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Properties Of Foamed Asphalt For Warm Mix Asphalt Applications
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Book Synopsis Properties of Foamed Asphalt for Warm Mix Asphalt Applications by : David E. Newcomb
Download or read book Properties of Foamed Asphalt for Warm Mix Asphalt Applications written by David E. Newcomb and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 807: Properties of Foamed Asphalt for Warm Mix Asphalt Applications presents methods for measuring the performance-related properties of foamed asphalts and designing foamed asphalt mixes with satisfactory aggregate coating and workability." --
Book Synopsis Characteristics of Foamed Asphalt Binders for Warm Mix Asphalt Applications by : Zelalem Alebel Arega
Download or read book Characteristics of Foamed Asphalt Binders for Warm Mix Asphalt Applications written by Zelalem Alebel Arega and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An increase in environmental awareness and energy concerns had recently prompted efforts to make pavement construction cheaper and more environmentally friendly. Warm mix asphalt (WMA) is an asphalt mixture production technology that promises to reduce production costs and greenhouse gas emissions. Foamed asphalt binder is increasingly being used to produce WMA. This dissertation addresses several issues related to the use of foamed asphalt binder for WMA applications. The first objective of the research presented in this dissertation is to develop a method and metrics to precisely quantify the characteristics of asphalt binder foams. Laboratory measurements were obtained using the newly developed method to evaluate the extent and stability of foams produced using different asphalt binders at different water contents and laboratory foaming devices. Results demonstrate that the method developed is promising in terms of its ability to provide a detailed history of the behavior of foamed asphalt binder as the foam collapses. In addition, results indicate that the method is sensitive to distinguish between foaming characteristics of different asphalt binders as well as different water contents and foaming devices. The second objective of this study was to relate intrinsic properties of the asphalt binder to its foaming characteristics. A physical model was developed for expansion of asphalt binder foam based on foam physics and fluid mechanics of micro-droplets. The model relates foamant water and asphalt binder mixing efficiency with the surface tension of the asphalt binder. The model can be used to predict which binder can be effectively foamed and used, and whether any chemical modification to the binder is necessary to achieve the same. Results indicate that only a small percentage of water is effective in foaming the asphalt binder. The last objective of this research was to evaluate the influence of foaming on asphalt binder residues and mixture workability and coatability. The influence of foaming process on the rheological properties of asphalt binder residue was investigated. In addition, the significance of foamed asphalt binder characteristics on mixture workability and coatability was evaluated. Results from this last part of the study can be used to optimize binder foaming such that the resulting mixture is coated and compacted without compromising performance.
Book Synopsis EVALUATION OF RHEOLOGICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF FOAMED AND EMULSIFIED ASPHALT MATERIALS by :
Download or read book EVALUATION OF RHEOLOGICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF FOAMED AND EMULSIFIED ASPHALT MATERIALS written by and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract : Foamed asphalt (water-foamed asphalt in this study) is formed by combining hot asphalt with a small amount of cold water, while emulsified asphalt is simply a suspension of small asphalt cement globules in water, which is assisted by an emulsifying agent (or surfactant). The foaming and emulsifying processes are the water-based physical and chemical processes in decreasing the apparent viscosity of asphalt, respectively. Both foamed and emulsified asphalt materials containing some free water, and have been widely used in the cold, half-warm, and warm mix asphalt productions. Also, the pavement surface treatments and maintenances are involved in these asphalt materials. However, it is limited to a profound understanding of mechanical performance and corresponding physicochemical properties. The objectives of this study are 1) to characterize the rheological properties of foamed and emulsified asphalt materials, 2) and to evaluate the mechanical properties of its mixtures in the applications of pavement construction, surface treatments, and pavement maintenances. The rheological behavior of foamed asphalt was measured at various temperatures and with different water content can provide the apparent viscosity and agitation torque of the foamed asphalt. Besides, according to the dynamic foaming processes of the foamed asphalt, this study successfully applied the dynamic movement of water vapor or bubble in foamed asphalt to disperse the nano hydrated lime (NHL) particles in the suspensions into the asphalt. The dispersion condition and the microstructure of the nanoparticles in the asphalt were evaluated via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. A surfactant of sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate was added to the water to form suspensions before inserted into the hot asphalt. Also, the study characterized the impacts of the foaming condition and the multiple freeze-thaw cycles on the laboratory tensile strength tests via Materials Testing System (MTS) of the foamed asphalt mixtures. Then, the nondestructive ultrasonic direct test was applied to assess the foamed asphalt mixture damage level after the multiple freeze-thaw cycles. Meanwhile, for another kind of asphalt material containing free water (emulsified asphalt), the interactions of asphalt and water in the emulsified asphalt were characterized first. The moisture (or water) retention of emulsified asphalts during the oven heating was applied to assess the emulsification stability at different acidic and alkaline levels. The dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) experiments characterized the apparent viscosity and rutting indicator as to the parameters for expressing the rheological properties of both emulsified asphalts and the individual residues. The Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT/IR) analyzed the interactions of asphalt and water in emulsified asphalt from the perspective of molecular chemistry. After that, the application of emulsified asphalt on pavement maintenance; the example of chip-seal was involved. These studies tested the adhesion, interface bond strength, and shear bond strength for the pavement underlying chip-seal. Two innovative laboratory chip-seal tests, Michigan Tech's interface bond test (IBT) and Michigan Tech's shear bond test (SBT), were developed in this study. The testing results concluded that the new developed chip-seal tests are useful in evaluating the bonding performance between the chip-seal and pavements.
