are based. Of equal importance, of course, are the definition and measurement of temperature; hence low temperature thermometry is extensively discussed in subsequent chapters. Finally, I describe a variety of design and construction techniques which have turned out to be useful over the years. The content of the book is based on the three-hour-per-week lecture course which I have given several times at the University of Bayreuth between 1983 and 1991. It should be particularly suited for advanced stu dents whose intended masters (diploma) or Ph.D. subject is experimental condensed matter physics at low temperatures. However, I believe that the book will also be of value to experienced scientists, since it describes sev eral very recent advances in experimental low temperature physics and technology, for example, new developments in nuclear refrigeration and thermometry.