Book Synopsis Special Mixture Design Considerations and Methods for Warm Mix Asphalt by :
Download or read book Special Mixture Design Considerations and Methods for Warm Mix Asphalt written by and published by Transportation Research Board. This book was released on 2012 with total page 53 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 714: Special Mixture Design Considerations and Methods for Warm-Mix Asphalt: A Supplement to NCHRP Report 673: A Manual for Design of Hot-Mix Asphalt with Commentary presents special mixture design considerations and methods used with warm-mix asphalt. NCHRP Report 714 is a supplement to NCHRP Report 673: A Manual for Design of Hot-Mix Asphalt. All references to chapters in NCHRP Report 714 refer to the corresponding chapters in NCHRP Report 673.
Book Synopsis Warm Mix Asphalt by : Paula Cristina Arroyo-Martínez
Download or read book Warm Mix Asphalt written by Paula Cristina Arroyo-Martínez and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Warm mix asphalt (WMA) is a technology that emerges to achieve environmental challenges of reducing greenhouse gas emissions. There are several technologies that allow diminishing the mixing and compaction temperature of the asphalt mixtures while improving workability. The benefits of using warm mix asphalt are not just environmental but also include better working conditions and the capability of introducing greater percentages of recycled materials into the mixture. Foamed asphalt is the most used technology to obtained warm mix asphalt in the United States of America (USA), and the performance of the resultant mixtures could be increased by controlling and improving the characteristics of the foam.
Book Synopsis A Study on Properties of Foamed-Asphalt-Treated Mixes by : CT. Chiu
Download or read book A Study on Properties of Foamed-Asphalt-Treated Mixes written by CT. Chiu and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From both economical and ecological points of view, cold recycling is much more beneficial than hot recycling. However, due to not only the intrinsic properties of binding mechanisms but also the difficulties of process control, cold recycling did not gain common acceptance in Taiwanese paving industries. For the further development of environment-friendly paving materials and construction processes, this particular study investigated the engineering properties of foamed-asphalt-treated bases in Taiwan. Using a laboratory foaming plant, work was performed on local materials to produce foamed-asphalt-treated cold mixtures. The engineering properties of foamed-asphalt-treated mixes were tested and compared with those of hot recycled mixes. Test results show the benefits of utilizing high percentages (80%) of milled asphalt in foamed asphalt mixes. The optimum asphalt content of foamed asphalt mixes can be reduced from 3.5 to 2.0%, which is less than the mixes consisting of all new aggregate, and the moisture resistance of the mixture is enhanced. Resilience modulus and fatigue data show that foamed-asphalt-treated mixes perform as well as hot recycled mixes.
Book Synopsis Characteristics of Asphalt Binders by :
Download or read book Characteristics of Asphalt Binders written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Superpave Mix Design by : Asphalt Institute
Download or read book Superpave Mix Design written by Asphalt Institute and published by . This book was released on 2001-01-01 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Advances in Asphalt Materials by : Shin-Che Huang
Download or read book Advances in Asphalt Materials written by Shin-Che Huang and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2015-04-08 with total page 493 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The urgent need for infrastructure rehabilitation and maintenance has led to a rise in the levels of research into bituminous materials. Breakthroughs in sustainable and environmentally friendly bituminous materials are certain to have a significant impact on national economies and energy sustainability. This book will provide a comprehensive review on recent advances in research and technological developments in bituminous materials. Opening with an introductory chapter on asphalt materials and a section on the perspective of bituminous binder specifications, Part One covers the physiochemical characterisation and analysis of asphalt materials. Part Two reviews the range of distress (damage) mechanisms in asphalt materials, with chapters covering cracking, deformation, fatigue cracking and healing of asphalt mixtures, as well as moisture damage and the multiscale oxidative aging modelling approach for asphalt concrete. The final section of this book investigates alternative asphalt materials. Chapters within this section review such aspects as alternative binders for asphalt pavements such as bio binders and RAP, paving with asphalt emulsions and aggregate grading optimization. Provides an insight into advances and techniques for bituminous materials Comprehensively reviews the physicochemical characteristics of bituminous materials Investigate asphalt materials on the nano-scale, including how RAP/RAS materials can be recycled and how asphalt materials can self-heal and rejuvenator selection
Book Synopsis Performance of Foamed Warm Mix Asphalt In Virginia Over Four to Six Years by : Stacey D. Diefenderfer
Download or read book Performance of Foamed Warm Mix Asphalt In Virginia Over Four to Six Years written by Stacey D. Diefenderfer and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 27 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT) began allowing the use of warm mix asphalt (WMA) in 2008 and has become a national leader in the use of WMA technologies. Several WMA technologies were investigated in research projects prior to implementation; however, foamed WMA was not. This study was designed to evaluate the properties and performance of foamed WMA placed during the initial implementation of the technology to determine if the technology has performed as expected. Six mixtures produced using plant foaming technologies and placed between 2008 and 2010 were identified and subjected to field coring and laboratory testing to provide insight as to the performance of foamed WMA mixtures. All coring was performed in 2014, which resulted in pavement ages ranging from 4 to 6 years. Three comparable hot mix asphalt (HMA) mixtures were cored and evaluated to provide average values for comparison. All cores were tested to determine air-void contents and permeability and were subjected to dynamic modulus, repeated load permanent deformation, and Texas overlay testing. In addition, binder was extracted and recovered for performance grading. Test results found similar properties for the WMA and HMA mixtures evaluated. One WMA mixture exhibited high dynamic modulus and binder stiffness, but overlay testing did not indicate any tendency toward premature cracking. All binders were found to have aged between two and three performance grades above that which was specified at construction. WMA binders and one HMA binder aged two grades higher, and the remaining two HMA binders aged three grades, indicating a likely influence on aging from the reduced temperatures at which the early foamed mixtures were typically produced. Overall results indicated that foamed WMA should be expected to perform similarly to HMA. WMA has been fully adopted by VDOT as an alternative to HMA since 2008; however, at the time of implementation of foamed WMA, no studies had been conducted by VDOT to assess the performance of WMA relative to that of HMA. This study validated the assumption that the properties and performance of foamed WMA are similar to those of HMA.
Book Synopsis Asphalt Materials Science and Technology by : James G. Speight
Download or read book Asphalt Materials Science and Technology written by James G. Speight and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 2015-10-01 with total page 652 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Asphalt is a complex but popular civil engineering material. Design engineers must understand these complexities in order to optimize its use. Whether or not it is used to pave a busy highway, waterproof a rooftop or smooth out an airport runway, Asphalt Materials Science and Technology acquaints engineers with the issues and technologies surrounding the proper selection and uses of asphalts. With this book in hand, researchers and engineering will find a valuable guide to the production, use and environmental aspect of asphalt. Covers the Nomenclature and Terminology for Asphalt including: Performance Graded (PG) Binders, Asphalt Cement (AC), Asphalt-Rubber (A-R) Binder, Asphalt Emulsion and Cutback Asphalt Includes Material Selection Considerations, Testing, and applications Biodegradation of Asphalt and environmental aspects of asphalt use
Book Synopsis Asphalt Pavement Construction by : J. A. Scherocman
Download or read book Asphalt Pavement Construction written by J. A. Scherocman and published by ASTM International. This book was released on 1980 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Evaluation of the Moisture Susceptibility of WMA Technologies by : Amy Epps Martin
Download or read book Evaluation of the Moisture Susceptibility of WMA Technologies written by Amy Epps Martin and published by Transportation Research Board. This book was released on 2014 with total page 109 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 763: Evaluation of the Moisture Susceptibility of WMA Technologies presents proposed guidelines for identifying potential moisture susceptibility in warm mix asphalt (WMA). The report also suggests potential revisions to the Appendix to AASHTO R 35, "Special Mixture Design Considerations and Methods for WMA" as a means to implement the guidelines."--publisher's description
Book Synopsis Laboratory Evaluation of Warm Mix Asphalt Prepared Using Foamed Asphalt Binders by : Ayman W. Ali
Download or read book Laboratory Evaluation of Warm Mix Asphalt Prepared Using Foamed Asphalt Binders written by Ayman W. Ali and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Warm Mix Asphalt (WMA) is a name given to different technologies that have the common purpose of reducing the viscosity of the asphalt binders. This reduction in viscosity offers the advantage of producing asphalt-aggregate mixtures at lower mixing and compaction temperatures, and subsequently reducing energy consumption and pollutant emissions during asphalt mix production and placement. WMA technologies can be classified into two groups. The first group reduces the asphalt binders' viscosity through the addition of organic or chemical additives, while the second group reduces the viscosity of the asphalt binders through the addition of water. The latter has received increased attention in Ohio since it does not require the use of costly additives. In spite of the above-mentioned advantages for WMA mixtures, many concerns have been raised regarding the susceptibility of this material to moisture-induced damage and permanent deformation due to the reduced temperature level used during WMA production. Therefore, this study was conducted to develop a laboratory procedure to produce WMA mixtures prepared using foamed asphalt binders (WMA-FA), and to evaluate their performance in comparison to conventional Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA). This study involved two types of aggregates (natural gravel and crushed limestone) and two types of asphalt binders (PG 64-22 and PG 70-22M). A laboratory scale asphalt binder foaming device called WLB10, produced by Wirtgen, Inc., was used to foam the asphalt binders. The aggregate gradation met the Ohio Department of Transportation (ODOT) Construction and Materials Specification (C&MS) requirements for Item 441 Type 1 Surface Course for Medium Traffic. The resistance of WMA-FA and HMA mixtures to moisture-induced damage was measured using AASHTO T-283, and the resistance to permanent deformation was measured using the Asphalt Pavement Analyzer (APA) and the Simple Performance Test (SPT). Based on the experimental test results and the subsequent analyses findings, the following conclusions were made: [1] WMA-FA mixtures are more workable and easily compacted than HMA mixtures even though they are produced at lower mixing and compaction temperatures; [2] WMA-FA mixtures are slightly more susceptible to moisture damage than HMA mixtures. However, the difference is statistically insignificant. Therefore, if designed properly, both mixtures are expected to meet ODOT's minimum TSR requirement for the proposed traffic level; [3] WMA-FA mixtures, especially those prepared using gravel aggregates and unmodified asphalt binders are more prone to rutting than the corresponding HMA mixtures. Therefore, it is recommended to include the APA test as part of the WMA mix design procedure to ensure satisfactory performance for rutting.
Book Synopsis The Influence of Foamed Bitumen Characteristics on Cold-mix Asphalt Properties by : Sri Sunarjono
Download or read book The Influence of Foamed Bitumen Characteristics on Cold-mix Asphalt Properties written by Sri Sunarjono and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 622 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Advances in Functional Pavements by : Yuqing Zhang
Download or read book Advances in Functional Pavements written by Yuqing Zhang and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2023-11-15 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Functional Pavements is a collection of papers presented at the 7th Chinese-European Workshop (CEW) on Functional Pavement (Birmingham, UK, 2-4 July 2023). The focus of the CEW series is on field tests, laboratory test methods and advanced analysis techniques, and covers analysis, material development and production, experimental characterization, design and construction of pavements. The main areas covered by the book include: Green pavements for circular and low-carbon economy Intelligent pavements for future and smart cities Durable pavements for long-life infrastructures Safe pavements for user-friendly build environments Advances in Functional Pavements aims at contributing to the establishment of a new generation of pavement design methodologies in which rational mechanics principles, advanced constitutive models and advanced material characterization techniques shall constitute the backbone of the design process. The book will be much of interest to professionals, academics and practitioners in pavement engineering and related disciplines as it should assist them in providing improved road pavement infrastructure to their stakeholders.
Book Synopsis Low Temperature Characterization of Foamed Warm Mix Asphalt by : Ahmad Alhasan
Download or read book Low Temperature Characterization of Foamed Warm Mix Asphalt written by Ahmad Alhasan and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, a group of technologies has been introduced in the United States that allows producing asphalt mixtures at temperatures 30 to 100oF lower than what is used in traditional hot mix asphalt (HMA). This group of technologies is commonly referred to as Warm Mix Asphalt (WMA). From among these technologies, foamed WMA produced by water injection has gained increased attention from the asphalt paving industry in Ohio since it does not require the use of costly additives. This study evaluated the low-temperature performance of foamed WMA and compared it to traditional HMA. Two asphalt binders (PG 70-22 and PG 64-28), two aggregate types (limestone and crushed gravel), and two aggregate gradations (12.5 mm NMAS and 19.0 mm NMAS) were used in this study. The low-temperature behavior of the asphalt mixtures was evaluated using the thermal stress restrained specimen test (TSRST). In addition, the low-temperature properties of the asphalt binders were measured using the bending beam rheometer (BBR). This allowed for comparing the fracture temperature obtained from the TSRST to the low-temperature performance grade obtained using the BBR test.In general, the foamed WMA mixtures exhibited warmer fracture temperatures and lower fracture stresses in the TSRST than the traditional HMA mixtures. This indicates that the HMA mixtures have better resistance to low-temperature cracking. It was found that the binder grade had the most significant effect on the fracture temperature followed by the mix type, while the aggregate type had the most significant effect on the fracture stress followed by the binder grade and the mix type. The fracture temperatures measured in the TSRST were also found to be consistent with the low-temperature performance grades obtained using the BBR test.
